Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W796211541', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr2.16042011.16', 'title': 'Enhancing Phonological Patterns of Young Children With Highly Unintelligible Speech', 'display_name': 'Enhancing Phonological Patterns of Young Children With Highly Unintelligible Speech', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W796211541', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr2.16042011.16', 'mag': '796211541'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr2.16042011.16', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764768849', 'display_name': 'ASHA Leader', 'issn_l': '1085-9586', 'issn': ['1085-9586'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320281', 'host_organization_name': 'American Speech–Language–Hearing Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320281'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Speech–Language–Hearing Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030772474', 'display_name': 'Barbara Williams Hodson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Barbara Williams Hodson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5030772474'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.712, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 11, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.811267, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': '16', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '16', 'last_page': '19'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10730', 'display_name': 'Language Development and Acquisition in Children', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10730', 'display_name': 'Language Development and Acquisition in Children', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10103', 'display_name': 'Development of Reading Skills and Dyslexia', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10403', 'display_name': 'Speech Perception and Phonetics', 'score': 0.9959, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-awareness', 'display_name': 'Phonological Awareness', 'score': 0.639641}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/articulatory-phonetics', 'display_name': 'Articulatory Phonetics', 'score': 0.585214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/child-directed-speech', 'display_name': 'Child-Directed Speech', 'score': 0.575351}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-phonetics', 'display_name': 'Acoustic Phonetics', 'score': 0.572705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-perception', 'display_name': 'Speech Perception', 'score': 0.567581}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548259974', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965', 'display_name': 'Audiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6192212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.58745575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.257604}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr2.16042011.16', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764768849', 'display_name': 