Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W85777234', 'doi': None, 'title': 'What, Then, is Consciousness?', 'display_name': 'What, Then, is Consciousness?', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W85777234', 'mag': '85777234'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://nobleworld.biz/images/Gbenga.pdf?origin=publicationDetail', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306520667', 'display_name': 'Nebula', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058791084', 'display_name': 'Fasiku Gbenga', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-9815'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Fasiku Gbenga', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5058791084'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 64}, 'biblio': {'volume': '7', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '99', 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10258', 'display_name': 'Philosophy and Theoretical Science', 'score': 0.9959, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10258', 'display_name': 'Philosophy and Theoretical Science', 'score': 0.9959, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11883', 'display_name': 'Embodied and Extended Cognition', 'score': 0.99, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10778', 'display_name': 'Philosophy and History of Science', 'score': 0.9688, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wonder', 'display_name': 'Wonder', 'score': 0.8059944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon', 'display_name': 'Phenomenon', 'score': 0.53902704}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186720457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087', 'display_name': 'Consciousness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8477339}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780573756', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977433', 'display_name': 'Wonder', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8059944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781238097', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026', 'display_name': 'Object (grammar)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72035694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.65702134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50335755', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247', 'display_name': 'Phenomenon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53902704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44222197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188147891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638', 'display_name': 'Cognitive science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42970747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780586882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643', 'display_name': 'Simple (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42177904}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30815834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://nobleworld.biz/images/Gbenga.pdf?origin=publicationDetail', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306520667', 'display_name': 'Nebula', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W131445556', 'https://openalex.org/W138083614', 'https://openalex.org/W1509643880', 'https://openalex.org/W151153198', 'https://openalex.org/W1558961259', 'https://openalex.org/W1597944512', 'https://openalex.org/W1604824143', 'https://openalex.org/W1980491396', 'https://openalex.org/W1983984326', 'https://openalex.org/W2029148231', 'https://openalex.org/W2031404096', 'https://openalex.org/W2050146751', 'https://openalex.org/W2057825842', 'https://openalex.org/W2061556512', 'https://openalex.org/W2117462260', 'https://openalex.org/W2122263166', 'https://openalex.org/W2132373249', 'https://openalex.org/W2133682902', 'https://openalex.org/W2138637513', 'https://openalex.org/W2159478088', 'https://openalex.org/W2287077086', 