Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1959677146', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90169-4', 'title': 'T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection', 'display_name': 'T cell receptor antagonist peptides induce positive selection', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1959677146', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90169-4', 'mag': '1959677146', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8287475'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90169-4', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S110447773', 'display_name': 'Cell', 'issn_l': '0092-8674', 'issn': ['0092-8674', '1097-4172'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315673', 'host_organization_name': 'Cell Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315673'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV', 'Cell Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030958540', 'display_name': 'Kristin A. Hogquist', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-5687'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kristin A. Hogquist', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016217664', 'display_name': 'Stephen C. Jameson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-1146'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephen C. Jameson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunology University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunology University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037574752', 'display_name': 'William R. Heath', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-259X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I196021976', 'display_name': 'Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01b6kha49', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I196021976']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1320473756', 'display_name': 'The Royal Melbourne Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/005bvs909', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320473756', 'https://openalex.org/I4210158168']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William R. Heath', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria 3050 Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria 3050 Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I196021976', 'https://openalex.org/I1320473756']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004473982', 'display_name': 'Jane L. Howard', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'display_name': 'Monash University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02bfwt286', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jane L. Howard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pathology and Immunology Monash University Medical School Victoria 3181 Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pathology and Immunology Monash University Medical School Victoria 3181 Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088675599', 'display_name': 'Michael J. Bevan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-3739'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'display_name': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006w34k90', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael J. Bevan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunology University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunology University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1344073410', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066955897', 'display_name': 'Federico Carbone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-4078'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'display_name': 'Monash University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02bfwt286', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Francis R. Carbone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pathology and Immunology Monash University Medical School Victoria 3181 Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pathology and Immunology Monash University Medical School Victoria 3181 Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 10100, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 10100, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 33.617, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 2818, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999834, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '76', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '17', 'last_page': '27'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10031', 'display_name': 'T-cell and B-cell Immunology', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10031', 'display_name': 'T-cell and B-cell Immunology', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11020', 'display_name': 'Immune Cell Function and Interaction', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10580', 'display_name': 'Immunotherapy and Immune Responses', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-selection', 'display_name': 'Negative selection', 'score': 0.7593045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-selection', 'display_name': 'Positive selection', 'score': 0.507958}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.86101305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19317047', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412037', 'display_name': 'T-cell receptor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8496405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7386963', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954859', 'display_name': 'Negative selection', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7593045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779281246', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172847', 'display_name': 'Peptide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62183964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167672396', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800', 'display_name': 'CD8', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61775184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5266991}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147483822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537', 'display_name': 'Antigen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52541685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2986302931', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764759', 'display_name': 'Positive selection', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.507958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49535123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776090121', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529', 'display_name': 'T cell', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.38546276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37978938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37098932}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33668816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24019787}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8891405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Immune system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.199482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.124934375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141231307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020', 'display_name': 'Genome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D010446', 'descriptor_name': 'Peptide Fragments', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011948', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011948', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000037', 'qualifier_name': 'antagonists & inhibitors', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016176', 'descriptor_name': 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013950', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymus Gland', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002454', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Differentiation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002454', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Differentiation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002454', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Differentiation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D049673', 'descriptor_name': 'History, 20th Century', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018345', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice, Knockout', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008822', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice, Transgenic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009924', 'descriptor_name': 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010446', 'descriptor_name': 'Peptide Fragments', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011948', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016176', 'descriptor_name': 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016176', 'descriptor_name': 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016176', 'descriptor_name': 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013950', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymus Gland', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000196', 'qualifier_name': 'embryology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013950', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymus Gland', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013950', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymus Gland', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001613', 'descriptor_name': 'beta 2-Microglobulin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001613', 'descriptor_name': 'beta 2-Microglobulin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000172', 'qualifier_name': 'deficiency', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001613', 'descriptor_name': 'beta 2-Microglobulin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90169-4', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S110447773', 'display_name': 'Cell', 'issn_l': '0092-8674', 'issn': ['0092-8674', '1097-4172'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315673', 'host_organization_name': 'Cell Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315673'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV', 'Cell Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22345701', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 37, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1595789911', 'https://openalex.org/W1604098734', 'https://openalex.org/W1669573844', 'https://openalex.org/W1913179054', 'https://openalex.org/W1964320795', 'https://openalex.org/W1966598940', 'https://openalex.org/W1975673392', 'https://openalex.org/W1987302458', 'https://openalex.org/W1994001202', 'https://openalex.org/W1996286867', 'https://openalex.org/W1999995106', 'https://openalex.org/W2008083688', 'https://openalex.org/W2009022514', 'https://openalex.org/W2010315866', 'https://openalex.org/W2018847865', 'https://openalex.org/W2030085696', 'https://openalex.org/W2035805765', 'https://openalex.org/W2035960239', 'https://openalex.org/W2036961965', 'https://openalex.org/W2041879875', 'https://openalex.org/W2046105249', 'https://openalex.org/W2050784170', 'https://openalex.org/W2057831214', 'https://openalex.org/W2059637973', 'https://openalex.org/W2071492067', 'https://openalex.org/W2074061180', 'https://openalex.org/W2074293377', 'https://openalex.org/W2074321009', 'https://openalex.org/W2085450869', 'https://openalex.org/W2107817498', 'https://openalex.org/W2109523893', 'https://openalex.org/W2109613286', 'https://openalex.org/W2113334969', 'https://openalex.org/W2132164705', 'https://openalex.org/W2171815674', 'https://openalex.org/W22176921', 'https://openalex.org/W2409576686'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4313373511', 'https://openalex.org/W2889245661', 'https://openalex.org/W2400773827', 'https://openalex.org/W2147915567', 'https://openalex.org/W2137904245', 'https://openalex.org/W2052876854', 'https://openalex.org/W2048716591', 'https://openalex.org/W1987350054', 'https://openalex.org/W1969542161', 'https://openalex.org/W1961154712'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1959677146', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 97}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 97}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 96}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 94}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 92}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 78}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 81}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 86}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 96}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 109}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 133}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 113}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T13:20:39.550045', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}