'ASHA Leader', 'issn_l': '1085-9586', 'issn': ['1085-9586'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320281', 'host_organization_name': 'American Speech–Language–Hearing Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320281'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Speech–Language–Hearing Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Quality education', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'score': 0.81}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 51, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1481994452', 'https://openalex.org/W1484460351', 'https://openalex.org/W1517497376', 'https://openalex.org/W153497194', 'https://openalex.org/W1540762994', 'https://openalex.org/W1660465792', 'https://openalex.org/W1968597813', 'https://openalex.org/W1972045892', 'https://openalex.org/W1974094943', 'https://openalex.org/W1978548353', 'https://openalex.org/W1988212471', 'https://openalex.org/W1994012546', 'https://openalex.org/W2011919882', 'https://openalex.org/W2012281070', 'https://openalex.org/W2013088851', 'https://openalex.org/W2015366056', 'https://openalex.org/W2020925677', 'https://openalex.org/W2021760129', 'https://openalex.org/W2026040019', 'https://openalex.org/W2040127729', 'https://openalex.org/W2040315727', 'https://openalex.org/W2049826494', 'https://openalex.org/W2053696084', 'https://openalex.org/W2054339239', 'https://openalex.org/W2054344745', 'https://openalex.org/W2057735592', 'https://openalex.org/W2059845705', 'https://openalex.org/W2060961244', 'https://openalex.org/W2065976967', 'https://openalex.org/W2075314701', 'https://openalex.org/W2084878082', 'https://openalex.org/W2091288983', 'https://openalex.org/W2093409785', 'https://openalex.org/W2107425573', 'https://openalex.org/W2115944317', 'https://openalex.org/W2170587460', 'https://openalex.org/W2308724400', 'https://openalex.org/W2502493513', 'https://openalex.org/W2728666433', 'https://openalex.org/W2741630767', 'https://openalex.org/W287763031', 'https://openalex.org/W2971240439', 'https://openalex.org/W336489904', 'https://openalex.org/W362237489', 'https://openalex.org/W373740832', 'https://openalex.org/W4239949579', 'https://openalex.org/W571735975', 'https://openalex.org/W608800602', 'https://openalex.org/W652905104', 'https://openalex.org/W69315759', 'https://openalex.org/W819359602'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3049356719', 'https://openalex.org/W2931662336', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2765597752', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2138503431', 'https://openalex.org/W2134894512', 'https://openalex.org/W2077865380', 'https://openalex.org/W2053487507', 'https://openalex.org/W1710126152'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'You': [0], 'have': [1, 129, 206, 345, 408, 2701], 'accessThe': [2], 'ASHA': [3, 1991, 2770], 'LeaderFeature1': [4], 'Apr': [5, 3572], '2011Enhancing': [6], 'Phonological': [7, 265, 1137, 1470, 1544, 2301, 2414, 2528, 2568, 2633, 2731, 2745, 2819, 2863, 2950, 2979, 3551], 'Patterns': [8], 'of': [9, 50, 150, 160, 186, 253, 292, 338, 402, 432, 