Thioredoxin Peroxidase Is a Novel Inhibitor of Apoptosis with a Mechanism Distinct from That of Bcl-2

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Ping Zhang; Bin Liu; San Won Kang; Min Seok Seo; Sue Goo Rhee; Lina M. Obeid
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'https://openalex.org/W2092642041', 'https://openalex.org/W2101647884', 'https://openalex.org/W2123791869', 'https://openalex.org/W2128016549', 'https://openalex.org/W2130866079', 'https://openalex.org/W2149967205', 'https://openalex.org/W2152719751', 'https://openalex.org/W2153579158', 'https://openalex.org/W2175835252', 'https://openalex.org/W2236241003', 'https://openalex.org/W2432662966'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W34494205', 'https://openalex.org/W3144058814', 'https://openalex.org/W2367785575', 'https://openalex.org/W2349346132', 'https://openalex.org/W2321985754', 'https://openalex.org/W2086365629', 'https://openalex.org/W2068146558', 'https://openalex.org/W2057585964', 'https://openalex.org/W2002716364', 'https://openalex.org/W1497764537'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Thioredoxin': [0, 143, 286], 'peroxidase': [1, 144, 287, 401, 413, 588, 595, 925, 1629, 2310, 2688, 3019, 3070, 3143], '(TPx)': [2, 145], 'is': [3, 51, 69, 91, 146, 194, 212, 234, 288, 527, 623, 660, 785, 2358, 2501, 2574, 2633, 2697, 2752, 3071, 3111, 3128, 3181, 3196, 3208, 3273, 3281, 3746, 3829, 3868, 3918], 'a': [4, 7, 40, 64, 147, 150, 183, 207, 289, 292, 354, 366, 400, 406, 528, 541, 602, 854, 1103, 1172, 1205, 1437, 1486, 1519, 1598, 1671, 1767, 2140, 2144, 2559, 2687, 2775, 3018, 3072, 3087, 3173, 3176, 3198, 3253, 3278, 3401, 3469, 3823, 3903, 3940, 3952], 'member': [5, 65, 148, 208, 290], 'of': [6, 11, 47, 66, 96, 126, 141, 149, 154, 190, 209, 239, 269, 284, 291, 294, 365, 624, 649, 652, 850, 932, 1060, 1086, 1092, 1174, 1193, 1207, 1230, 1255, 1287, 1366, 1398, 1461, 1469, 1477, 1591, 1608, 1642, 1661, 1673, 1675, 1729, 1753, 1873, 1915, 1947, 2099, 2113, 2151, 2213, 2267, 2375, 2410, 2417, 2499, 2545, 2555, 2583, 2754, 2757, 2759, 2789, 2815, 2848, 2858, 2865, 2871, 2924, 2927, 2952, 2958, 2967, 2995, 3024, 3038, 3059, 3075, 3095, 3098, 3100, 3113, 3145, 3203, 3258, 3285, 3360, 3392, 3407, 3431, 3479, 3705, 3825, 3908, 3922, 3946, 3977], 'newly': [8, 151], 'discovered': [9, 152, 297, 393], 'family': [10, 153, 293, 651], 'proteins': [12, 29, 155, 172, 295, 653], 'that': [13, 32, 58, 122, 156, 175, 201, 265, 394, 621, 787, 1246, 1680, 1770, 1857, 1932, 2338, 2345, 2476, 2513, 2573, 2649, 2680, 2694, 2749, 2767, 2844, 2883, 2915, 3011, 3066, 3080, 3105, 3122, 3172, 3202, 3242, 3255, 3438, 3712, 3897, 3915], 'are': [14, 30, 157, 173, 2094, 2111], 'conserved': [15, 158], 'from': [16, 78, 99, 131, 159, 221, 242, 274, 298, 548, 669, 678, 781, 792, 847, 965, 997, 1005, 1348, 1442, 1488, 1744, 1758, 1797, 1817, 1852, 1958, 1978, 2102, 2185, 2211, 2280, 2420, 2434, 2454, 2493, 2796, 2876, 2887, 2936, 3090, 3186, 3201, 3481], 'yeast': [17, 160, 299, 584], 'to': [18, 21, 39, 93, 101, 161, 164, 182, 236, 244, 345, 409, 462, 465, 499, 539, 592, 597, 606, 662, 778, 844, 921, 1498, 1659, 1670, 1705, 1709, 1718, 1724, 1756, 1762, 1774, 1803, 1814, 1862, 1876, 1910, 1912, 1923, 1940, 1962, 2148, 2182, 2193, 2202, 2264, 2272, 2275, 2307, 2317, 2324, 2360, 2372, 2422, 2440, 2467, 2509, 2518, 2535, 2576, 2641, 2654, 2661, 2689, 2765, 2802, 2811, 2874, 2934, 2942, 2955, 2973, 3001, 3020, 3041, 3130, 3140, 3190, 3211, 3275, 3314, 3357, 3423, 3445, 3748, 3831, 3926], 'mammals': [19, 162], 'and': [20, 103, 133, 163, 246, 276, 322, 359, 496, 537, 605, 783, 836, 957, 1022, 1070, 1083, 1115, 1154, 1202, 1217, 1235, 1295, 1307, 1313, 1361, 1389, 1395, 1456, 1464, 1496, 1586, 1604, 1610, 1685, 1690, 1937, 1951, 2134, 2207, 2216, 2472, 2534, 2580, 2693, 2792, 2810, 2868, 2999, 3052, 3057, 3092, 3147, 3165, 3213, 3272, 3320, 3426, 3488, 3585, 3660, 3822, 3974, 3985], 'which': [22, 165, 2529, 3441], 'natural': [23, 166, 445, 469, 503], 'killer': [24, 167, 446, 470, 504], 'enhancing': [25, 168, 447, 471, 505], 'factor': [26, 169, 472, 506, 530, 3247, 3254, 3309, 3318, 3475], 'belongs.': [27, 170], 'These': [28, 171, 917, 1929, 2746, 3008, 3160, 3383], 'antioxidants': [31, 174], 'function': [33, 46, 176, 189, 414, 648, 928, 2373, 2554, 2685, 3015, 3180], 'as': [34, 137, 177, 280, 399, 601, 929, 974, 1122, 1245, 1321, 1407, 1491, 1512, 1732, 1844, 1846, 1918, 1920, 1942, 1944, 2139, 2297, 2341, 2343, 2425, 2427, 2450, 2452, 2483, 2485, 2558, 2566, 2671, 2673, 2686, 2711, 2716, 2718, 2774, 2892, 2894, 3017, 3155, 3252, 3538, 3871, 3934], 'peroxidases': [35, 178], 'only': [36, 179], 'when': [37, 59, 180, 202, 613], 'coupled': [38, 181, 3385, 3930], 'sulfhydryl': [41, 184], 'reducing': [42, 185], 'system.': [43, 186], 'The': [44, 187, 433, 583, 647, 1475, 1663, 2408, 3948], 'physiological': [45, 188, 625], 'TPx': [48, 62, 87, 110, 191, 205, 230, 253, 436, 970, 1025, 1093, 1631, 1643, 1666, 1700, 1739, 1754, 1789, 1847, 1899, 1933, 1948, 1954, 1994, 2002, 2021, 2039, 2075, 2084, 2269, 2287, 2347, 2445, 2477, 2514, 2530, 2546, 2556, 2650, 2681, 2770, 2859, 2872, 2884, 2929, 2953, 2963, 2997, 