Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1996808398', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3317830', 'title': 'Efflux of Chloroquine from <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> : Mechanism of Chloroquine Resistance', 'display_name': 'Efflux of Chloroquine from <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> : Mechanism of Chloroquine Resistance', 'publication_year': 1987, 'publication_date': '1987-11-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1996808398', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3317830', 'mag': '1996808398', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3317830'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3317830', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3880285', 'display_name': 'Science', 'issn_l': '0036-8075', 'issn': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055426610', 'display_name': 'Donald J. Krogstad', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-9667'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204465549', 'display_name': 'Washington University in St. Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01yc7t268', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Donald J. Krogstad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085384561', 'display_name': 'Ilya Y. Gluzman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204465549', 'display_name': 'Washington University in St. Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01yc7t268', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ilya Y. Gluzman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082171943', 'display_name': 'Dennis E. Kyle', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-965X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dennis E. Kyle', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5106034838', 'display_name': 'A.M.J. Oduola', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ayoade M. J. Oduola', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109998424', 'display_name': 'Samuel K. Martin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Samuel K. Martin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112177472', 'display_name': 'Wilbur K. Milhous', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92664306', 'display_name': 'Walter Reed Army Institute of Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0145znz58', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106965489', 'https://openalex.org/I1304082316', 'https://openalex.org/I1330347796', 'https://openalex.org/I2802581893', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088792', 'https://openalex.org/I92664306']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wilbur K. Milhous', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I92664306']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056034482', 'display_name': 'Paul H. Schlesinger', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-7401'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204465549', 'display_name': 'Washington University in St. Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01yc7t268', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul H. Schlesinger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biomedical Research at Washington University School of Dental Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biomedical Research at Washington University School of Dental Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 26.454, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 523, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99986, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '238', 'issue': '4831', 'first_page': '1283', 'last_page': '1285'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10091', 'display_name': 'Malaria Research and Control', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10091', 'display_name': 'Malaria Research and Control', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11465', 'display_name': 'Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3004', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13201', 'display_name': 'Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis', 'score': 0.9881, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/efflux', 'display_name': 'Efflux', 'score': 0.59833074}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777425658', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422438', 'display_name': 'Chloroquine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9807519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778371730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383', 'display_name': 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8971821}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777022698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410291', 'display_name': 'Verapamil', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7933179}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200082930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327148', 'display_name': 'Efflux', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59833074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51549965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778048844', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156', 'display_name': 'Malaria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5009022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47223258}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114851261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416', 'display_name': 'Drug resistance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46517703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37518454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C519063684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706', 'display_name': 'Calcium', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.33803105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.27050054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2129052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17868069}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1663579}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002738', 'descriptor_name': 'Chloroquine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010963', 'descriptor_name': 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001692', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Transport', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002121', 'descriptor_name': 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002121', 'descriptor_name': 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002738', 'descriptor_name': 'Chloroquine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002738', 'descriptor_name': 'Chloroquine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003630', 'descriptor_name': 'Daunorubicin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003630', 'descriptor_name': 'Daunorubicin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004351', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Resistance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007700', 'descriptor_name': 'Kinetics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010963', 'descriptor_name': 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010963', 'descriptor_name': 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010963', 'descriptor_name': 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014747', 'descriptor_name': 'Vinblastine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014747', 'descriptor_name': 'Vinblastine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3317830', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3880285', 'display_name': 'Science', 'issn_l': '0036-8075', 'issn': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3317830', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 23, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1499694712', 'https://openalex.org/W1815038235', 'https://openalex.org/W1954710918', 'https://openalex.org/W1969503178', 'https://openalex.org/W1984979458', 'https://openalex.org/W2005702128', 'https://openalex.org/W2005890366', 'https://openalex.org/W2013628180', 'https://openalex.org/W2040283218', 'https://openalex.org/W2052756108', 'https://openalex.org/W2059320779', 'https://openalex.org/W206142983', 'https://openalex.org/W2071061494', 'https://openalex.org/W2074834150', 'https://openalex.org/W2076943891', 'https://openalex.org/W2077355226', 'https://openalex.org/W2135923360', 'https://openalex.org/W2136048889', 'https://openalex.org/W2171073107', 'https://openalex.org/W2317217299', 'https://openalex.org/W2407183265', 'https://openalex.org/W2419161150', 'https://openalex.org/W4238605098'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W47752255', 'https://openalex.org/W2465887096', 'https://openalex.org/W2416468153', 'https://openalex.org/W2414493761', 'https://openalex.org/W2398106433', 'https://openalex.org/W2166046803', 'https://openalex.org/W2144038468', 'https://openalex.org/W2113822524', 'https://openalex.org/W1984979458', 'https://openalex.org/W1141749753'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Chloroquine-resistant': [0], 'Plasmodium': [1, 90, 114], 'falciparum': [2], 'accumulate': [3], 'significantly': [4], 'less': [5], 'chloroquine': [6, 29, 41, 57, 84, 100, 105], 'than': [7, 48], 'susceptible': [8, 50], 'parasites,': [9], 'and': [10, 63, 73, 79, 107], 'this': [11], 'is': [12], 'thought': [13], 'to': [14, 39, 43], 'be': [15], 'the': [16, 22, 25, 49, 60, 77, 81, 103, 109], 'basis': [17], 'of': [18, 28, 56, 83, 99], 'their': [19, 53], 'resistance.': [20], 'However,': [21], 'reason': [23], 'for': [24], 'lower': [26, 104], 'accumulation': [27, 58, 82], 'was': [30], 'unknown.': [31], 'The': [32], 'resistant': [33, 86, 113], 'parasite': [34], 'has': [35], 'now': [36], 'been': [37], 'found': [38], 'release': [40, 78, 101], '40': [42], '50': [44], 'times': [45], 'more': [46], 'rapidly': [47], 'parasite,': [51], 'although': [52], 'initial': [54], 'rates': [55], 'are': [59], 'same.': [61], 'Verapamil': [62], 'two': [64], 'other': [65], 'calcium': [66], 'channel': [67], 'blockers,': [68], 'as': [69, 71], 'well': [70], 'vinblastine': [72], 'daunomycin,': [74], 'each': [75], 'slowed': [76], 'increased': [80], 'by': [85], '(but': [87], 'not': [88], 'susceptible)': [89], 'falciparum.': [91, 115], 'These': [92], 'results': [93], 'suggest': [94], 'that': [95], 'a': [96], 'higher': [97], 'rate': [98], 'explains': [102], 'accumulation,': [106], 'thus': [108], 'resistance': [110], 'observed': [111], 'in': [112]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996808398', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 17}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-21T01:33:07.973270', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}