Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1976838083', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301493d', 'title': 'Expedient Synthesis of Electronically Modified Luciferins for Bioluminescence Imaging', 'display_name': 'Expedient Synthesis of Electronically Modified Luciferins for Bioluminescence Imaging', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-04-20', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1976838083', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301493d', 'mag': '1976838083', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22519459', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3613990'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301493d', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111155417', 'display_name': 'Journal of the American Chemical Society', 'issn_l': '0002-7863', 'issn': ['0002-7863', '1520-5126', '1943-2984'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3613990?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077285970', 'display_name': 'David C. McCutcheon', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204250578', 'display_name': 'University of California, Irvine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gyf1771', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David C. McCutcheon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080660770', 'display_name': 'Miranda A. Paley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-2572'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204250578', 'display_name': 'University of California, Irvine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gyf1771', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Miranda A. Paley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079165993', 'display_name': 'Rachel C. Steinhardt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-8468'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204250578', 'display_name': 'University of California, Irvine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gyf1771', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rachel C. Steinhardt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022073676', 'display_name': 'Jennifer A. Prescher', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-4702'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204250578', 'display_name': 'University of California, Irvine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gyf1771', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jennifer A. Prescher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, and §Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204250578']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.717, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 101, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999985, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '134', 'issue': '18', 'first_page': '7604', 'last_page': '7607'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12561', 'display_name': 'bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12561', 'display_name': 'bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12236', 'display_name': 'Photoreceptor and optogenetics research', 'score': 0.9594, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11393', 'display_name': 'Biosensors and Analytical Detection', 'score': 0.9402, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/luciferin', 'display_name': 'Luciferin', 'score': 0.9440583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bioluminescence-imaging', 'display_name': 'Bioluminescence imaging', 'score': 0.8382143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photoprotein', 'display_name': 'Photoprotein', 'score': 0.4352523}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-imaging', 'display_name': 'Molecular Imaging', 'score': 0.42528075}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C5176359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179924', 'display_name': 'Bioluminescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9574579}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781309008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369745', 'display_name': 'Luciferin', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.9440583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111335760', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95385166', 'display_name': 'Luciferase', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9189568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.86412656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161997846', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915066', 'display_name': 'Bioluminescence imaging', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.8382143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107477482', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22570039', 'display_name': 'Firefly protocol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6241443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777289219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154', 'display_name': 'Substrate (aquarium)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57160336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21951064', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212', 'display_name': 'Combinatorial chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50289243}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4614033}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17189327', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187889', 'display_name': 'Photoprotein', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4352523}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40875361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356542', 'display_name': 'Reagent', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42598787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136339569', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142297', 'display_name': 'Molecular imaging', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42528075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36978614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207001950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124', 'display_name': 'In vivo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.33553094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32831132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.089962184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90856448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431', 'display_name': 'Zoology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54009773', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031', 'display_name': 'Transfection', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D052160', 'descriptor_name': 'Benzothiazoles', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000138', 'qualifier_name': 'chemical synthesis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D048888', 'descriptor_name': 'Fireflies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000201', 'qualifier_name': 'enzymology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049409', 'descriptor_name': 'Luciferases, Firefly', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049408', 'descriptor_name': 'Luminescent Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057809', 'descriptor_name': 'HEK293 Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008163', 'descriptor_name': 'Luminescent Measurements', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301493d', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111155417', 'display_name': 'Journal of the American Chemical Society', 'issn_l': '0002-7863', 'issn': ['0002-7863', '1520-5126', '1943-2984'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3613990', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3613990?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613990', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22519459', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3613990', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3613990?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 26, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1585317376', 'https://openalex.org/W1970254639', 'https://openalex.org/W1972088519', 'https://openalex.org/W1978961146', 'https://openalex.org/W1980029809', 'https://openalex.org/W1980696951', 'https://openalex.org/W1982425210', 'https://openalex.org/W1998402764', 'https://openalex.org/W1998892616', 'https://openalex.org/W2008893017', 'https://openalex.org/W2020352977', 'https://openalex.org/W2021826994', 'https://openalex.org/W2030662014', 'https://openalex.org/W2044814377', 'https://openalex.org/W2049150145', 'https://openalex.org/W2049321630', 'https://openalex.org/W2069553052', 'https://openalex.org/W2076368562', 'https://openalex.org/W2092565842', 'https://openalex.org/W2102196789', 'https://openalex.org/W2120971070', 'https://openalex.org/W2141560453', 'https://openalex.org/W2168527374', 'https://openalex.org/W2318049947', 'https://openalex.org/W2326806903', 'https://openalex.org/W2951367408'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4249539192', 'https://openalex.org/W4205342580', 'https://openalex.org/W2768191019', 'https://openalex.org/W2425539341', 'https://openalex.org/W2412506486', 'https://openalex.org/W2105811188', 'https://openalex.org/W2096835136', 'https://openalex.org/W2082821741', 'https://openalex.org/W2006124160', 'https://openalex.org/W2000159979'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Bioluminescence': [0], 'imaging': [1, 87], 'with': [2, 27, 60, 65], 'luciferase': [3, 24], 'enzymes': [4], 'requires': [5], 'access': [6], 'to': [7, 17, 46], 'light-emitting,': [8], 'small-molecule': [9], 'luciferins.': [10, 98], 'Here,': [11], 'we': [12], 'describe': [13], 'a': [14, 28, 38, 51, 90], 'rapid': [15], 'method': [16], 'synthesize': [18], 'd-luciferin,': [19], 'the': [20, 56, 77], 'substrate': [21], 'for': [22, 85, 93], 'firefly': [23], '(Fluc),': [25], 'along': [26], 'novel': [29], 'set': [30], 'of': [31, 55, 79, 97], 'electronically': [32], 'modified': [33], 'analogues.': [34], 'Our': [35], 'procedure': [36], 'utilizes': [37], 'relatively': [39], 'rare,': [40], 'but': [41], 'synthetically': [42], 'useful': [43], 'dithiazolium': [44], 'reagent': [45], 'generate': [47], 'heteroaromatic': [48], 'scaffolds': [49], 'in': [50, 67, 70], 'divergent': [52], 'fashion.': [53], 'Two': [54], 'luciferin': [57], 'analogues': [58], 'produced': [59], 'this': [61], 'approach': [62], 'emit': [63], 'light': [64], 'Fluc': [66], 'vitro': [68], 'and': [69, 88], 'live': [71], 'cells.': [72], 'Collectively,': [73], 'our': [74], 'work': [75], 'increases': [76], 'number': [78], 'substrates': [80], 'that': [81], 'can': [82], 'be': [83], 'used': [84], 'bioluminescence': [86], 'provides': [89], 'general': [91], 'strategy': [92], 'synthesizing': [94], 'new': [95], 'collections': [96]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976838083', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T13:40:50.418635', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}