3012, 3081, 3123, 3424, 3435, 3708, 3898, 3916, 3956], 'in': [49, 72, 108, 119, 128, 192, 215, 251, 262, 271, 348, 532, 654, 681, 859, 938, 951, 1072, 1178, 1240, 1284, 1363, 1466, 1588, 1707, 1722, 1760, 1801, 1860, 1908, 1921, 1960, 2109, 2130, 2143, 2191, 2277, 2299, 2304, 2311, 2336, 2377, 2415, 2438, 2465, 2490, 2506, 2520, 2569, 2659, 2700, 2713, 2919, 2940, 2961, 2971, 3027, 3109, 3135, 3151, 3157, 3183, 3188, 3216, 3354, 3400, 3404, 3476, 3496, 3924, 3939, 3958], 'cells': [50, 193, 536, 547, 616, 682, 780, 791, 846, 935, 1008, 1146, 1168, 1198, 1224, 1256, 1549, 1571, 1582, 1619, 1655, 1664, 1682, 1698, 1714, 1743, 1796, 1816, 1851, 1957, 1977, 2004, 2013, 2023, 2032, 2041, 2049, 2059, 2067, 2077, 2086, 2210, 2279, 2337, 2344, 2433, 2449, 2492, 2920, 3110, 3185, 3480], 'not': [52, 195, 1792, 1902, 2634, 2988, 3126], 'yet': [53, 196], 'known.': [54, 197], 'Here': [55, 198], 'we': [56, 199, 1638, 1869, 2319, 2540, 2948, 3048, 3064, 3078], 'demonstrate': [57, 200, 1931, 3049, 3065, 3079, 3104, 3171], 'the': [60, 129, 203, 272, 363, 466, 500, 1090, 1110, 1118, 1191, 1241, 1248, 1396, 1494, 1503, 1579, 1626, 1640, 1654, 1751, 1763, 1871, 1878, 1990, 2095, 2131, 2152, 2186, 2189, 2214, 2294, 2300, 2312, 2332, 2353, 2365, 2378, 2468, 2473, 2507, 2526, 2543, 2552, 2570, 2755, 2813, 2856, 2862, 2869, 2950, 2983, 2993, 3036, 3060, 3067, 3096, 3119, 3142, 3152, 3243, 3266, 3282, 3390, 3405, 3418, 3429, 3432, 3477, 3706, 3740, 3978], 'human': [61, 204, 533, 3267, 3283, 3707], 'II,': [63, 88, 111, 206, 231, 254, 1094, 1790, 1900], 'this': [67, 210, 360, 395, 650, 2265, 2511, 2521, 2537, 2990, 3046, 3206, 3474], 'family,': [68, 211], 'stably': [70, 213, 1615], 'overexpressed': [71, 214], 'Molt-4': [73, 216, 934, 1007, 1617], 'leukemia': [74, 217, 1618], 'cells,': [75, 120, 218, 263, 655], 'it': [76, 104, 123, 219, 247, 266, 391, 622, 784, 1938, 2135, 2283, 2632, 2638, 2777, 3713, 3938], 'protects': [77, 220, 1956, 1976], 'apoptosis': [79, 132, 222, 275, 1730, 1759, 1779, 1818, 1950, 1959, 1979, 2533, 2584, 2809, 2890, 3187, 3323, 3393, 3923, 3961], 'induced': [80, 223, 664, 1717, 1980, 3005, 3447, 3962], 'by': [81, 224, 353, 599, 609, 665, 683, 1014, 1266, 1276, 1318, 1403, 1458, 1493, 1502, 1522, 1688, 1778, 1867, 1981, 2528, 2709, 2720, 2785, 3034, 3086, 3262, 3265, 3394, 3448, 3483, 3490, 3873, 3963], 'serum': [82, 225, 946, 1143, 1157, 1179, 1510, 1694, 1710, 1916, 1963, 2005, 2014, 2024, 2033, 2042, 2050, 2662], 'deprivation,': [83, 226, 1695], 'ceramide,': [84, 227, 1194], 'or': [85, 228, 405, 673, 677, 1196, 1559, 1623, 1970, 2292, 2642], 'etoposide.': [86, 229], 'like': [89, 232, 3277], 'Bcl-2,': [90, 113, 233, 256, 2318, 2431, 2539], 'able': [92, 235, 2359, 2653, 2933, 3129], 'inhibit': [94, 237, 2656, 2989, 3002, 3021, 3315], 'release': [95, 238, 2206, 2330, 2363, 2416, 2437, 2456, 2464, 2498, 2788, 2909, 2939, 3150], 'cytochrome': [97, 240, 2204, 2418, 2435, 2494, 2790, 2907, 2937, 3114, 3148], 'c': [98, 241, 1440, 2125, 2180, 2205, 2329, 2419, 2436, 2495, 2791, 2908, 2938, 3115, 3149], 'mitochondria': [100, 243, 2187, 2421], 'cytosol,': [102, 245, 2366], 'inhibits': [105, 248, 1935, 2532, 3083], 'lipid': [106, 249, 1479, 2549, 2657, 2691, 2695, 2704, 2750, 2779], 'peroxidation': [107, 250, 2562, 2658, 2692, 2696, 2705, 2751, 2780], 'cells.': [109, 252, 2962, 3136], 'unlike': [112, 255], 'could': [114, 257, 926, 3900], 'prevent': [115, 258, 2690, 2812, 3131], 'hydrogen': [116, 259, 594, 674, 2805, 2817, 2866, 2877, 2888, 2900, 2916, 2943, 2959, 2969, 2974, 3003, 3106, 3132], 'peroxide': [117, 260, 675, 2806, 2818, 2867, 2901, 2917, 2944, 2960, 2970, 2975, 3004, 3107, 3133], 'accumulation': [118, 261, 2807, 2864, 2957, 2966, 2991, 3023, 3134], 'suggesting': [121, 264, 620, 853, 2843], 'functions': [124, 267, 2516, 2846, 3031], 'upstream': [125, 268, 2374, 2923, 3094, 3112, 3144], 'Bcl-2': [127, 270, 774, 788, 1809, 1842, 1975, 2197, 2276, 2298, 2340, 2376, 2453, 2486, 2519, 2710, 2798, 2845, 2895, 2986, 3000, 3030, 3091, 3127, 3146], 'protection': [130, 273, 361, 3195, 3391, 3478], 'may': [134, 277, 2772, 2921, 3014], 'be': [135, 278, 346, 463, 540, 663, 1941, 2183, 2922, 3446, 3901], 'implicated': [136, 279, 2129, 2565, 3353, 3495], 'an': [138, 281, 930, 952, 2305, 2503, 2567, 2698, 2849, 3919, 3935], 'endogenous': [139, 282, 2968], 'regulator': [140, 283], 'apoptosis.': [142, 285, 933, 1662, 1676, 1854, 2879, 2928, 3076, 3408, 3947], 'initially': [296], '(1Kim': [300, 368], 'K.': [301, 327, 369, 632, 1033, 1414, 2224, 3339, 3369, 3764, 3848], 'Kim': [302, 326, 370, 515, 569, 629, 631, 1415, 2157, 2225, 3457], 'I.H.': [303, 325, 371, 630], 'Lee': [304, 372, 896], 'K.Y.': [305, 373], 'Rhee': [306, 328, 374, 419, 483, 633, 980, 1040, 1128, 3223, 3689, 3726, 3884], 'S.G.': [307, 329, 375, 420, 484, 634, 981, 1041, 1129, 3224, 3690, 3727, 3885], 'Stadtman': [308, 376], 'E.R.': [309, 377, 887, 3684], 'J.': [310, 378, 421, 635, 733, 982, 1130, 1328, 1336, 1410, 2160, 2220, 2382, 3225, 3342, 3365, 3557, 3756, 3782, 3802], 'Biol.': [311, 379, 422, 636, 764, 983, 1131, 3226, 3524], 'Chem.': [312, 380, 423, 637, 984, 1132, 3227], '1988;': [313, 381], '263:': [314, 