441, 532, 534, 553, 590, 616, 683, 703, 730, 828, 849, 899, 1004, 1021, 1100, 1174, 1334, 1378, 1403, 1453, 1506, 1608, 1658, 1687, 1773, 1802, 1811, 1848, 1894, 1919, 2004, 2027, 2038, 2049, 2052, 2072, 2087, 2101, 2135, 2312, 2330, 2342, 2355, 2440, 2448, 2483, 2488, 2507, 2514, 2553, 2587, 2591, 2609, 2618, 2730, 2744, 2762, 2802, 2823, 2826, 2834, 2874, 2932, 2937, 2965, 2993, 3044, 3061, 3075, 3083, 3091, 3116, 3124, 3143, 3164, 3173, 3219, 3236, 3246, 3273, 3281, 3299, 3315, 3321, 3395, 3401, 3454, 3485, 3494, 3501, 3512, 3521], 'Young': [10, 41, 1532], 'Children': [11, 351, 1145, 1213, 1240, 1258, 1407, 1508, 3084, 3548], 'With': [12, 3549], 'Highly': [13], 'Unintelligible': [14], 'Speech': [15, 2282, 2313, 2449, 2489, 2515, 2835, 2875, 3081, 3144, 3220, 3412, 3502], 'Barbara': [16, 20, 3531], 'Williams': [17, 21, 3423, 3532], 'HodsonPhD,': [18], 'CCC-SLP': [19, 32], 'Hodson': [22, 1133, 2411, 2433, 2582, 2600, 2650, 2669, 2695, 2724, 2727, 2739, 2742, 2754, 2777, 2797, 2809, 2843, 2857, 2883, 2902, 2921, 2944, 3069, 3186, 3209, 3231, 3533], 'Google': [23, 2151, 2171, 2199, 2233, 2268, 2291, 2368, 2379, 2391, 2428, 2475, 2545, 2577, 2693, 2722, 2737, 2752, 2775, 2795, 2807, 2855, 2900, 2919, 2974, 2986, 3026, 3049, 3065, 3098, 3205, 3263, 3305, 3344, 3369, 3384, 3421, 3444], 'Scholar': [24, 2152, 2172, 2200, 2234, 2269, 2292, 2320, 2350, 2369, 2380, 2392, 2407, 2429, 2456, 2476, 2496, 2522, 2546, 2564, 2578, 2597, 2624, 2649, 2668, 2694, 2723, 2738, 2753, 2776, 2796, 2808, 2842, 2856, 2882, 2901, 2920, 2943, 2975, 2987, 3006, 3027, 3050, 3066, 3099, 3130, 3151, 3182, 3206, 3227, 3264, 3287, 3306, 3330, 3345, 3370, 3385, 3408, 3422, 3445], 'More': [25], 'articles': [26], 'by': [27, 94, 122, 269, 335, 437, 458, 466, 473, 500, 1224, 1990, 2069, 2442], 'this': [28, 697, 1058, 1638, 1912, 1944, 2064], 'author': [29], ',': [30], 'PhD,': [31], 'https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR2.16042011.16': [33], 'SectionsAbout': [34], 'ToolsAdd': [35], 'to': [36, 70, 72, 83, 85, 181, 244, 290, 295, 332, 344, 383, 397, 446, 497, 524, 538, 687, 693, 719, 764, 840, 892, 903, 940, 952, 985, 1025, 1031, 1037, 1062, 1152, 1162, 1236, 1279, 1315, 1337, 1341, 1409, 1415, 1433, 1437, 1447, 1535, 1599, 1624, 1683, 1703, 1778, 1798, 1815, 1821, 1833, 1891, 1908, 1926, 1928, 1940, 1957, 1999, 2045, 2079, 2188, 2252, 2572, 2789, 2895, 2914, 3080, 3190, 3564], 'favorites': [37], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinked': [38], 'In': [39, 575, 618], 'http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2011/110405/Enhancing-Phonological-Patterns-of-Young-Children-With-Highly-Unintelligible-Speech.htm': [40], 'clients': [42, 752, 2053], 'with': [43, 115, 117, 171, 190, 347, 352, 599, 665, 713, 753, 834, 932, 1088, 1214, 1365, 1372, 1450, 1522, 1583, 1666, 1744, 1782, 1861, 2032, 2054, 2211, 2245, 2308, 2445, 2612, 2677, 2764, 2829, 2955, 3039, 3085, 3170, 3238], 'speech-sound': [44, 76, 118, 173, 280, 354, 1523, 1977, 2055], 'deviations': [45, 2825], 'comprise': [46], 'the': [47, 67, 148, 155, 158, 301, 438, 444, 468, 535, 547, 588, 614, 619, 684, 691, 701, 724, 