Title: Retrospective, observational, multicentre study on an Italian population affected by chronic hepatitis C who failed to clear HCV-RNA after the combined therapy (PEG-IFN and ribavirin): NADIR study
Abstract: Journal of Viral HepatitisVolume 17, Issue 6 p. 427-434 Retrospective, observational, multicentre study on an Italian population affected by chronic hepatitis C who failed to clear HCV-RNA after the combined therapy (PEG-IFN and ribavirin): NADIR study F. Morisco, F. Morisco 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 1 T. Stroffolini, T. Stroffolini 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 2 E. Medda, E. Medda 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 3 D. C. Amoruso, D. C. Amoruso 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 1 P. L. Almasio, P. L. Almasio 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 4 E. Villa, E. Villa 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 5 M. Zuin, M. Zuin 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 6 B. Paris, B. Paris 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 7 M. Stanzione, M. Stanzione 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 8 N. Caporaso, N. Caporaso 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 1 NADIR Study Group , NADIR Study Group 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy Member of the NADIR Study Group (in alphabetical order): Antonio Aceti S., Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Giuliana Amaddeo, University of Messina, Italy; Fausto Ancarani, University of Ancona, Italy; Pasquale Arcuri, San Giovanni Addolorato Hospital, Rome, Italy; Adolfo Attili, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; Francesco Bandiera, SS Annunziata Hospital, Sassari, Italy; Giorgio Bellati, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy; Rosa Benigno, ARNAS Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy; Federica Benini, University of Brescia, Italy; Giuseppe Bombardieri, Chatholic University of Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Savino Bruno, Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico Hospital, Milan, Italy; Andrea Capretti, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Maurizio Carrara, ASL 22 Veneto, Bussolengo, Italy; Claudia Cottone, University of Palermo, Italy; Raffaele Cozzolongo, De Bellis Hospital, IRCCS, Castellana Grotte, Italy; Luigi Demelia, University of Cagliari, Italy; Giuseppa Di Gaetano, University of Palermo, Italy; Pasquale Esposito, Second University of Naples, Italy; Giovanni Fanelli, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Giovan Battista Gaeta, Second University of Naples, Italy; Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy; Alessia Giorgini, University of Milan, Italy; Antonio Grieco, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Vincenzo Guadagnino, Rummo Hospital, Benevento, Italy; Alberto Lanzini, University of Brescia, Italy; Salvatore Lo Bello, Sant'Antonio Hospital, Padova, Italy; Salvatore Lupo, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy; Monia Maracci, University of Ancona, Italy; Santino Marchi, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy; Diego Martines, University of Padova, Italy; Giuseppe Mazzella, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Luca Miele, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Marta Milan, University of Padova, Italy; Stefano Milani, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; Giorgio Minoli, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy; Giuseppe Montalto, Policlinic of Palermo, Italy; Aldo Morrone, National Institute for Health, Migrants and Poverty, Rome, Italy; Lorenzo Nosotti, National Institute for Health, Migrants and Poverty, Rome, Italy; Marino Paroli, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; Giuseppe Pastore, University of Bari, Italy; Marcello Persico, Second University of Naples, Italy; Felice Piccinino, Second University of Naples, Italy; Giovan Battista Pinzello, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy; Massimo Pozzi, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Luigi Roffi, Hospital of Sondrio, Italy; Maurizio Russello, ARNAS Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy; Michele Russo, Second University of Naples, Italy; Evangelista Sagnelli, San Anna-San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy; Vincenzo Savarino, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy; Fabrizio Soccorsi, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Giovanni Squadrito, University of Messina, Italy; Marco Tabone, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy; Fabio Tarsetti, Policlinico di Ancona, Italy; Ester M.C. Tesini, Azienda Opedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Italy; Roberto Testa, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy; Silvio Tripi, University of Palermo, Italy; Stornaiuolo Gianfranca, Second University of Naples, Italy; Carmen Vandelli, Azienda Opedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Italy; Anna Linda Zignego, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.Search for more papers by this author F. Morisco, F. Morisco 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 1 T. Stroffolini, T. Stroffolini 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 2 E. Medda, E. Medda 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 3 D. C. Amoruso, D. C. Amoruso 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 1 P. L. Almasio, P. L. Almasio 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 4 E. Villa, E. Villa 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 5 M. Zuin, M. Zuin 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 6 B. Paris, B. Paris 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 7 M. Stanzione, M. Stanzione 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 8 N. Caporaso, N. Caporaso 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalySearch for more papers by this author 1 NADIR Study Group , NADIR Study Group 1 Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples ; 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Polyclinic 'Umberto I', Rome ; 3 National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, ISS, Rome, Italy ; 4 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo ; 5 Gastroenterology Unit, University of Modena, Modena ; 6 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan ; 7 Valcamonica of Esine Hospital, Brescia and 8Infectious Disease Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy Member of the NADIR Study Group (in alphabetical order): Antonio Aceti S., Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Giuliana Amaddeo, University of Messina, Italy; Fausto Ancarani, University of Ancona, Italy; Pasquale Arcuri, San Giovanni Addolorato Hospital, Rome, Italy; Adolfo Attili, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; Francesco Bandiera, SS Annunziata Hospital, Sassari, Italy; Giorgio Bellati, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy; Rosa Benigno, ARNAS Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy; Federica Benini, University of Brescia, Italy; Giuseppe Bombardieri, Chatholic University of Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Savino Bruno, Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico Hospital, Milan, Italy; Andrea Capretti, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Maurizio Carrara, ASL 22 Veneto, Bussolengo, Italy; Claudia Cottone, University of Palermo, Italy; Raffaele Cozzolongo, De Bellis Hospital, IRCCS, Castellana Grotte, Italy; Luigi Demelia, University of Cagliari, Italy; Giuseppa Di Gaetano, University of Palermo, Italy; Pasquale Esposito, Second University of Naples, Italy; Giovanni Fanelli, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Giovan Battista Gaeta, Second University of Naples, Italy; Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy; Alessia Giorgini, University of Milan, Italy; Antonio Grieco, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Vincenzo Guadagnino, Rummo Hospital, Benevento, Italy; Alberto Lanzini, University of Brescia, Italy; Salvatore Lo Bello, Sant'Antonio Hospital, Padova, Italy; Salvatore Lupo, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy; Monia Maracci, University of Ancona, Italy; Santino Marchi, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy; Diego Martines, University of Padova, Italy; Giuseppe Mazzella, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Luca Miele, Catholic University of Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Marta Milan, University of Padova, Italy; Stefano Milani, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; Giorgio Minoli, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy; Giuseppe Montalto, Policlinic of Palermo, Italy; Aldo Morrone, National Institute for Health, Migrants and Poverty, Rome, Italy; Lorenzo Nosotti, National Institute for Health, Migrants and Poverty, Rome, Italy; Marino Paroli, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; Giuseppe Pastore, University of Bari, Italy; Marcello Persico, Second University of Naples, Italy; Felice Piccinino, Second University of Naples, Italy; Giovan Battista Pinzello, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy; Massimo Pozzi, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy; Luigi Roffi, Hospital of Sondrio, Italy; Maurizio Russello, ARNAS Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy; Michele Russo, Second University of Naples, Italy; Evangelista Sagnelli, San Anna-San Sebastiano Hospital, Caserta, Italy; Vincenzo Savarino, San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy; Fabrizio Soccorsi, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Giovanni Squadrito, University of Messina, Italy; Marco Tabone, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy; Fabio Tarsetti, Policlinico di Ancona, Italy; Ester M.C. Tesini, Azienda Opedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Italy; Roberto Testa, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy; Silvio Tripi, University of Palermo, Italy; Stornaiuolo Gianfranca, Second University of Naples, Italy; Carmen Vandelli, Azienda Opedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Italy; Anna Linda Zignego, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.Search for more papers by this author First published: 11 May 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01200.xCitations: 4 Filomena Morisco, Departement of Food Science, University of Naples Federico II, Parco Gussone Ed. 84, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Summary. There is a lack of information on the characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) who fail to respond to antiviral treatment. We studied HCV-positive subjects with chronic liver diseases treated with pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) who failed to clear HCV in routine clinical practice. A total of 2150 consecutive adult patients treated with PEG-IFN plus RBV therapy in 46 Italian centres between 1 July 2004, and 30 June 2005, were studied. Of the 2150 patients, 923 (42.9%) (M/F 585/335, mean age 54.8 years) failed to achieve a serum HCV-RNA clearance. Of these 923 patients, 429 (46.5%) were nonresponders, 298 (32.3%) relapsers, 168 (18.2%) drop-outs for noncompliance or adverse events and 28 (3.0%) were lost during follow-up. Overall, 642 (70.6%) patients received adequate therapy (defined as more than 80% of the drug doses for >80% of the time). Genotypes 1–4 were observed in 76.9% of cases; genotypes 2–3 in 21.2% and mixed in 1.9%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified genotypes 1 and 4 as the sole independent predictors of the likelihood of nonresponse to therapy compared with relapse (OR: 4.38; 95% CI = 2.28–8.4). Age older than 65 years was the sole independent factor associated with no adherence to therapy (OR: 2.22; 95% CI = 1.36–3.62). Patients who fail to respond to treatment are a nonhomogeneous population with different features, and the sole factor that discriminates nonresponse from relapse is the distribution of genotypes 1–4. Co-morbidities are unable to determine the type of treatment failure and inadequate adherence to therapy mostly affects patients older than 65 years of age. References 1 Manns MP, McHutchison JG, Gordon SC et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized trial. Lancet 2001; 358: 958–965. 2 Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 975–982. 3 Taliani G, Gemignani G, Ferrari C et al. 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