382], '4704-4711Abstract': [315, 383], 'Full': [316, 384, 427, 641, 988, 1136, 1540, 2169, 2171, 2599, 2738, 3231, 3514, 3637], 'Text': [317, 385, 428, 642, 989, 1137, 1541, 2170, 2172, 2600, 2739, 3232, 3515, 3638], 'PDF': [318, 386, 429, 643, 990, 1138, 1542, 2173, 2601, 2740, 3233, 3516, 3639], 'PubMed': [319, 340, 387, 430, 491, 521, 562, 578, 644, 696, 718, 739, 769, 809, 830, 877, 912, 991, 1052, 1139, 1340, 1431, 1543, 1833, 2174, 2241, 2258, 2403, 2602, 2626, 2741, 2838, 3234, 3301, 3380, 3463, 3517, 3529, 3550, 3564, 3580, 3640, 3655, 3678, 3697, 3734, 3817, 3862, 3892], 'Google': [320, 343, 388, 431, 494, 524, 565, 581, 645, 699, 721, 742, 772, 812, 833, 880, 915, 992, 1055, 1140, 1343, 1434, 1546, 1787, 1836, 1897, 2177, 2244, 2261, 2406, 2605, 2629, 2744, 2841, 3235, 3304, 3347, 3381, 3466, 3518, 3532, 3553, 3567, 3583, 3596, 3621, 3641, 3658, 3681, 3700, 3737, 3820, 3865, 3895], 'Scholar)': [321, 344, 495, 1344, 1435, 3584], 'rat': [323], '(2Kim': [324], 'Proc.': [330, 867, 902, 1042, 2393, 3668], 'Natl.': [331, 868, 903, 1043, 2394, 3669], 'Acad.': [332, 869, 904, 1044, 2395, 3670], 'Sci.': [333, 870, 905, 1045, 2396, 3671], 'U.': [334, 871, 906, 1046, 2397, 3672], 'S.': [335, 614, 712, 747, 872, 883, 893, 907, 1047, 1781, 1885, 2398, 3331, 3335, 3608, 3673, 3766, 3776, 3842], 'A.': [336, 516, 570, 873, 908, 1048, 2399, 3333, 3337, 3341, 3458, 3674], '1989;': [337, 1784, 3547], '86:': [338, 2167], '6018-6122Crossref': [339], 'Scopus': [341, 492, 522, 563, 579, 697, 719, 740, 770, 810, 831, 878, 913, 1053, 1341, 1432, 1544, 1834, 2175, 2242, 2259, 2404, 2603, 2627, 2742, 2839, 3302, 3464, 3530, 3551, 3565, 3581, 3656, 3679, 3698, 3735, 3818, 3863, 3893], '(131)': [342], 'important': [347, 3166], 'protecting': [349, 544, 1850, 2278, 2491, 3184], 'glutamate': [350], 'synthetase': [351], 'oxidation': [352, 857], 'metal': [355], 'ion': [356], 'catalyzed': [357], 'reaction,': [358], 'required': [362, 2142], 'presence': [364], 'thiol': [367], 'Scholar).': [389, 432, 525, 582, 646, 773, 834, 916, 993, 1056, 1141, 1547, 1788, 1837, 1898, 2178, 2262, 2407, 2745, 3236, 3305, 3348, 3382, 3701, 3738, 3866], 'Later': [390], 'was': [392, 963, 972, 996, 1003, 1063, 1264, 1393, 1516, 1843, 1865, 2284, 2334, 2482, 2652, 2706, 2793, 2902, 2931, 3249], 'protein': [396, 1630, 1645, 3068, 3174, 3207], 'indeed': [397, 2683], 'acts': [398], 'but': [402, 1791, 1901, 2631, 3125], 'requires': [403], 'thioredoxin': [404, 442, 587, 924, 1628, 2309, 3069, 3212, 3214, 3286, 3395], 'thiol-containing': [407], 'intermediate': [408, 2568, 2699], 'carry': [410], 'on': [411, 1102, 1949, 2548, 2819, 2861, 3389, 3715], 'its': [412, 2322, 3932], '(3Chae': [415, 976, 1124, 3219], 'H.Z.': [416, 482, 628, 977, 1125, 3220, 3725, 3883], 'Chung': [417, 978, 1126, 3221], 'S.J.': [418, 804, 815, 979, 1127, 1535, 1828, 2594, 2733, 2823, 3222], '1994;': [424, 518, 575, 693, 985, 1049, 1133, 3228, 3298, 3460, 3526, 3814], '269:': [425, 986, 1134, 3229], '27670-27678Abstract': [426, 987, 1135, 3230], 'gene': [434, 467, 501, 3433, 3710, 3744, 3905], 'encoding': [435, 468, 502, 1625, 3434, 3439], '1The': [437], 'abbreviations': [438], 'used': [439], 'are:': [440], 'TPx,': [441], 'peroxidase;': [443], 'NKEF,': [444, 3440], 'factor;': [448], 'PARP,': [449], 'poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase;': [450], 'FBS,': [451, 1077], 'fetal': [452, 944], 'bovine': [453, 945, 1509], 'serum;': [454], 'PBS,': [455, 1282], 'phosphate-buffered': [456, 1151], 'saline.': [457], 'II': [458, 971, 1026, 1113, 1644, 1667, 1701, 1740, 1755, 1848, 1934, 1955, 1995, 2003, 2022, 2040, 2076, 2085, 2270, 2288, 2446, 2478, 2515, 2531, 2547, 2557, 2651, 2682, 2771, 2860, 2873, 2885, 2930, 2954, 2964, 2998, 3013, 3082, 3124, 3399, 3425, 3436, 3709, 3899, 3957], 'has': [459, 589, 775, 1771, 1810, 2126, 2136, 2198, 2369, 2563, 2799, 3238, 3310, 3350, 3442], 'been': [460, 590, 776, 841, 1772, 1811, 2128, 2137, 2200, 2370, 2564, 2800, 3240, 3312, 3352, 3443, 3494], 'demonstrated': [461, 591, 777, 843, 1639, 1773, 2201, 2371, 2712, 2801, 3241, 3313, 3711], 'identical': [464], 'B': [473], '(NKEF-B)': [474], '(4Pahl': [475, 3718, 3876], 'P.': [476, 895, 3589, 3719, 3772, 3784, 3877], 'Berger': [477, 3720, 3878], 'R.': [478, 514, 761, 889, 2162, 3456, 3646, 3649, 3721, 3752, 3794, 3879], 'Hart': [479, 3722, 3880], 'I.': [480, 3159, 3412, 3521, 3723, 3881], 'Chae': [481, 3724, 3882], 'Patterson': [485, 3728, 3886], 'D.': [486, 755, 759, 796, 1820, 2610, 3729, 3760, 3770, 3887], 'Genomics.': [487, 3730, 3888], '1995;': [488, 715, 827, 909, 2623, 2835, 3561, 3731, 3889], '26:': [489, 3732, 3890], '602-606Crossref': [490, 3733, 3891], '(24)': [493, 3736, 3894], 'highly': [497], 'homologous': [498], 'A': [507, 1057, 1678, 2881, 3413], '(NKEF-A)': [508], '(5Shau': [509, 3451], 'H.': [510, 552, 568, 732, 899, 3327, 3329, 3452, 3780], 'Butterfield': [511, 3453], 'L.H.': [512, 3454], 'Chiu': [513, 3455], 'Immumogenetics.': [517, 3459], '40:': [519, 3461], '129-134Crossref': [520, 3462], '(119)': [523, 3465], 'NKEF': [526], 'cytosolic': [529, 1399], 'found': [531], 'red': [534, 545], 'blood': [535, 546], 'thought': [538, 786, 