Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W97787637', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.14264/106449', 'title': 'The efficacy of brain electrophysiology to enlighten theories and models of human memory', 'display_name': 'The efficacy of brain electrophysiology to enlighten theories and models of human memory', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W97787637', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.14264/106449', 'mag': '97787637'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.14264/106449', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'dissertation', 'type_crossref': 'dissertation', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001064154', 'display_name': 'Simon Finnigan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-0741'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Simon Peter. Finnigan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5001064154'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 57}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10918', 'display_name': 'Memory Processes and Influences', 'score': 0.781, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10918', 'display_name': 'Memory Processes and Influences', 'score': 0.781, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181598458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969643', 'display_name': 'N400', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8413}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100660578', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733', 'display_name': 'Recall', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7124543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61161804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6052667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C88576662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18646', 'display_name': 'Episodic memory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5818248}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90269970', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302606', 'display_name': 'Recognition memory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51894283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49520007}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98045186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663', 'display_name': 'Process (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48736316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197914299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650', 'display_name': 'Semantic memory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45182437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67359045', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14026181', 'display_name': 'Event-related potential', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43102443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165064840', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061', 'display_name': 'Matching (statistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41418296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780980858', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022', 'display_name': 'Dual (grammatical number)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4102066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.38013673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3798752}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1293638}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124952713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242', 'display_name': 'Literature', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.14264/106449', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.67}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2981452806', 'https://openalex.org/W2767373064', 'https://openalex.org/W2368861633', 'https://openalex.org/W2359426816', 'https://openalex.org/W2232114465', 'https://openalex.org/W2079185868', 'https://openalex.org/W2077013794', 'https://openalex.org/W2010080881', 'https://openalex.org/W1998858591', 'https://openalex.org/W1997975287'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'An': [0, 174], 'overarching': [1], 'aim': [2, 401], 'of': [3, 79, 210, 219, 241, 258, 270, 291, 303, 369, 