Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1675018487', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Is the need for measurement an admission that formal methods are not perfect', 'display_name': 'Is the need for measurement an admission that formal methods are not perfect', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-07-11', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1675018487', 'mag': '1675018487'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/1245/5033/00196363.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110497074', 'display_name': 'S.G. Stockman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1332878012', 'display_name': 'BT Group (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00kv9pj15', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1332878012']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S.G. Stockman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['British Telecom Res. Labs, Ipswich, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'British Telecom Res. Labs, Ipswich, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1332878012']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002888655', 'display_name': 'Agnes Kaposi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A.A. Kaposi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 53}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '73', 'last_page': '74'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10430', 'display_name': 'Software Engineering Techniques and Practices', 'score': 0.8676, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10430', 'display_name': 'Software Engineering Techniques and Practices', 'score': 0.8676, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12423', 'display_name': 'Software Reliability and Analysis Research', 'score': 0.7936, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1712', 'display_name': 'Software'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13295', 'display_name': 'Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy', 'score': 0.7417, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2213', 'display_name': 'Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality-analyst', 'display_name': 'Software quality analyst', 'score': 0.60924745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality-control', 'display_name': 'Software quality control', 'score': 0.52717817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/obligation', 'display_name': 'Obligation', 'score': 0.4859661}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55439883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812', 'display_name': 'Correctness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6094288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188329197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554613', 'display_name': 'Software quality analyst', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.60924745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61521584', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899', 'display_name': 'Accreditation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60382825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.554515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C176035894', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554350', 'display_name': 'Software quality control', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.52717817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777904410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397', 'display_name': 'Software', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49182057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778447849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2648051', 'display_name': 'Obligation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4859661}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106436119', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575', 'display_name': 'Quality assurance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48253104}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45834658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44805762}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115903868', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993', 'display_name': 'Software engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43068907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117447612', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670', 'display_name': 'Software quality', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42949948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98045186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663', 'display_name': 'Process (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41692486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195094911', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904', 'display_name': 'Process management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39013544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C529173508', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608', 'display_name': 'Software development', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.35592467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110354214', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146', 'display_name': 'Engineering management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33994234}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2728968}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22490948}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21547014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657', 'display_name': 'Operations management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17256394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11510053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0824967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07129705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778618615', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393', 'display_name': 'External quality assessment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/1245/5033/00196363.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'score': 0.62, 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W83670808', 'https://openalex.org/W73289055', 'https://openalex.org/W2888211811', 'https://openalex.org/W2389770817', 'https://openalex.org/W2370477844', 'https://openalex.org/W2364866910', 'https://openalex.org/W2240859037', 'https://openalex.org/W2163984825', 'https://openalex.org/W2135938656', 'https://openalex.org/W2134274165', 'https://openalex.org/W2113226344', 'https://openalex.org/W2100033528', 'https://openalex.org/W2058448762', 'https://openalex.org/W2048106207', 'https://openalex.org/W2008093022', 'https://openalex.org/W2000279030', 'https://openalex.org/W1949340985', 'https://openalex.org/W1916810855', 'https://openalex.org/W167194442', 'https://openalex.org/W133166504'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 59], 'strategic': [1], 'significance': [2], 'of': [3, 36, 50, 56], 'system': [4], 'and': [5, 11, 47], 'software': [6, 38, 51], 'quality': [7, 31, 77], 'to': [8, 30, 64, 74], 'industry,': [9], 'commerce': [10], 'the': [12, 33, 37, 48, 54, 62], 'community': [13], 'at': [14], 'large': [15], 'is': [16], 'now': [17], 'widely': [18], 'recognised': [19], 'by': [20], 'all,': [21], 'including': [22], 'government.': [23], 'Two': [24], 'main': [25], 'philosophies': [26, 67], 'are': [27], 'currently': [28], 'pursued': [29], 'assurance:': [32], 'accreditation': [34], 'procedure': [35], 'development': [39], 'process': [40], 'itself': [41], 'through': [42, 53], 'schemes': [43], 'such': [44], 'as': [45], 'BS5750': [46], 'proof': [49], 'correctness': [52], 'use': [55], 'formal': [57], 'methods.': [58], 'authors': [60], 'explore': [61], 'extent': [63], 'which': [65], 'these': [66], 'singly': [68], 'or': [69], 'collectively,': [70], 'satisfy': [71], "industry's": [72], 'obligation': [73], 'produce': [75], 'high': [76], 'software.': [78], '>': [79]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1675018487', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T09:44:24.979161', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}