Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W81959248', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1144139', 'title': 'Race, Juvenile Justice, and Mental Health: New Dimensions in Measuring Pervasive Bias', 'display_name': 'Race, Juvenile Justice, and Mental Health: New Dimensions in Measuring Pervasive Bias', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W81959248', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1144139', 'mag': '81959248'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1144139', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S66810094', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)', 'issn_l': '0091-4169', 'issn': ['0091-4169', '2160-0325'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316702', 'host_organization_name': 'Northwestern University School of Law', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Northwestern University School of Law'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6999&context=jclc', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089799915', 'display_name': 'Will Thomas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-3322'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I138006243', 'display_name': 'University of Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03m2x1q45', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I138006243']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43267033', 'display_name': 'Quinnipiac University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00mpz5a50', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43267033']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. John Thomas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for the Study of Health Law and Policy, Quinnipiac College School of Law;, Instructor, Yale School of Medicine, De-partment of Epidemiology and Public Health. J.D., 1982, University of Arizona School of Law; LL.M., 1988, M.P.H., 1996,', 'University of Arizona.', 'Yale Child Study Cen-ter, M.D., 1985,', 'Yale Child Study Center for', 'Yale University. We thankJames'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Arizona.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I138006243']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale Child Study Center for', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale University. We thankJames', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for the Study of Health Law and Policy, Quinnipiac College School of Law;, Instructor, Yale School of Medicine, De-partment of Epidemiology and Public Health. J.D., 1982, University of Arizona School of Law; LL.M., 1988, M.P.H., 1996,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43267033']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale Child Study Cen-ter, M.D., 1985,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035437454', 'display_name': 'Dorothy Stubbe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-045X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I138006243', 'display_name': 'University of Arizona', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03m2x1q45', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I138006243']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43267033', 'display_name': 'Quinnipiac University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00mpz5a50', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43267033']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dorothy E. Stubbe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for the Study of Health Law and Policy, Quinnipiac College School of Law;, Instructor, Yale School of Medicine, De-partment of Epidemiology and Public Health. J.D., 1982, University of Arizona School of Law; LL.M., 1988, M.P.H., 1996,', 'University of Arizona.', 'Yale Child Study Cen-ter, M.D., 1985,', 'Yale Child Study Center for', 'Yale University. We thankJames'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Arizona.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I138006243']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale Child Study Center for', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale University. We thankJames', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for the Study of Health Law and Policy, Quinnipiac College School of Law;, Instructor, Yale School of Medicine, De-partment of Epidemiology and Public Health. J.D., 1982, University of Arizona School of Law; LL.M., 1988, M.P.H., 1996,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43267033']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale Child Study Cen-ter, M.D., 1985,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058451285', 'display_name': 'Geraldine S. Pearson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-4860'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210131939', 'display_name': 'Suburban Community Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02kcjwx60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131939']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Geraldine Pearson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Clinical Nurse Specialist, Riverview Hospital; R.N., University of Connecticut. 'Wimm MACDONALm, A STORY OFJUVETNI COURTS FROM TEIR INCEPTION TO TBE"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Clinical Nurse Specialist, Riverview Hospital; R.N., University of Connecticut. 'Wimm MACDONALm, A STORY OFJUVETNI COURTS FROM TEIR INCEPTION TO TBE", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210131939']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.844583, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 80, 'max': 81}, 'biblio': {'volume': '89', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '615', 'last_page': '615'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10318', 'display_name': 'Impact of Mass Incarceration on Society and Individuals', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10318', 'display_name': 'Impact of Mass Incarceration on Society and Individuals', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10574', 'display_name': 'Impact of Social Structure on Crime and Delinquency', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10426', 'display_name': 'Effects of Childhood Trauma and Adversity', 'score': 0.9911, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-bias', 'display_name': 'Judicial Bias', 'score': 0.591643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism-factors', 'display_name': 'Recidivism Factors', 'score': 0.512817}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76509639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036', 'display_name': 'Race (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.835412}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139621336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382', 'display_name': 'Economic Justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66022587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134362201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309', 'display_name': 'Mental health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65159583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961737', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282', 'display_name': 'Juvenile', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48014256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36818093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73484699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733', 'display_name': 'Criminology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3657031}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3534073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23224059}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21714503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1516845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107993555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673', 'display_name': 'Gender studies', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08280778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.06123084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.060180724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/1144139', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S66810094', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-)', 'issn_l': '0091-4169', 'issn': ['0091-4169', '2160-0325'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316702', 'host_organization_name': 'Northwestern University School of Law', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Northwestern University School of Law'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol89/iss2/4', 'pdf_url': 'https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6999&context=jclc', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196103', 'display_name': 'bepress Legal Repository (Bepress (United States))', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210093185', 'host_organization_name': 'Bepress (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210093185'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bepress (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol89/iss2/4', 'pdf_url': 'https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6999&context=jclc', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196103', 'display_name': 'bepress Legal Repository (Bepress (United States))', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210093185', 'host_organization_name': 'Bepress (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210093185'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bepress (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 2, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1574689478', 'https://openalex.org/W2083202098'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W634680662', 'https://openalex.org/W594291572', 'https://openalex.org/W4211235095', 'https://openalex.org/W2918291013', 'https://openalex.org/W2806517147', 'https://openalex.org/W2621220062', 'https://openalex.org/W2254006383', 'https://openalex.org/W2157635577', 'https://openalex.org/W2104010676', 'https://openalex.org/W2057305279'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'similar': [0], 'to': [1, 9], 'it,': [2], 'after': [3], 'which': [4], 'they': [5], 'may': [6, 21], 'be': [7, 22], 'sent': [8], 'the': [10, 14, 18], 'proper': [11], 'Institution,': [12], 'where': [13], 'best': [15], 'care': [16], 'for': [17], 'individual': [19], 'case': [20], 'given.': [23]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W81959248', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-22T03:53:26.590453', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}