740, 762, 766, 788, 791, 797, 804, 813, 822, 830, 842, 873, 897, 994, 1002, 1089, 1125, 1128, 1159, 1172, 1184, 1188, 1206, 1219, 1330, 1375, 1381, 1473, 1488, 1495, 1504, 1568, 1595, 1614, 1619, 1667, 1675, 1705, 1714, 1719, 1723, 1734, 1740, 1755, 1761, 1764, 1771, 1774, 1779, 1787, 1791, 1812, 1853, 1859, 1901, 1922, 1929, 1938, 1953, 1961, 1986, 1994, 2050, 2073, 2085, 2094, 2182, 2331, 2508, 2551, 3057, 3399, 3452, 3495], 'largest': [48], 'group': [49, 2043], 'children': [51, 116, 170, 189, 330, 382, 512, 598, 651, 685, 801, 1008, 1178, 1234, 1281, 1339, 1425, 1521, 1533, 1840, 2031, 2210, 2244, 2286, 2307, 2763, 2954, 3038, 3169, 3237], 'receiving': [52], 'speech-language': [53, 63, 560, 2463, 3058], 'services': [54, 561], '(see': [55, 526, 592, 975], 'Table': [56], 'A': [57, 451, 1097, 1695, 2014, 2141, 2327, 2436, 2505, 2892, 2911], '[PDF]': [58, 978], 'online;': [59], 'ASHA,': [60, 95], '2010).': [61, 1257, 2232, 2267], 'Practicing': [62], 'pathologists': [64], 'often': [65], 'use': [66, 550], 'term': [68, 92], '“articulation”': [69], 'refer': [71, 84], 'mild': [73, 172, 2614], 'or': [74, 81, 87, 219, 231, 238, 340, 644, 928, 1660, 1836, 2083], 'moderate': [75], 'disorders': [77, 119, 174, 1524, 1978, 2056, 2284, 2359, 3338, 3436], 'and': [78, 152, 259, 279, 299, 309, 320, 349, 407, 460, 475, 580, 607, 627, 657, 744, 785, 826, 866, 906, 960, 972, 979, 1041, 1070, 1156, 1169, 1199, 1244, 1261, 1313, 1332, 1346, 1440, 1443, 1558, 1656, 1790, 1795, 1863, 1873, 1952, 1966, 1982, 2195, 2220, 2256, 2279, 2303, 2314, 2339, 2345, 2357, 2418, 2450, 2462, 2468, 2485, 2490, 2516, 2530, 2533, 2538, 2559, 2635, 2641, 2657, 2660, 2686, 2706, 2759, 2781, 2787, 2821, 2836, 2868, 2876, 2998, 3019, 3056, 3077, 3087, 3094, 3145, 3176, 3198, 3221, 3248, 3258, 3324, 3336, 3359, 3379, 3415, 3457, 3469, 3473, 3488, 3508, 3519, 3525, 3534, 3540, 3554], 'either': [79], '“phonology”': [80], '“apraxia”': [82], 'severe': [86], 'profound': [88], 'issues.': [89], 'The': [90, 108, 262, 389, 430, 1052, 1082, 1430, 1546, 1561, 1602, 1621, 1642, 1677, 1710, 1752, 1767, 1856, 1897, 1914, 2036, 2185, 2373, 2800, 2962, 2971, 3162, 3313], 'umbrella': [91], 'preferred': [93], 'however,': [96, 2092], 'is': [97, 153, 166, 377, 396, 435, 492, 495, 504, 819, 915, 983, 989, 996, 1103, 1107, 1139, 1166, 1183, 1391, 1432, 1518, 1623, 1635, 1698, 1737, 1776, 1905, 1970, 2090, 2105, 3448], '“speech-sound': [98], 'disorders”': [99], '(Bernthal,': [100], 'Bankson,': [101], '&': [102, 1094, 1134, 1255, 1419, 2060, 2130, 2146, 2177, 2203, 2237, 2274, 2297, 2323, 2395, 2410, 2432, 2581, 2602, 2629, 2709, 2815, 2845, 2859, 2885, 2904, 2925, 2946, 3030, 3108, 3133, 3158, 3185, 3211, 3230, 3267, 3290, 3309, 3354, 3373, 3427, 3580], 'Flipsen,': [103], '2009).': [104], 'Major': [105], 'Early': [106, 3034], 'Contributions': [107], 'earliest': [109], 'published': [110, 2228, 2263], 'comprehensive': [111], 'method': [112, 390], 'for': [113, 157, 169, 188, 213, 241, 303, 381, 393, 424, 453, 510, 529, 559, 650, 655, 672, 749, 761, 856, 1127, 1187, 1395, 1455, 1520, 1528, 1618, 1713, 1718, 1763, 1808, 1852, 1865, 1875, 1976, 2018, 