2575, 3274], 'major': [542], 'antioxidant': [543], 'oxidative': [549, 618, 666, 793, 2851, 3449, 3484, 3964], 'injury': [550], '(6Shau': [551], 'Gupta': [553], 'R.K.': [554], 'Golub': [555], 'S.H.': [556, 1883], 'Cell.': [557, 1536, 2165, 2595, 2734], 'Immunol.': [558, 3343], '1993;': [559, 638, 874, 1537, 1894, 2596, 2735, 3511, 3634, 3675, 3694], '147:': [560, 3345], '1-11Crossref': [561], '(134)': [564], 'Scholar,': [566, 700, 722, 743, 813, 881, 2245, 2606, 3519, 3568, 3642, 3682], '7Shau': [567], 'Biochem.': [571, 734, 1335], 'Biophys.': [572, 825, 2833, 3296], 'Res.': [573, 692, 1783, 1893], 'Commun.': [574], '199:': [576], '83-88Crossref': [577], '(63)': [580], 'Saccharomyces': [585], 'cerevisiae': [586, 615], 'have': [593, 839, 3162, 3493], 'function,': [596], 'act': [598, 2273, 2773, 3276], 'dimerization': [600], 'thio-specific': [603], 'antioxidant,': [604, 3936], 'increase': [607], '2–3-fold': [608], 'Western': [610, 1107, 1319, 1404, 1647], 'blot': [611, 1320, 1405, 1648], 'determination': [612], 'undergo': [617, 1719], 'stress,': [619], 'importance': [626], '(8Chae': [627], '268:': [639], '16815-16821Abstract': [640], 'however,': [656, 2282], 'remains': [657], 'unknown.': [658], 'Apoptosis': [659], 'known': [661, 1727], 'damage': [667, 3489], 'either': [668], 'oxygen': [670, 3192], 'free': [671, 1158, 1180, 2146, 3491], 'radicals': [672, 3492], 'directly': [676, 3016], 'their': [679, 1657], 'generation': [680, 2918, 3108], 'injurious': [684], 'agents': [685, 3359], '(9Sarafian': [686], 'T.A.': [687], 'Bredesen': [688, 900], 'D.E.': [689, 901, 3602, 3810], 'Free': [690, 762, 3522], 'Radical': [691, 763, 3523], '21:': [694], '1-8Crossref': [695], '(186)': [698], '10Slater': [701], 'A.F.': [702], 'Stefan': [703], 'C.': [704, 706, 800, 1824, 2388, 3796], 'Nobel': [705], 'Van': [707], 'Den': [708], 'Dobbelsteen': [709], 'D.J.': [710, 821, 2829], 'Orrenius': [711], 'Toxicol.': [713, 3576, 3691], 'Lett.': [714, 2622, 3651], '82–83:': [716], '149-153Crossref': [717], '(284)': [720], '11Satch': [723], 'T.': [724, 3373, 3768], 'Sakai': [725], 'N.': [726, 2384, 3507, 3630, 3762], 'Enokido': [727], 'Y.': [728, 730, 1887, 3758], 'Uchiyama': [729], 'Hatanaka': [731], '(Tokyo).': [735], '1996;': [736, 1337, 2166, 2400, 3577, 3593, 3618], '120:': [737], '540-546Crossref': [738], '(145)': [741], '12Dobmeyer': [744], 'T.S.': [745], 'Findhammer': [746], 'Dobmeyer': [748], 'J.M.': [749, 3856], 'Klein': [750], 'S.A.': [751], 'Raffel': [752], 'B.': [753], 'Hoelzer': [754], 'Helm': [756], 'E.B.': [757, 885, 3612], 'Kabelitz': [758], 'Rossol': [760], 'Med.': [765, 3510, 3525, 3545, 3633], '1997;': [766, 1428, 2238, 2255, 3377, 3652], '22:': [767], '775-785Crossref': [768], '(105)': [771], 'protect': [779, 790, 845, 1757, 1815, 2875, 2935], 'apoptosis,': [782, 851, 1868, 1936, 2510, 3028], 'can': [789, 2684], 'stress': [794, 3450, 3487], '(13Hockenbery': [795, 1819], 'Nunez': [797, 1821], 'G.': [798, 1037, 1039, 1822, 3294, 3774], 'Milliman': [799, 1532, 1823, 2591, 2730], 'Schreiber': [801, 1825], 'R.D.': [802, 1826], 'Korsmeyer': [803, 1534, 1827, 2593, 2732], 'Nature.': [805, 1829, 3560], '1990;': [806, 1830], '348:': [807, 1831], '334-336Crossref': [808, 1832], '(3544)': [811, 1835], '14Korsmeyer': [814], 'Yin': [816, 1530, 2589, 2728, 2824], 'X.-M.': [817, 2825], 'Oltvai': [818, 1528, 2587, 2726, 2826], 'Z.N.': [819, 1529, 2588, 2727, 2827], 'Veis-Novack': [820, 2828], 'Linette': [822, 2830], 'G.P.': [823, 2831], 'Biochim.': [824, 2832, 3295], 'Acta.': [826, 2834, 3297], '1271:': [828, 2836], '63-66Crossref': [829, 2837], '(256)': [832, 2840], 'Catalase': [835], 'superoxide': [837], 'dismutase': [838], 'also': [840, 927, 1749, 2447, 2461, 2707, 2932, 3103, 3351, 3950, 3981], 'extensively': [842], 'different': [848, 3928], 'inducers': [849, 1660, 1674, 1728, 1864, 1875], 'again': [852, 1741], 'role': [855, 3472, 3933, 3954], 'for': [856, 1233, 1237, 1247, 1259, 1309, 1564, 1635, 1656, 1989, 2007, 2016, 2026, 2035, 2044, 2052, 3416, 3473, 3906, 3943, 3955, 3971, 3988], 'products': [858], 'regulating': [860], 'cell': [861, 1096, 1720, 1746, 1776, 1799, 1858, 2145, 2217, 2701, 2820, 3006, 3043, 3084, 3362], 'death': [862, 1706, 1721, 1777, 1800, 1859, 1879, 2218, 2821, 3085, 3482], '(15Sandstrom': [863], 'P.A.': [864, 3790], 'Buttke': [865, 2619], 'T.M.': [866, 2618, 2620, 3667], '90:': [875, 3676], '4708-4712Crossref': [876], '(188)': [879], '16Rabizadeh': [882], 'Gralla': [884, 3611], 'Borchelt': [886], 'Gwinn': [888], 'Valentine': [890, 3615], 'J.S.': [891, 3616], 'Sisodia': [892], 'Wong': [894], 'M.': [897, 3325, 3367, 3371, 3375, 3505, 3604, 3628], 'Hahn': [898], '92:': [910], '3024-3028Crossref': [911], '(328)': [914], 'considerations': [918], 'prompted': [919], 'us': [920, 2766, 3139], 'investigate': [922], 'whether': [923], 'inhibitor': [931, 3074, 3921], 'were': [936, 1012, 1100, 1147, 1169, 1199, 1225, 1257, 1274, 1316, 1355, 1401, 1451, 1482, 1553, 1572, 1583, 1595, 1668, 1683, 1702, 1715, 1988], 'maintained': [937, 1071], 'RPMI': [939, 1073, 1159, 1181, 1212], '1640': [940, 1074, 1160, 1182, 1213], 'supplemented': [941], 'with': [942, 1016, 1021, 1065, 1109, 