Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1967012415', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90490-i', 'title': 'Carry-less arithmetic operation of decimal numbers by signed digit substitution and its optical implementation', 'display_name': 'Carry-less arithmetic operation of decimal numbers by signed digit substitution and its optical implementation', 'publication_year': 1992, 'publication_date': '1992-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1967012415', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90490-i', 'mag': '1967012415'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90490-i', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186881120', 'display_name': 'Optics Communications', 'issn_l': '0030-4018', 'issn': ['0030-4018', '1873-0310'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056895049', 'display_name': 'Anuja Datta', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-8639'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I106542073', 'display_name': 'University of Calcutta', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e7v7w47', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106542073']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A.K. Datta', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I106542073']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018337127', 'display_name': 'Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-0247'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I106542073', 'display_name': 'University of Calcutta', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e7v7w47', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106542073']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Mukhopadhyay', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I106542073']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026721399', 'display_name': 'A. Basuray', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I106542073', 'display_name': 'University of Calcutta', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01e7v7w47', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I106542073']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Basuray', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta 700 009, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I106542073']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2320, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2320, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.795, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.69126, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 79, 'max': 80}, 'biblio': {'volume': '88', 'issue': '2-3', 'first_page': '87', 'last_page': '90'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11697', 'display_name': 'Numerical Methods and Algorithms', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11697', 'display_name': 'Numerical Methods and Algorithms', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11245', 'display_name': 'Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques', 'score': 0.9743, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12661', 'display_name': 'Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Equations', 'score': 0.9612, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2612', 'display_name': 'Numerical Analysis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/decimal', 'display_name': 'Decimal', 'score': 0.9026152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carry', 'display_name': 'Carry (investment)', 'score': 0.80113816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-digit', 'display_name': 'Numerical digit', 'score': 0.77343184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution', 'display_name': 'Substitution (logic)', 'score': 0.7386271}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65045869', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81365', 'display_name': 'Decimal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9026152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94375191', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205', 'display_name': 'Arithmetic', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.8676019}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776299755', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449', 'display_name': 'Carry (investment)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.80113816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94957134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82990', 'display_name': 'Numerical digit', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77343184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778220771', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579', 'display_name': 'Substitution (logic)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7386271}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.60333765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35207975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06291133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90490-i', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186881120', 'display_name': 'Optics Communications', 'issn_l': '0030-4018', 'issn': ['0030-4018', '1873-0310'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 9, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1991172468', 'https://openalex.org/W1994744903', 'https://openalex.org/W2003761044', 'https://openalex.org/W2006302411', 'https://openalex.org/W2019751514', 'https://openalex.org/W2021347075', 'https://openalex.org/W2032128670', 'https://openalex.org/W2032924526', 'https://openalex.org/W2040010016'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3125602762', 'https://openalex.org/W2961151343', 'https://openalex.org/W2516369861', 'https://openalex.org/W2502533382', 'https://openalex.org/W2241940925', 'https://openalex.org/W2033157390', 'https://openalex.org/W2006517916', 'https://openalex.org/W1967012415', 'https://openalex.org/W177032641', 'https://openalex.org/W1561014704'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967012415', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T10:04:54.008762', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}