2030, 2099, 2108, 2138, 2209, 2243, 2421, 2675, 2953, 3194, 3277, 3361, 3433, 3547], 'working': [114], 'was': [120, 647, 747, 760, 2007], 'developed': [121], 'Charles': [123], 'Van': [124], 'Riper': [125], '(1939).': [126, 3411], 'Although': [127], 'there': [128], 'been': [130, 179, 1551], 'many': [131], 'adaptations': [132, 1947], '(e.g.,': [133, 175, 248, 708, 727, 779, 854, 1389, 1476, 1650, 1700, 1748, 1878, 2057], 'behaviorism': [134], 'overlay)': [135], 'from': [136, 522, 890, 938, 1001, 1057, 1503, 1567, 1727, 1770, 1993], 'his': [137], 'original': [138], 'work': [139, 211, 283], 'more': [140, 403, 507, 1585, 2109], 'than': [141, 362, 404, 513, 723, 1541, 2118], '70': [142], 'years': [143, 240, 337, 472, 1252], 'ago,': [144], 'it': [145, 635, 818], 'has': [146, 178, 217, 228, 1055, 1550], 'survived': [147], 'test': [149], 'time': [151, 187, 800], 'still': [154], 'foundation': [156, 1951], 'practice': [159, 1278, 1804, 1959, 2208, 2242, 2461, 3011, 3055], 'most': [161, 682, 1085, 1758], 'SLPs.': [162], 'This': [163, 1181, 1516], 'phoneme-oriented': [164, 209], 'approach': [165, 1053, 1061, 1084, 1130, 2095, 2187, 2894, 2913], 'considered': [167, 496], 'adequate': [168, 1245], 'lisp),': [176], 'but': [177, 224, 566, 999, 1500, 1627, 1904, 1933], 'found': [180, 738], 'require': [182], 'an': [183, 448, 583, 720, 2400], 'incredible': [184], 'amount': [185], 'highly': [191, 600, 754, 2033, 2422, 2765], 'unintelligible': [192, 601, 755, 2034, 2423, 2607, 2766, 2867], 'speech': [193, 602, 611, 1110, 1412, 2136, 2212, 2246, 2385, 2509, 2555, 2824, 2870, 3171, 3239, 3378, 3434], 'as': [194, 296, 311, 313, 623, 716, 783, 790, 870, 872, 963, 1074, 1076, 1112, 1114, 1124, 1203, 1264, 1380, 1525, 1527, 2122, 2511], 'they': [195, 341, 675, 810, 966, 1265, 1293, 1307, 1934], '“perfect”': [196], 'one': [197, 411, 563, 732, 917, 922, 1485], 'sound': [198, 243, 832, 1151, 1161, 1221, 1356, 2213, 2247, 2283, 2386, 2995, 3240, 3435], '(or': [199, 912, 1353], 'cognate': [200], 'pair)': [201], 'at': [202, 409, 587, 613, 733, 836, 1329, 1374, 1393, 1943, 3459, 3478], 'a': [203, 214, 225, 229, 246, 274, 399, 422, 480, 489, 505, 530, 555, 648, 717, 734, 857, 910, 1140, 1153, 1163, 1196, 1326, 1396, 1451, 1456, 1465, 1589, 1606, 1672, 1843, 1846, 1866, 1917, 1949, 2019, 2106, 2512, 2610, 2613, 2827, 2830, 2933, 3449], 'time.': [204, 1945], 'SLPs': [205, 285, 1973], 'reported': [207], 'that': [208, 329, 417, 426, 477, 595, 639, 739, 821, 901, 948, 987, 993, 1054, 1104, 1297, 1424, 1481, 1612, 1754, 1974, 2008, 2093, 2112, 2115], 'methods': [210], 'well': [212, 312, 1075, 1113, 1526], 'child': [215, 226, 556, 763, 792, 823, 874, 1397, 1496, 1562, 1622, 1643, 1756, 1780, 1898, 1930, 1939, 1954, 2611, 2828], 'who': [216, 227, 491, 652, 1398, 2075], 'two': [218, 501, 925, 939, 1800], 'three': [220, 621, 929, 1030], 'sounds': [221, 234, 853], 'in': [222, 250, 255, 257, 260, 267, 324, 368, 443, 471, 546, 562, 570, 609, 679, 772, 795, 806, 838, 969, 1009, 1195, 1494, 1512, 1554, 1645, 1674, 1823, 1842, 1900, 2040, 2192, 2223, 2226, 2259, 2261, 2285, 2306, 2502, 2541, 2556, 2644, 2663, 2714, 2850, 2871, 2981, 