1117, 1150, 1156, 1211, 1227, 1280, 1301, 1358, 1454, 1485, 1555, 1574, 1602, 1620, 2061, 2069, 2079, 2088, 2315, 2538, 3175, 3386, 3421, 3437, 3931], '10%': [943, 1076], '(FBS)': [947], 'at': [948, 1171, 1567, 1849, 2293, 2781, 2905, 3197], '37': [949, 1568], '°C': [950], 'environment': [953], 'containing': [954, 1075, 1161, 1183, 1214, 1289, 1372], '5%': [955], 'CO2': [956], '95%': [958], 'air.': [959], 'Monoclonal': [960], 'anti-cytochrome': [961, 1439], 'cantibody': [962], 'purchased': [964], 'Pharmagen.': [966], 'Polyclonal': [967], 'antibody': [968, 1441], 'against': [969], 'prepared': [973], 'described': [975, 1123, 1322, 1408, 1492, 1521, 3251], '2,7-Dichloro-fluorescin': [994], 'diacetate': [995, 1563], 'Molecular': [998], 'Probes': [999], '(Eugene,': [1000], 'OR).': [1001], 'Etoposide': [1002], 'obtained': [1004], 'Sigma.': [1006], '(3': [1009], '×': [1010, 1176, 1209, 1272, 1303, 1449, 1551], '107/ml)': [1011], 'transfected': [1013, 1616], 'electroporation': [1015], 'PCRTM': [1017], '3.1-Uni': [1018], 'vector': [1019, 1621, 1793, 2012, 2031, 2048, 2058, 2066], '(Invitrogen)': [1020], 'without': [1023], 'full-length': [1024], 'DNA': [1027, 2578], '(10': [1028, 1098], 'μg)': [1029], '(17Chae': [1030], 'H,Z.': [1031], 'Robison': [1032], 'Poole': [1034], 'L.B.': [1035], 'Church': [1036], 'Storz': [1038], '91:': [1050], '7017-7021Crossref': [1051], '(706)': [1054], 'heterogeneous': [1058], 'population': [1059], 'positive': [1061], 'clones': [1062], 'selected': [1064], 'G418': [1066], '(Life': [1067], 'Technologies,': [1068], 'Inc.)': [1069], '25': [1078, 1162, 1184, 1218], 'mm': [1079, 1163, 1185, 1219, 1291, 1297, 1368, 1374, 1377, 1380, 1383, 1386, 1471], 'HEPES,': [1080, 1164, 1186, 1220, 1369], 'pH': [1081, 1165, 1187, 1221, 1370, 1473], '7.4,': [1082], '0.5': [1084], 'mg/ml': [1085], 'G418.': [1087], 'To': [1088, 1189, 1855, 2523], 'determine': [1089], 'expression': [1091], 'whole': [1095], 'extracts': [1097], 'μg/lane)': [1099], 'separated': [1101], '12%': [1104], 'SDS-polyacrylamide': [1105], 'gel,': [1106], 'blotted': [1108], 'polyclonal': [1111], 'anti-TPx': [1112], 'antibody,': [1114], 'visualized': [1116], 'ECL': [1119], 'reagents': [1120], '(Amersham)': [1121], 'For': [1142], 'deprivation': [1144, 1917, 1964, 2663], 'experiments,': [1145], 'washed': [1148, 1200, 1356, 1452, 1584], 'twice': [1149, 1357, 1453, 1585], 'saline': [1152], '(PBS)': [1153], 'once': [1155, 1201, 1279], '7.5.': [1166, 1188, 1222], 'Washed': [1167], 'seeded': [1170, 1203], 'density': [1173, 1206], '5': [1175, 1208, 1302, 1379, 1382, 1589, 2897, 2911, 2978], '105/ml': [1177], 'study': [1190, 3047], 'effects': [1192, 2544, 2814, 2857], 'etoposide,': [1195, 1766, 2471], 'H2O2,': [1197], '(at': [1204], '105/ml)': [1210], '2%': [1215], 'FBS': [1216], 'Control': [1223], 'treated': [1226, 1573, 2060, 2068, 2078, 2087], 'appropriate': [1228], 'amounts': [1229, 1476], 'vehicle': [1231, 1556], '(ethanol': [1232], 'ceramide': [1234, 1733, 1924, 1982, 2355, 2368, 2441, 2667], 'Me2SO': [1236, 1557], 'etoposide)': [1238], 'diluted': [1239, 1300], 'same': [1242, 2295], 'culture': [1243], 'medium': [1244], 'drugs.': [1249], 'At': [1250, 1578], 'desired': [1251], 'timed': [1252], 'intervals,': [1253], 'aliquots': [1254], 'removed': [1258], 'various': [1260], 'assays.': [1261], 'Cell': [1262], 'viability': [1263], 'assessed': [1265], 'trypan': [1267], 'blue': [1268], 'exclusion.': [1269], 'Cells': [1270, 1354, 1447, 1594], '(5': [1271, 1448, 1550], '106)': [1273, 1450, 1552], 'pelleted': [1275], 'centrifugation,': [1277], 'rinsed': [1278], 'ice-cold': [1281, 1359], 'resuspended': [1283, 1362, 1587], '100': [1285, 1364], 'μl': [1286, 1365, 1468], 'PBS': [1288, 1360, 1455, 1592], '1': [1290, 1293, 1296, 1565], 'EDTA,': [1292, 1381], 'mmEGTA,': [1294], 'phenylmethylsulfonyl': [1298, 1387], 'fluoride,': [1299, 1388], 'SDS': [1304], 'sample': [1305], 'buffer,': [1306], 'boiled': [1308], '10': [1310, 1373], 'min.': [1311], 'Intact': [1312], 'cleaved': [1314], 'PARP': [1315, 1881, 1906, 1952, 1997, 2106], 'detected': [1317], '(18Smyth': [1323], 'M.J.': [1324], 'Perry': [1325], 'D.K.': [1326], 'Zhang': [1327], 'Poirier': [1329, 1890], 'G.G.': [1330, 1891], 'Hannun': [1331, 2391, 3970], 'Y.A.': [1332, 2392], 'Obeid': [1333, 2389], 'L.M.': [1334, 2390, 3614], '316:': [1338], '25-28Crossref': [1339], '(198)': [1342], 'using': [1345, 1436, 1508, 1597, 1646], 'anti-PARP': [1346], 'anti-serum': [1347], 'Enzyme': [1349], 'System': [1350], 'Products': [1351], '(Dublin,': [1352], 'CA).': [1353, 1446], '20': [1367], '7.5,': [1371], 'KCl,': [1375], '1.5': [1376], 'MgCl2,': [1378], 'dithiothreitol,': [1384], '2': [1385, 1736, 1807, 1927, 2428], '250': [1390], 'mmsucrose.': [1391], 'Cytosol': [1392], 'prepared,': [1394], 'levels': [1397], 'cytochromec': [1400, 2326, 2362, 2455, 2463, 2500], 'determined': [1402, 1483, 1501, 1517], 'exactly': [1406, 1490], '(19Yang': [1409, 2219], 'Liu': [1411, 2221], 'X.S.': [1412, 2222], 'Bhalla': [1413, 2223], 'C.N.': [1416, 2158, 2226, 3686], 'Ibrado': [1417, 2227], 'A.M.': [1418, 2228, 3846], 'Cai': [1419, 2229], 'J.Y.': [1420, 2230], 'Peng': [1421, 2231], 'T.I.': [1422, 2232], 