Title: Teaching Strategies for Children with Autism
Abstract: IntroductionAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a life-long neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal, and non-verbal communication, and a restricted repertoire of activities and interests (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association published the fifth version of the DSM (DSM-5). This edition consolidated the three distinct ASD conditions from the DSM-IV-TR (autistic disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder: not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger disorder) into one condition (autism spectrum disorder) that no longer has subtypes. Individuals with a well-established DSM-IV diagnosis of autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified should be given the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Individuals who have marked deficits in social communication, but whose symptoms do not otherwise meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder, should be evaluated for social (pragmatic) communication disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).Recently (March 30, 2012), data from the Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring Network Surveillance (ADDM), reported by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), indicated a significant increase in prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (ADDM, 2014). The ADDM Network ASD case definition has been based on the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria since the initial (2000) surveillance year. For 2010, the overall prevalence of ASD among the ADDM sites was 14.7 per 1,000 (one in 68) children aged 8 years. This estimate varied widely across all sites, from 5.7 to 21.9 per 1,000 children aged 8 years. There were wide variations by gender and racial/ethnic groups. Approximately one in 42 boys and one in 189 girls living in the ADDM Network communities were identified as having ASD (ADDM, 2014).MaterialSearch StrategyPotentially relevant articles, reported between 1971 till 2014 were found via computer-aided literature searches. The keywords used for the electronic searches were 'teaching strategies' and 'autism', 'educational interventions' and 'autism', 'ABA' and 'autism', 'TEACCH' and 'autism', 'LEAP' and 'autism', 'The Denver Health Sciences Centre Program' and 'autism', and 'Early Early Start Denver Model' and 'autism'. The following indexing systems were searched: PsycINFO, ERIC, Health Medicine, Sport Discus, Scopus and Web of Science.Study selectionAfter locating a series of studies, on the basis of article titles and abstracts, each study to be included in this review had to meet a set of priory criteria regarding relevance to the purpose of this paper. The following six eligibility criteria were selected: a) must be original study published from 1971 till 2014 b) must be published in the English language; c) Must be located in periodical publications (i.e., studies located in books, unpublished papers [e.g., doctoral dissertations, master thesis], conference proceedings, or in book chapters were excluded); d) must be mainly focused on children (9 months-22 years old) (e) must provide a clear definition of the sample selected, the assessment instruments employed, and the data analyzes used; f) must include of at least one student who was clinically diagnosed with autism. To determine reliability of the coding progress, I assessed all selected studies according to the 6 eligibility criteria.Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)Since 1970's the science of ABA has been used to create a program for individuals with autism that target specific skills in a specialized sequence, the goal being to alter behavior so as to increase and / or improve socialization, communication, and general adaptive functioning (Jensen & Sinclair, 2002). The ABA approach teaches social, motor, and verbal behaviors as well as reasoning skills (Harris & Delmolino, 2002). ABA uses careful behavioral observation and positive reinforcement or prompting to each step of a behavior (Simpson, 2001). …
Publication Year: 2015
Publication Date: 2015-03-01
Language: en
Type: article
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Cited By Count: 3
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