Title: Are the Digits of π an Independent and Identically Distributed Sequence?
Abstract: Abstract This article searches for dependence in the decimal expansion of the number π. We systematically test whether the digits of π are k-distributed for greater and greater k. As it happens, testing whether longer and longer sequences are randomly distributed is a surprisingly interesting problem. We look at a number of approaches to testing independence and find no significant departures from uniform iid behavior in sequences up to 16 digits in length.
Publication Year: 2000
Publication Date: 2000-02-01
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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Cited By Count: 10
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