'Jones': [1423, 2233], 'D.P.': [1424, 2234], 'Wang': [1425, 2163, 2235], 'X.D.': [1426, 2236], 'Science.': [1427, 2237, 2254, 3813], '275:': [1429, 2239, 2256], '1129-1132Crossref': [1430, 2240], '(4422)': [1433, 2243], 'monoclonal': [1438], 'PharMingen': [1443], '(San': [1444], 'Diego,': [1445], 'lysed': [1457], 'three': [1459, 2103, 2114], 'cycles': [1460], 'repeated': [1462], 'freezing': [1463], 'thaw': [1465], '300': [1467], '200': [1470], 'Tris-HCl,': [1472], '7.4.': [1474], 'representative': [1478, 2112], 'peroxide,': [1480], 'malonaldehyde,': [1481], 'spectrophotometrically': [1484], 'kit': [1487], 'Calbiochem': [1489], 'manufacturer': [1495], 'normalized': [1497], 'total': [1499], 'protein,': [1500], 'Bio-Rad': [1504], 'dye': [1505], 'binding': [1506], 'assay': [1507], 'albumin': [1511], 'standard.': [1513], 'Cellular': [1514], 'H2O2': [1515, 1575], 'following': [1518, 1693], 'protocol': [1520], 'Hockenbery': [1523, 2721], 'et': [1524, 2722], 'al.': [1525, 2723, 3875], '(20Hockenbery': [1526, 2585, 2724], 'D.M.': [1527, 2586, 2616, 2725], 'X.M.': [1531, 2590, 2729], 'C.L.': [1533, 2592, 2731], '75:': [1538, 2597, 2736], '241-251Abstract': [1539, 2598, 2737], '(3297)': [1545, 2604, 2743], 'Briefly,': [1548], 'loaded': [1554], '(0.05%)': [1558], '50': [1560], 'μm': [1561], '2,7-dichloro-fluorescin': [1562], 'h': [1566, 1692, 1914], '°C.': [1569], 'Afterward,': [1570], '(80': [1576], 'μm).': [1577, 2091], 'indicated': [1580, 1991, 2764], 'time,': [1581], 'ml': [1590], 'buffer.': [1593], 'analyzed': [1596], 'Becton': [1599], 'Dickson': [1600], 'fluorophotometer': [1601], 'excitation': [1603], 'emission': [1605], 'wavelength': [1606], 'settings': [1607], '495': [1609], '525': [1611], 'nm,': [1612], 'respectively.': [1613], 'We': [1614, 1651, 1748, 2349, 2460, 3102, 3966, 3980], 'control': [1622, 1903], 'cDNA': [1624], 'mammalian': [1627], 'II.': [1632, 2348], 'After': [1633], 'selection': [1634], 'stable': [1636], 'transfectants,': [1637], 'overexpression': [1641], 'analysis': [1649], '(Fig.1).': [1650], 'next': [1652, 2320, 2541], 'evaluated': [1653, 1870, 2321, 2335, 2351, 2542, 2855, 2949], 'sensitivity': [1658], 'overexpressing': [1665, 1699], 'resistant': [1669, 1704], 'variety': [1672], 'Fig.2': [1677, 1839], 'demonstrates': [1679], 'vector-transfected': [1681, 1713], '∼25': [1684], '∼40%': [1686], 'dead': [1687], '24': [1689, 2008, 2017], '48': [1691, 2027, 2036], 'respectively,': [1696], 'whereas': [1697, 1738, 3029], 'significantly': [1703], 'response': [1708, 1723, 1761, 1802, 1861, 1909, 1922, 1961, 2192, 2439, 2466, 2660, 2941, 2972, 3189, 3925], 'deprivation.': [1711], 'Similarly,': [1712], 'easily': [1716], 'other': [1725, 2984], 'well': [1726, 1812, 1919, 2342, 2672, 2717, 2893], 'such': [1731, 3537], 'treatment': [1734, 1805, 1925, 2976], '(Fig.': [1735, 1806, 1926, 2457, 2479, 2487, 2664, 2668, 2675, 2896, 2910, 2977], 'B),': [1737], 'protected': [1742, 1795, 2432, 2448, 2886], 'ceramide-induced': [1745, 1853], 'death.': [1747, 2702, 3007, 3044], 'tested': [1750], 'ability': [1752, 1872, 2323, 2870, 2951, 2994, 3037], 'pharmacologic': [1764], 'agent,': [1765], 'chemotherapeutic': [1768, 2469, 3358], 'agent': [1769, 2470], 'induce': [1775, 2149, 2361, 3042], '(21Kaufmann': [1780], 'Cancer': [1782, 1892], '49:': [1785], '5870-5878PubMed': [1786], 'control,': [1794], 'undergoing': [1798], 'etoposide': [1804, 1971, 2674], 'C).': [1808, 2946], 'documented': [1813], 'As': [1838], 'D': [1840, 2715], 'demonstrates,': [1841], 'effective': [1845, 1943, 2484, 3920], 'confirm': [1856], 'these': [1863, 1874, 2762, 3039, 3169, 3909], 'occurring': [1866], 'cleave': [1877], 'substrate': [1880], '(22Kaufmann': [1882], 'Desnoyers': [1884], 'Ottaviano': [1886], 'Davidson': [1888], 'N.E.': [1889], '53:': [1895], '3976-3985PubMed': [1896], 'vector,': [1904], 'inhibited': [1905, 1996, 2708, 2778, 2965], 'cleavage': [1907], 'up': [1911], '72': [1913, 2045, 2053], 'E).': [1928], 'studies': [1930, 3161], 'appears': [1939, 2181], 'Bcl-2.Figure': [1945], '2Effect': [1946], 'cleavage.': [1953], '(A),': [1965], 'C6-ceramide': [1966, 2070, 2089, 2357, 2411], '(20': [1967, 1983, 2071, 2090, 2412], 'μm)': [1968, 1973, 1984, 2413], '(B),': [1969], '(40': [1972], '(C);': [1974], '(D).': [1985], 'All': [1986], 'treatments': [1987], 'times.': [1992], 'E,': [1993], 'cleavage.Top': [1998], 'panel,': [1999, 2055], 'lane': [2000, 2010, 2019, 2029, 2056, 2064, 2073, 2082], '1,': [2001, 2057, 3271], 'deprived': [2006, 2015, 2025, 2034, 2043, 2051], 'h;': [2009, 2018, 2028], '2,': [2011, 2065], '3,': [2020, 2074], '4,': [2030, 2083], 'h;lane': [2037, 2046], '5,': [2038], '6,': [2047], 'h.Bottom': [2054], 'ethanol': [2062, 2080], '(0.1%);': [2063, 2081], 'μm);': [2072], 'Results': [2092], 'inA–D': [2093], 'means': [2096], '±': [2097], 'S.D.': [2098], 'duplicate': [2100], 'determinations': [2101], 'separate': [2104], 'experiments.': [2105], 'data': [2107, 3170, 3388, 3914], 'shown': [2108, 3444], 'E': [2110], 'experiments.View': [2115], 'Large': [2116], 'Image': [2117], 'Figure': [2118], 'ViewerDownload': [2119], 'Hi-res': [2120], 'image': [2121], 'Download': [2122], '(PPT)': [2123], 