3001, 3012, 3022, 3037, 3140, 3201, 3339, 3391, 3398, 3437, 3451, 3570], 'error,': [223], 'dozen': [230], 'so': [232, 992, 1480, 2111], 'missing': [233], 'may': [235, 557, 567, 1578], 'take': [236], 'five': [237, 891, 941, 1661], 'six': [239], 'each': [242, 251, 861, 933, 1150, 1335, 1931, 2041], 'reach': [245], 'criterion': [247, 1155], '90%)': [249], 'position': [252], 'words,': [254, 776, 809], 'phrases,': [256], 'sentences,': [258], 'conversation.': [261, 1212], 'landmark': [263], 'book,': [264], 'Disability': [266], 'Children,': [268], 'David': [270], 'Ingram': [271, 2976], '(1976),': [272], 'provided': [273, 1636], 'bridge': [275], 'between': [276, 605, 1344, 2333], 'linguistic': [277], 'phonology': [278, 585, 1011, 1068, 1080, 1091, 1102, 2683, 2716, 3468], 'disorders.': [281], 'His': [282], 'helped': [284], 'look': [286], 'beyond': [287], 'individual': [288, 3396], 'phonemes': [289, 714, 1373], 'patterns': [291, 707, 884, 900, 950, 974, 1194, 1202, 1207, 1436, 2687], 'deviations,': [293], 'referred': [294, 1814], 'phonological': [297, 314, 359, 706, 883, 949, 1046, 1063, 1105, 1193, 1268, 1514, 1596, 1707, 1724, 1728, 2139, 2189, 2280, 2310, 2337, 2358, 2758, 2784, 2893, 2912, 2957, 3041, 3192, 3278, 3296, 3319, 3337], '“processes,”': [298], 'paved': [300], 'way': [302], 'new': [304, 843, 1267, 1283, 1411, 1615], 'phonologically': [305, 2437], 'based': [306, 1065, 1108, 2438], 'remediation': [307, 2415, 2822], 'principles': [308, 1073], 'procedures': [310], 'assessment': [315, 1729, 2529, 2705], 'instruments.': [316], 'Intelligibility': [317, 503, 573, 3082], 'Considerations': [318, 1965], 'Bishop': [319, 2295, 2321], 'Adams': [321, 2324], '(1990)': [322], 'posited': [323], 'their': [325, 363, 807, 1238, 1249, 1303, 1317, 1513, 2005], 'critical': [326, 820], 'age': [327, 339, 470], 'hypothesis': [328], 'need': [331, 692, 1241, 1534, 2016, 2107], 'be': [333, 384, 419, 428, 464, 498, 824, 904, 953, 1026, 1363, 1384, 1536, 1579, 1600, 2046, 2067, 2097], 'intelligible': [334, 385, 494, 1028, 2869, 2890, 2909], '5½': [336], 'are': [342, 514, 1299, 1509, 1573, 1690, 1796, 1818, 1828, 1831, 1889, 1979, 2011], 'likely': [343], 'difficulty': [346], 'decoding': [348], 'spelling.': [350], 'severe/profound': [353], 'difficulties': [355], 'frequently': [356], 'demonstrate': [357], 'poorer': [358], 'awareness': [360, 1708, 1893, 2634, 2951], 'skills': [361, 1247, 1414, 2761, 3167], 'typically': [364, 935, 1146, 1175, 1217, 1529], 'developing': [365, 1176, 1530], 'peers,': [366], 'which,': [367], 'turn,': [369], 'negatively': [370], 'affect': [371], 'literacy': [372, 2304, 3166, 3249, 3380], 'acquisition': [373, 516, 540, 1138, 3400], '(Gillon,': [374], '2004).': [375], 'There': [376, 1165, 1969, 2103], 'some': [378, 533], 'urgency,': [379], 'therefore,': [380], 'before': [386, 669, 1458, 1670], 'entering': [387], 'school.': [388], 'generally': [391, 604, 2012], 'recommended': [392], 'assessing': [394], 'intelligibility': [395, 449, 455, 1442, 2552, 2681], 'obtain': [398, 447, 3191], 'connected-speech': [400], 'sample': [401, 445], '100': [405], 'words': [406, 416, 425, 433, 442, 1361, 