390, 402, 428, 481, 515, 575, 603, 709, 750], 'this': [4, 412, 507, 542, 633, 745], 'thesis': [5], 'is': [6, 27, 253, 436, 501, 661, 737], 'to': [7, 36, 104, 117, 143, 180, 233, 344, 379, 410, 416, 438, 560, 583, 663, 739, 753], 'explore': [8], 'the': [9, 19, 72, 77, 157, 160, 171, 184, 198, 246, 250, 256, 268, 274, 348, 367, 384, 388, 399, 403, 422, 432, 458, 482, 496, 504, 516, 546, 555, 563, 566, 593, 596, 601, 647, 655, 658, 669, 680, 691, 698, 707, 713, 748], 'question:': [10], 'Can': [11, 113], 'event-related': [12], 'potential': [13], '(ERP)': [14], 'data': [15, 115, 370, 681, 719, 752], 'refine': [16], 'theories': [17], 'concerning': [18], 'operation(s)': [20], 'supporting': [21], 'episodic': [22, 54, 741], 'recognition': [23, 251, 349, 355, 446, 454, 497, 552, 620], 'memory?': [24], 'More': [25, 743], 'specifically:': [26], 'one,': [28], 'or': [29, 221, 299, 382], 'are': [30, 88, 590, 652], 'two,': [31], 'memory': [32, 48, 61, 68, 261, 395, 561, 606, 734, 756], 'access': [33, 49, 62, 262, 396, 607, 735], 'process(es)': [34], 'integral': [35, 738], 'recognition?': [37], 'Global': [38, 56, 614], 'Matching': [39, 57, 615], 'and': [40, 70, 96, 159, 183, 196, 302, 347, 360, 414, 448, 453, 616, 677, 693, 725], 'Bayesian': [41, 617], 'models': [42, 58], 'posit': [43, 729], 'that': [44, 60, 80, 85, 134, 249, 293, 506, 522, 595, 611, 657, 690, 720, 730], 'a': [45, 64, 91, 98, 125, 208, 223, 239, 259, 316, 362, 391, 572, 579, 604, 731], 'single,': [46, 732], 'context-dependent': [47, 100, 260, 392, 605, 733], 'process': [50, 102, 736], 'can': [51, 703], 'support': [52], 'single-item': [53, 740], 'recognition.': [55, 742], 'assume': [59, 84], 'involves': [63], 'matching': [65], 'operation': [66], '(between': [67], 'cue[s]': [69], 'trace[s]),': [71], 'decision': [73, 252, 356], 'being': [74], 'based': [75, 254], 'on': [76, 225, 255, 442], 'strength': [78, 257, 281, 314, 346, 463, 569, 598], 'operation.': [81], 'Dual-process': [82], 'theorists': [83], 'two': [86, 154, 275, 564], 'processes': [87], 'fundamentally': [89], 'involved:': [90], 'rapid,': [92], 'automatic': [93], 'familiarity': [94, 220], 'assessment,': [95], 'recollection,': [97], 'strategic,': [99], 'retrieval': [101], 'akin': [103], 'recall': [105], '(although': [106, 549, 637], 'distinct': [107], 'versions': [108], 'differ': [109], 'in': [110, 129, 236, 267, 278, 315, 329, 372, 406, 431, 457, 467, 534, 545, 551, 578, 639, 646, 672, 683], 'important': [111], 'ways).': [112], 'ERP': [114, 155, 271, 479, 751], 'help': [116], 'discriminate': [118], 'between': [119, 215, 562], 'these': [120, 584, 588, 650], 'alternatives?ERP': [121], "'old/new'": [122], 'effects': [123, 166, 695, 701], 'comprise': [124], 'relative': [126, 142], 'amplitude': [127, 312, 353, 493], 'positivity': [128], 'ERPs': [130, 339], 'evoked': [131, 145], 'by': [132, 146, 613, 679], 'items': [133], 'have': [135, 167, 228], 'been': [136, 168, 178, 191, 230, 295], 'presented': [137, 296], 'within': [138, 170, 706], 'an': [139, 478], 'experiment': [140, 518], '(old),': [141], 'those': [144, 201], 'new': [147], 'items;': [148], 'They': [149], 'evidently': [150], 'incorporate': [151], 'at': [152, 193, 284, 325, 528], 'least': [153], 'components:': [156], 'N400': [158, 175, 310, 385, 462, 530, 585, 597, 692], 'LPC': [161, 185, 351, 492, 622, 659, 694], '(late': [162], 'positive': [163, 533], 'complex).': [164], 'These': [165], 'interpreted': [169], 'dual-process': [172], 'framework:': [173], 'effect': [176, 311, 322, 336, 352, 386, 464, 484, 508, 599, 660], 'has': [177, 190, 716], 'proposed': [179], 'index': [181], 'familiarity,': [182], 'effect,': [186], 'recollection.': [187], 'The': [188, 461], 'former': [189], 'largest': [192, 324], 'frontal': [194], 'electrodes,': [195], 'termed': [197], "'FN400'": [199], 'However,': [200], 'interpretations': [202], 'should': [203], 'be': [204, 704], 'considered': [205], 'speculative': [206], 'for': [207, 421, 485, 626], 'number': [209], 'reasons,': [211], 'including:': [212], 'marked': [213], 'differences': [214, 645], 'various': [216, 443], "authors'": [217], 'notions': [218], 'recollection;': [222], 'reliance': [224], 'assumptions': [226], 'which': [227, 435, 728], 'subsequently': [229], 'shown': [231], 'not': [232, 377, 383, 470], 'hold,': [234], 'and;': [235], 'some': [237], 'cases,': [238], 'lack': [240], 'sufficient': [242], 'discriminatory': [243], 