'Cytochrome': [2124, 2179, 2328], 'recently': [2127, 2199, 3239, 3311], 'apoptotic': [2132, 2195, 2301, 2313, 2379, 2571, 3061, 3153, 3419], 'process,': [2133], 'identified': [2138], 'component': [2141], 'system': [2147], 'activation': [2150, 2212], 'protease': [2153], 'cascade': [2154], '(23Liu': [2155], 'X.': [2156, 2164], 'Yang': [2159], 'Jemmerson': [2161], '147-157Abstract': [2168], '(4484)': [2176], 'released': [2184], 'into': [2188, 2331, 2364], 'cytosol': [2190, 2333, 2423], 'several': [2194, 3050, 3163, 3497, 3534, 3927], 'stimuli.': [2196], 'block': [2203, 2956], 'consequently': [2208], 'rescues': [2209], 'caspases': [2215], '24Kluck': [2246], 'R.M.': [2247], 'Bossy-Wetzel': [2248], 'E.': [2249], 'Green': [2250], 'D.R.': [2251], 'Newmeyer': [2252], 'D.D.': [2253, 3503, 3626], '1132-1136Crossref': [2257], '(4289)': [2260], 'Up': [2263], 'point': [2266, 3199], 'evaluation,': [2268], 'appeared': [2271], 'similar': [2274, 2517], 'apoptosis;': [2281], 'unclear': [2285], 'if': [2286, 2352, 2637], 'functioned': [2289], 'upstream,': [2290], 'downstream,': [2291], 'site': [2296, 2756, 3097], 'pathway.': [2302, 3062], 'Therefore,': [2303], 'attempt': [2306], 'order': [2308, 3141], 'pathway': [2314, 2380, 2572, 3154, 3420], 'respect': [2316, 3422], 'modulate': [2325], 'translocation.': [2327], 'overexpress': [2339, 2346], 'first': [2350], 'cell-permeable': [2354], 'analog': [2356], 'because': [2367], '(25Zhang': [2381], 'Alter': [2383], 'Reed': [2385], 'J.C.': [2386], 'Borner': [2387], '93:': [2401], '5325-5328Crossref': [2402], '(294)': [2405], 'addition': [2409], 'resulted': [2414], 'seen': [2424], 'early': [2426, 2504], 'h.': [2429], 'Importantly,': [2430, 2761, 3739], '(Fig.3': [2442], 'A).': [2443], 'Interestingly,': [2444, 2899, 3702], 'effectively': [2451], '3': [2458, 2480, 2488], 'B).': [2459, 2898], 'assayed': [2462], 'results': [2474, 2747, 2763, 3009, 3120, 3949], 'show': [2475, 3121], 'D)': [2481, 2979], 'C)': [2489, 2677], 'release.': [2496, 3116], 'Because': [2497], 'considered': [2502, 3902], 'event': [2505], 'commitment': [2508], 'shows': [2512, 2648, 2882], 'phase.': [2522], 'further': [2524, 3032], 'understand': [2525], 'mechanism': [2527, 3088], 'compare': [2536], 'peroxidation,': [2550], 'given': [2551], 'biochemical': [2553], 'peroxidase.': [2560], 'Lipid': [2561], 'precede': [2577], 'fragmentation': [2579], 'morphological': [2581], 'changes': [2582], '26Sandstrom': [2607], 'P.M.': [2608], 'Pardi': [2609], 'Tebbey': [2611], 'P.W.': [2612], 'Dudek': [2613], 'R.W.': [2614], 'Terrian': [2615], 'Folks': [2617], 'FEBS': [2621, 3650], '365:': [2624], '66-70Crossref': [2625], '(109)': [2628], 'Scholar),': [2630, 2842, 3467, 3533, 3554, 3597, 3622, 3659, 3821, 3896], 'completely': [2635], 'clear': [2636], 'occurs': [2639], 'prior': [2640], 'after': [2643], 'mitochondrial': [2644, 2787, 2925], 'events.': [2645], 'Fig.': [2646], '4': [2647, 2665, 2669, 2676], 'potently': [2655], 'A),': [2666], 'B)': [2670], 'treatment,': [2678], 'indicating': [2679], 'However,': [2703], 'Fig.4': [2714], 'reported': [2719], 'suggest': [2748, 3951], 'downstream': [2753, 2847, 3033], 'action': [2758, 3099], 'Bcl-2.': [2760, 2797, 3101, 3204], 'even': [2768], 'though': [2769], 'peroxidase,': [2776, 3396], 'least': [2782], 'partly': [2783], 'indirectly': [2784], 'inhibiting': [2786], 'still': [2794], 'indistinguishable': [2795], 'allow': [2803], 'cellular': [2804, 3179], 'during': [2808], 'exogenous': [2816], '(14Korsmeyer': [2822], 'initial': [2850], 'stimulus.': [2852], 'We,': [2853], 'therefore,': [2854, 3870], 'intracellular': [2863, 3022], 'peroxide-mediated': [2878, 2889], 'Fig.5': [2880], 'equally': [2891], 'very': [2903], 'potent': [2904, 3073], 'inducing': [2906], 'C),': [2912], 'thus': [2913], 'implying': [2914], 'events': [2926], '(Fig.5': [2945], 'Finally,': [2947], 'nearly': [2980], 'completely.': [2981], 'On': [2982], 'hand,': [2985], 'did': [2987], 'despite': [2992], 'both': [2996], 'suggested': [3010, 3156], 'key': [3025], 'peroxides': [3026, 3040], 'preventing': [3035], 'In': [3045, 3911], 'interesting': [3051, 3164], 'novel': [3053], 'points': [3054], 'about': [3055], 'regulation': [3056, 3406], 'ordering': [3058, 3417], 'First,': [3063, 3168], 'Second,': [3077, 3205], 'distinct': [3089, 3200], 'probably': [3093], 'And': [3117], 'finally,': [3118], 'This': [3137, 3194], 'allows': [3138], 'Scheme': [3158], 'implications.': [3167], 'hitherto': [3177], 'unknown': [3178], 'involved': [3182], 'reactive': [3191], 'species.': [3193], 'functionally': [3209], 'linked': [3210], 'reductase': [3215], 'electron': [3217], 'transfer': [3218], 'It': [3237, 3349, 3867], 'adult': [3244], 'T-cell': [3245, 3268, 3307], 'leukemia-derived': [3246, 3308], '(which': [3248], 'originally': [3250], 'induces': [3256], 'production': [3257], 'interleukin-2': [3259], 'receptor': [3260], 'α': [3261], 'T-cells': [3263], 'infected': [3264], 'lymphotrophic': [3269], 'virus': [3270], 'growth': [3279], 'factor)': [3280], 'homologue': [3284], '(28Gasdaska': [3287], 'P.Y.': [3288], 'Obilong': [3289], 'J.E.': [3290], 'Cotgreave': [3291], 'I.A.': [3292], 'Powis': [3293], '1218:': [3299], '292-296Crossref': [3300], '(133)': [3303], 