'https://openalex.org/W2313806601', 'https://openalex.org/W2316980685', 'https://openalex.org/W2332344392', 'https://openalex.org/W2560971695', 'https://openalex.org/W2561438836', 'https://openalex.org/W2754316252', 'https://openalex.org/W2796706837', 'https://openalex.org/W2978315572', 'https://openalex.org/W3124718528', 'https://openalex.org/W3127246382', 'https://openalex.org/W3142016963', 'https://openalex.org/W3157227988', 'https://openalex.org/W3168803143', 'https://openalex.org/W385297098'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W658356982', 'https://openalex.org/W570739447', 'https://openalex.org/W3200631370', 'https://openalex.org/W3046473746', 'https://openalex.org/W3017062582', 'https://openalex.org/W2902053490', 'https://openalex.org/W2807073229', 'https://openalex.org/W2766368404', 'https://openalex.org/W2604474330', 'https://openalex.org/W2393321174', 'https://openalex.org/W2341586923', 'https://openalex.org/W2138637513', 'https://openalex.org/W2112979626', 'https://openalex.org/W2095435156', 'https://openalex.org/W2087679088', 'https://openalex.org/W2083715685', 'https://openalex.org/W2080624414', 'https://openalex.org/W2008273947', 'https://openalex.org/W1955650079', 'https://openalex.org/W1655357866'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Introduction': [0], 'Consciousness': [1], 'is': [2, 27, 44, 49, 57, 72, 109, 116, 149, 179, 183, 185, 190, 215, 248, 322, 368, 373, 381, 456, 622], 'one': [3, 68, 88, 311, 318, 326], 'of': [4, 14, 34, 84, 161, 177, 212, 220, 224, 237, 252, 257, 267, 277, 291, 294, 307, 350, 365, 378, 386, 424, 448, 451, 459, 473, 487, 545, 554, 563, 567, 584, 599, 608, 616], 'the': [5, 32, 66, 82, 171, 175, 208, 218, 222, 234, 242, 264, 285, 289, 295, 300, 304, 336, 340, 353, 360, 369, 394, 402, 412, 418, 422, 449, 457, 484, 490, 496, 552, 561, 565, 568, 577, 582, 594, 606], 'ubiquitous': [6], 'phenomena': [7, 351], 'which': [8, 48, 245, 372, 514, 587], 'when': [9], 'subjected': [10], 'to': [11, 21, 118, 143, 195, 216, 274, 298, 330, 343, 400, 467, 499, 502, 526], 'any': [12], 'kind': [13, 33, 385], 'systematic': [15], 'study': [16], 'and': [17, 24, 36, 41, 53, 140, 158, 231, 239, 407, 417, 519, 586, 596, 610], 'analysis': [18], 'becomes': [19], 'elusive': [20, 113], 'comprehend,': [22], 'describe': [23], 'explain.': [25], 'It': [26, 56, 229], 'in': [62], 'this': [29, 213, 328, 392], 'respect': [30], 'that': [31, 47, 61, 320, 374, 442, 624], 'puzzlement': [35, 67], 'difficulty': [37], 'encountered': [38, 50], 'understanding': [40, 52], 'defining': [42, 54, 246], 'consciousness': [108], 'compared': [45], 'with': [46, 151, 477, 511], 'time.': [55], 'said,': [58], 'for': [59, 201, 462], 'example': [60], 'thinking': [63], 'about': [64, 81, 339, 548, 605, 628], 'consciousness,': [65, 136, 157, 379, 501, 585], 'finds': [69], 'oneself': [70], 'rather': [73], 'like': [74, 273], 'St.': [75], "Augustine's": [76], 'riddle': [77], 'his': [79], 'contemplations': [80], 'nature': [83, 566, 607], 'time:': [85], 'When': [86], 'no': [87, 100], 'asked': [89], 'him,': [90], 'he': [91, 99], 'knew': [92], 'what': [93, 120, 123, 155, 159, 482, 549, 611, 629], 'it': [94, 115, 121, 124, 128, 163, 197, 465, 621], 'is;': [95], 'being': [96], 'asked,': [97], 'however,': [98, 133], 'longer': [101], 'did.': [102], '(1)': [103], 'As': [104], 'David': [105, 588], 'Chalmers': [106, 589], 'notes,': [107], 'a': [110, 186, 250, 383], 'fascinating': [111], 'but': [112], 'phenomenon:': [114], 'impossible': [117], 'specify': [119], 'is,': [122, 396], 'does,': [125], 'or': [126, 348], 'why': [127, 135], 'evolved.': [129], '(2)': [130], 'One': [131], 'may,': [132], 'wonder': [134], 'something': [137], 'so': [138], 'familiar': [139], 'commonly': [141], 'close': [142], 'us,': [144], 'brews': [145], 'problems.': [146], 'Contemporary': [147], 'literature': [148], 'replete': [150], 'rigorous': [152], 'attempts': [153, 194], 'inquire': [154], 'makes': [156], 'sort': [160], 'problems': [162, 256, 266, 279, 296, 450, 583, 598], 'creates.': [164], 'However,': [165, 601], 'these': [166, 278, 314, 363, 427, 