1587, 1611, 1665, 1743, 1910, 1920, 1942], 'least': [410], 'unfamiliar': [412], 'listener': [413], 'write': [414], 'down': [415], 'can': [418, 463, 1351, 1483], 'understood,': [420], 'placing': [421], 'dash': [423], 'cannot': [427], 'identified.': [429], 'number': [431, 440, 478, 898, 2037], 'understood': [434], 'divided': [436, 954], 'total': [439], 'percentage.': [450], 'guideline': [452], 'expected': [454], '(originally': [456], 'proposed': [457], 'Caplan': [459], 'Gleason,': [461], '1988)': [462], 'calculated': [465], 'dividing': [467], 'child’s': [469, 1466, 1474, 1489, 1706], 'four': [474, 1032, 1659], 'converting': [476], 'into': [479, 955, 1211], 'percentage:': [481], '2-year-old:': [482], '50%': [483, 493], '3-year-old:': [484], '75%': [485], '4-year-old:': [486], '100%': [487, 770], 'Thus': [488], '4-year-old': [490], '“delayed”': [499], 'years.': [502], 'much': [506], 'meaningful': [508], 'measure': [509], 'young': [511, 751, 1007, 1177], 'phoneme': [515, 539, 911, 1716], 'normative': [517], 'data,': [518], 'which': [519, 1191, 2865], 'vary': [520], 'greatly': [521], 'study': [523, 525, 2024, 2065, 2329], 'Smit,': [527], '1986,': [528], 'review': [531, 2000], 'issues': [536], 'related': [537], 'norms).': [541], 'Because': [542], 'different': [543, 551], 'school': [544, 564], 'districts': [545], 'United': [548], 'States': [549], 'sets': [552], 'norms,': [554], 'qualify': [558, 569], 'district': [565], 'not': [568, 1148, 1232, 1629, 1819, 1906, 1936, 3016], 'another.': [571], 'Expediting': [572, 2680], 'Gains': [574], '1975,': [576], 'we': [577, 629, 663, 699, 1288, 1298, 2702], '(graduate': [578], 'students': [579], 'author)': [581], 'began': [582, 967], 'experimental': [584, 2023, 2503], 'clinic': [586, 1817], 'University': [589, 1020], 'Illinois': [591], 'Hodson,': [593, 1477], '2010)': [594], 'accepted': [596], 'only': [597], '(intelligibility': [603], '0%': [606], '15%': [608], 'spontaneous': [610], 'samples': [612], 'onset': [615], 'treatment).': [617], 'first': [620, 646, 959, 1394], 'years,': [622], 'hypotheses': [624], 'were': [625, 811, 1023], 'formulated': [626], 'tested,': [628], 'made': [630], 'drastic': [631], 'changes.': [632], 'For': [633, 1731, 1870], 'example,': [634, 1732, 1871], 'soon': [636, 871], 'became': [637], 'apparent': [638], 'targeting': [640, 666, 882], 'word-initial': [641], 'singleton': [642, 670, 688], '/f/': [643], '/s/': [645, 660, 667, 711, 1738, 1746], 'mistake': [649], 'substituted': [653], 'stops': [654], 'stridents': [656, 671], 'also': [658, 737, 880, 907, 946, 1321, 1501, 2104], 'reduced': [659], 'clusters.': [661], 'As': [662], 'experimented': [664], 'clusters': [668, 1747], 'these': [673, 750, 869, 1631, 1688, 2077], 'children,': [674], 'achieved': [676], 'major': [677, 1185], 'gains': [678], 'intelligibility.': [680], 'Moreover,': [681], 'generalized': [686], 'stridents,': [689], 'eliminating': [690], 'target': [694, 768, 831, 868, 1434, 1616, 1664, 1717, 1762, 1924], 'them.': [695, 878], 'During': [696, 3499], 'period,': [698], 'explored': [700, 881], 'concept': [702], 'focusing': [704], 'on': [705, 742, 896, 1066, 1077, 1109, 