'Adult': [3306], 'tumor': [3316], 'necrosis': [3317], 'α-': [3319], 'anti-Fas': [3321], 'antibody-induced': [3322], '(29Matsuda': [3324], 'Masutani': [3326], 'Nakamura': [3328], 'Miyajima': [3330], 'Yamauchi': [3332], 'Yonehara': [3334], 'Uchida': [3336], 'Irimajiri': [3338], 'Horiuchi': [3340], '1991;': [3344], '3837-3841PubMed': [3346], 'imparting': [3355], 'resistance': [3356], 'ALL': [3361], 'lines': [3363], '(30Wang': [3364], 'Kobayashi': [3366], 'Sakurado': [3368], 'Imamura': [3370], 'Moriuchi': [3372], 'Hosokawa': [3374], 'Blood.': [3376], '89:': [3378], '2480-2487Crossref': [3379], 'results,': [3384], 'our': [3387, 3913], 'place': [3397, 3937], 'thioredoxin/TPx': [3398], 'crucial': [3402], 'position': [3403, 3942], 'Inducer→hydrogen': [3409], 'peroxidegeneration⊤TPx': [3410], 'II→⊤Bcl\xad2cytochromec→releasecaspaseactivation→apoptosisScheme': [3411], 'proposed': [3414, 3872], 'scheme': [3415], 'bcl-2.': [3427], 'Third,': [3428], 'identity': [3430], 'implies': [3468], 'potential': [3470], 'physiologic': [3471], 'damage.': [3485, 3965], 'Oxidative': [3486], 'pathologic': [3498], 'states': [3499], 'including': [3500], 'cancer': [3501, 3742], '(31Bankson': [3502, 3625], 'Kestin': [3504, 3627], 'Rifai': [3506, 3629], 'Clin.': [3508, 3631], 'Lab.': [3509, 3632], '13:': [3512, 3635], '463-480Abstract': [3513, 3636], '32Emerit': [3520], '16:': [3527], '99-109Crossref': [3528], '(287)': [3531], 'neurodegenerative': [3535], 'diseases': [3536, 3587, 3959], 'muscular': [3539, 3827], 'dystrophy': [3540, 3828], '(33Baker': [3541], 'M.S.': [3542], 'Austin': [3543], 'L.': [3544], 'Hypotheses.': [3546], '29:': [3548], '187-193Crossref': [3549], '(26)': [3552], "Alzheimer's": [3555], '(34Busciglio': [3556], 'Yankner': [3558], 'B.A.': [3559, 3804], '378:': [3562], '776-779Crossref': [3563], '(680)': [3566], '35Simonian': [3569], 'N.A.': [3570], 'Coyie': [3571], 'J.T.': [3572], 'Annu.': [3573], 'Rev.': [3574], 'Pharmacol.': [3575], '36:': [3578], '83-106Crossref': [3579], '(992)': [3582], "Parkinson's": [3586], '(36Jenner': [3588], 'Olanow': [3590], 'C.W.': [3591], 'Neurology.': [3592, 3617], '47:': [3594, 3619], '161-170Crossref': [3595], 'amyotrophic': [3598], 'lateral': [3599], 'sclerosis': [3600], '(37Bredesen': [3601], 'Wiedau-Pazos': [3603], 'Goto': [3605], 'J.J.': [3606], 'Rabizadez': [3607], 'Roe': [3609], 'J.A.': [3610], 'Ellerby': [3613], '38-39PubMed': [3620], 'atherosclerosis/ischemic': [3623], 'injuries': [3624], '38Li': [3643], 'P.F.': [3644], 'Dietz': [3645], 'von': [3647], 'Harsdorf': [3648], '404:': [3653], '249-252Crossref': [3654], '(171)': [3657], 'aging': [3661], '(39Ames': [3662], 'B.N.': [3663], 'Shigenaga': [3664], 'M.K.': [3665], 'Hagen': [3666], '7915-7922Crossref': [3677], '(5446)': [3680], '40Stadtman': [3683], 'Oliver': [3685], 'Starke-Reed': [3687], 'P.E.': [3688], 'Ind.': [3692], 'Health.': [3693], '9:': [3695], '187-196Crossref': [3696], '(23)': [3699], 'chromosomal': [3703], 'localization': [3704], 'resides': [3714], 'chromosome': [3716, 3749], '13q12': [3717], 'breast': [3741], 'susceptibility': [3743], 'BRCA2': [3745], 'localized': [3747, 3830], '13q12-q13': [3750], '(41Wooster': [3751], 'Neuhausen': [3753], 'S.L.': [3754], 'Mangion': [3755], 'Quirk': [3757], 'Ford': [3759], 'Collins': [3761], 'Nguyen': [3763], 'Seal': [3765], 'Tran': [3767], 'Averill': [3769], 'Fields': [3771], 'Marshall': [3773], 'Narod': [3775], 'Lenoir': [3777], 'G.M.': [3778], 'Lynch': [3779], 'Feuteun': [3781], 'Devilee': [3783], 'Cornelisse': [3785], 'C.J.': [3786], 'Menko': [3787], 'F.H.': [3788], 'Daly': [3789], 'Orminston': [3791], 'W.': [3792], 'McManus': [3793], 'Pye': [3795], 'Lewis': [3797], 'C.M.': [3798], 'Cannon-Albright': [3799], 'L.A.': [3800], 'Peto': [3801], 'Ponder': [3803], 'Skolnick': [3805], 'M.H.': [3806], 'Easton': [3807], 'D.F.': [3808], 'Goldgar': [3809], 'Stratton': [3811], 'M.R.': [3812], '265:': [3815], '2088-2090Crossref': [3816], '(1640)': [3819], 'form': [3824], 'Duchenne-like': [3826], '13q1': [3832], '(27Othmane': [3833], 'K.B.': [3834], 'Hamida': [3835, 3839], 'M.B.': [3836], 'Pericak-Vance': [3837], 'M.A.': [3838], 'C.B.': [3840], 'Blel': [3841], 'Carter': [3843], 'S.C.': [3844], 'Bowcock': [3845], 'Petruhkin': [3847], 'Gilliam': [3849], 'K.C.': [3850], 'Roses': [3851], 'A.D.': [3852], 'Hentati': [3853], 'F.': [3854], 'Vance': [3855], 'Nat.': [3857], 'Genet.': [3858], '1992;': [3859], '2:': [3860], '315-317Crossref': [3861], '(173)': [3864], 'possible,': [3869], 'Pahlet': [3874], 'candidate': [3904], 'some': [3907], 'disorders.': [3910], 'conclusion,': [3912], 'II/NKEF': [3917], 'insults,': [3929], 'critical': [3941], 'elucidating': [3944], 'mechanisms': [3945], 'possible': [3953], 'involving': [3960], 'acknowledge': [3967, 3982], 'Dr.': [3968], 'Yusuf': [3969], 'helpful': [3972], 'discussion': [3973], 'careful': [3975], 'reading': [3976], 'manuscript.': [3979], 'Don': [3983], 'Garrett': [3984], 'Rita': [3986], 'Fortune': [3987], 'expert': [3989], 'secretarial': [3990], 'assistance.': [3991]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 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