'power.': [244], 'Hence': [245, 398, 425, 587, 712], 'single-process': [247, 710], 'assumption': [248], 'process,': [263], 'warrants': [264], 'further': [265, 418], 'consideration': [266], 'interpretation': [269], 'old/new': [272], 'effects.In': [273], 'experiments': [276, 404], 'reported': [277, 371, 405, 671, 682], 'Chapter': [279, 373, 407, 673, 684], 'Two,': [280, 374], 'was': [282, 323, 337, 376, 409, 455, 465, 519, 544, 635], 'manipulated': [283], 'study:': [285], 'Test': [286], 'lists': [287], 'comprised': [288], 'equal': [289], 'numbers': [290], 'words': [292], 'had': [294], 'thrice': [297], '(strong),': [298], 'once': [300], '(weak),': [301], 'new,': [304], 'unstudied': [305], 'words.': [306], 'In': [307, 619], 'both': [308, 345, 451], 'experiments,': [309], 'indexed': [313, 354], 'graded': [317], 'manner': [318], '(i.e.,': [319, 358], 'strong>weak>new):': [320], 'This': [321, 475, 500], 'parietal': [326], 'electrodes': [327], '(left>right;': [328], 'ear-referenced': [330], 'ERPs);': [331], 'And': [332], 'no': [333], 'corresponding': [334, 644], 'FN400': [335], 'obtained.': [338], 'were': [340, 450, 526, 532, 624, 675], 'also': [341, 415], 'computed': [342], 'according': [343], 'decision:': [350], 'accuracy': [357], 'correct>incorrect),': [359], 'exhibited': [361], 'centro-parietal': [363], 'scalp': [364], 'distribution': [365], '(left>right).On': [366], 'basis': [368], 'it': [375], 'possible': [378], 'detemine': [380], 'whether': [381], 'reflects': [387], 'outcome': [389], '(versus': [393], '-independent)': [394], 'process.': [397], 'principal': [400], 'Three': [408], 'address': [411], 'issue,': [413], 'provide': [417], 'converging': [419], 'evidence': [420], 'above': [423, 688], 'proposals.': [424], 'normative': [426, 523, 576], 'frequency': [427, 472, 524, 538, 630, 640], "words'": [429, 473, 539], 'occurrence': [430], 'language': [433], '-': [434, 447, 696, 702], 'known': [437], 'reliably': [439], 'affect': [440], 'performance': [441, 498, 648], 'tasks,': [444, 565], 'including': [445, 512, 666], 'strength,': [449], 'manipulated,': [452], 'tested': [456], 'first': [459], 'experiment.': [460], 'obtained': [466], 'low,': [468, 537], 'but': [469, 632], 'high,': [471], 'ERPs:': [474], 'may': [476], 'constitute': [477], 'correlate': [480], 'mirror': [483], 'word': [486], 'frequency.': [487], 'Across': [488], 'six': [489], 'strength-by-frequency': [490], 'conditions,': [491], 'closely': [494], 'resembled': [495], 'data:': [499], 'consistent': [502, 591, 653], 'with': [503, 592, 654, 722], 'view': [505, 594, 656], 'indexes': [509, 600], 'decisional': [510, 664], 'factor(s)': [511, 665], 'accuracy.The': [513], 'design': [514], 'next': [517], 'identical,': [520], 'except': [521], 'judgments': [525], 'required': [527], 'test.': [529], 'amplitudes': [531, 623], 'high': [535, 629], 'versus': [536, 628], 'ERPs;': [540], 'Whereas': [541], 'difference': [543, 634], 'opposite': [547], 'direction': [548], 'non-significant)': [550, 638], 'ERPs.': [553, 642], 'Considering': [554], 'different': [556], 'contextual': [557], 'cue(s)': [558], 'applied': [559], 'expected': [567], 'consequent': [568], 'levels': [570], '(for': [571], 'given': [573, 580], 'level': [574], 'frequency,': [577], 'task)': [581], 'correspond': [582], 'patterns.': [586], 'outcomes': [589], 'output': [602], 'process;': [608], 'Such': [609], 'as': [610], 'posited': [612], 'models.': [618], 'ERPs,': [621], 'greater': [625], 'low': [627], 'words,': [631], 'reversed': [636], 'judgment': [641], 'Given': [643], 'data,': [649], 'results': [651], 'sensitive': [662], 'accuracy.': [667], 'Hence,': [668], 'proposals': [670], 'Two': [674], 'supported': [676], 'extended,': [678], 'Three.The': [685], 'conclusions': [686], 'summarised': [687], 'indicate': [689], 'like': [697], 'relevant': [699], 'behavioural': [700], 'explained': [705], 'framework': [708], 'theories.': [711], 'current': [714], 'research': [715, 746], 'provided': [717], 'electrophysiological': [718], 'converge': [721], 'existing': [723], 'empirical': [724], 'modelling': [726], 'approaches,': [727], 'generally.': [744], 'exemplifies': [747], 'utility': [749], 'effectively': [754], 'constrain': [755], 'theory.': [757]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W97787637', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-05T23:04:55.667322', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}