603], 'efforts': [167], 'have': [168], 'not': [169, 191], 'yielded': [170], 'desired': [172], 'result': [173, 198], 'because': [174], 'object': [176, 204, 223], 'inquiry': [178], 'itself': [180], 'opaque.': [181], "'What": [182], "'consciousness'?'": [184], 'question': [187, 395], 'whose': [188], 'answer': [189, 299], 'obvious.': [192], 'Hence,': [193], 'resolve': [196], 'searching': [200], 'an': [202], 'unknown': [203], 'by': [205, 534], 'groping': [206], 'dark.': [209], 'The': [210, 254, 282, 332, 530, 542, 556], 'focus': [211], 'paper': [214], 'elucidate': [217], 'problem': [219, 251, 371], 'identifying': [221], 'enquiry': [225], 'studies.': [228], 'identifies': [230], 'critically': [232], 'discusses': [233], 'different': [235, 388], 'conceptions': [236, 306], 'draws': [240], 'out': [241], 'sense': [243], 'really': [249], 'consciousness.': [253, 292, 452, 555, 600], 'general': [255, 265], 'What': [259, 302, 346, 358, 420], 'could': [260], 'be': [261, 537], 'regarded': [262, 445], 'as': [263, 344, 446, 581, 593], 'are': [269, 297, 303, 359, 398, 421, 443, 475, 483, 495, 547, 574, 614, 626], 'multifaceted.': [270], 'I': [271], 'would': [272], 'categorize': [275], 'some': [276, 376], 'into': [280, 539], 'two.': [281], 'first,': [283], 'concerns': [284, 335], 'epistemological': [286], 'issues': [287, 338, 441, 531, 546, 573, 604], 'on': [288, 560, 618], 'concept': [290, 354], 'Parts': [293], 'questions:': [301], 'various': [305], 'consciousness?': [308, 425, 460], 'How': [309, 316, 324], 'does': [310, 317, 325, 352, 431, 464, 613], 'distinguish': [312], 'among': [313, 362], 'conceptions?': [315], 'know': [319], 'she': [321], 'conscious?': [323], 'relate': [327, 466, 525], 'knowledge': [329], 'others?': [331], 'second': [333, 557], 'category,': [334], 'ontological': [337], 'phenomenon': [341, 569], 'referred': [342], "'consciousness'.": [345, 571], 'kinds': [347, 364], 'forms': [349, 472], "'consciousness'": [355, 630], 'refer': [356], 'to?': [357], 'differences': [361], 'phenomena?': [366], 'There': [367], 'further': [370], 'given': [375], 'properties': [377, 423, 428], 'supposedly': [382], 'distinct': [384], 'phenomenon,': [387], 'from': [389], 'matter.': [390], 'Given': [391], 'supposition,': [393], "'how": [397], 'we': [399, 509, 625], 'understand': [401], 'causal': [403, 413], 'relationships': [404], 'between': [405, 415], 'matter': [408, 474], 'and,': [409], 'particular,': [411, 481], 'relationship': [414], "brain?'": [419, 492], 'Do': [426], 'exist?': [429], 'Why': [430], 'their': [432, 619], 'existence': [433], 'create': [434], 'problems?': [435], 'Max': [436], 'Velmans': [437, 535], 'identified': [438], 'three': [439], 'fundamental': [440], 'often': [444], 'parts': [447], 'These': [453, 572], 'are:': [454], "'what": [455, 471, 494], 'function': [458], 'How,': [461], 'example,': [463], 'human': [468, 491], 'information': [469], "processing?';": [470], 'associated': [476], '-': [479], 'neural': [485], 'substrates': [486], 'and;': [493], 'appropriate': [497], 'ways': [498], 'examine': [500, 510], 'discover': [503], 'its': [504], 'nature?': [505], 'Which': [506], 'features': [507, 515], 'can': [508, 536], 'first-person': [512], 'methods,': [513, 518], 'require': [516], 'third-person': [517, 523], 'how': [520], 'do': [521], 'first-and': [522], 'findings': [524], 'each': [527], "other?'": [528], '(3)': [529], 'raised': [532], 'grouped': [538], 'two': [540], 'categories.': [541], 'first': [543], 'category': [544, 558], 'does;': [551], 'functions': [553], 'bothers': [559], 'ontology': [562], 'consciousness;': [564], 'called': [570], 'embedded': [575], 'questions': [578], 'earlier': [579], 'highlighted': [580], '(4)': [590], 'summed': [591], 'up': [592], "'easy'": [595], "'hard'": [597], 'while': [602], 'worthy': [615], 'consideration': [617], 'own,': [620], 'important': [623], 'clear': [627], 'is.': [631], '…': [632]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W85777234', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T03:01:16.623416', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}