1115, 1171, 1309, 1446, 1593, 3121, 3318, 3537], 'final': [709, 1876, 1895], 'consonants,': [710], 'clusters),': [712], 'serving': [715], 'means': [718], 'end': [721, 725, 1333], 'rather': [722, 1540], 'goal': [726, 759], '90%': [728, 1154], 'mastery': [729], 'phonemes,': [731], 'time).': [735], 'We': [736, 847, 879, 945, 1275, 1320, 1422], 'emphasis': [741], '“counting': [743], 'charting': [745], 'errors”': [746], 'counterproductive': [748], 'speech.': [756, 2035, 2767], 'Instead,': [757], 'our': [758, 1010, 1816], 'produce': [765, 877], 'specified': [767], 'pattern': [769, 934, 1457, 1597, 1617, 1669, 1725, 1736, 1868], 'correctly': [771], 'carefully': [773, 1662], 'selected': [774, 1663, 1989], 'production-practice': [775, 808, 1564, 1647, 1792, 1825], 'incorporating': [777], '“assists”': [778], 'tactile': [780], 'cues,': [781], 'amplification)': [782], 'needed,': [784], 'phasing': [786], 'out': [787], 'assists': [789], 'gained': [793], 'facility': [794], 'producing': [796, 829], 'target.': [798], 'Every': [799], 'continued': [802], 'making': [803], 'error': [805, 1291, 1304, 1382], 'reinforcing': [812], 'inaccurate': [814, 1310], 'kinesthetic': [815, 845, 1260, 1285, 1311], 'image.': [816, 846], 'Thus,': [817], '“stimulable”': [825], 'capable': [827], '(usually': [833], 'assistance': [835], 'first)': [837], 'order': [839], 'develop': [841], 'accurate': [844, 1284], 'would,': [848], 'course,': [850], '“stimulate”': [851], 'nonstimulable': [852], '/k/)': [855], 'few': [858], 'minutes': [859, 1801], 'during': [860, 1248, 1325, 1368, 1588, 1637, 1692, 1911, 1960, 2638], 'session': [862, 1336, 1775], '(i.e.,': [863, 921, 1034], 'teach': [864], 'stimulability)': [865], 'then': [867, 961, 1157, 1200, 1301, 1444, 1574, 1604], 'could': [875], 'actually': [876], 'via': [885], 'cycles': [886, 1033, 1060, 1083, 1129, 1189, 1388, 2186], '(time': [887], 'periods': [888], 'varying': [889], '16': [893], 'hours,': [894], 'depending': [895, 1592], 'needed': [902, 951, 964, 1204], 'targeted': [905, 916, 937, 958], 'stimulability).': [908], 'Typically': [909], 'consonant': [913], 'cluster)': [914], 'hour': [918], 'per': [919, 943], 'week': [920, 1721], '60-minute': [923], 'session,': [924], '30-minute': [926], 'sessions,': [927], '20-minute': [930], 'sessions),': [931], 'being': [936, 1497], 'hours': [942], 'cycle.': [944, 1913, 1963], 'realized': [947], 'primary': [956, 1854, 1867, 2419], '(those': [957], 'recycled': [962], 'until': [965, 1205, 1386], 'emerging': [968], 'conversational': [970, 2554], 'speech)': [971], 'secondary': [973], 'Tables': [976], '1': [977], '2': [980, 2250], '[PDF]).': [981], 'It': [982, 2089], 'important': [984, 1519], 'note': [986], 'complexity': [988], 'increased': [990], 'gradually': [991], 'client': [995], 'optimally': [997, 1498], 'challenged': [998, 1499], 'successful': [1000, 1502], 'beginning': [1003, 1331, 1369, 1505, 1772], 'treatment.': [1005, 1507], 'Most': [1006, 1229, 1810], 'clinics': [1012], '(Wichita': [1013], 'State': [1014, 1018, 3461], 'University,': [1015, 1019], 'San': [1016, 2376, 2897, 3302], 'Diego': [1017], 'Illinois)': [1022], 'judged': [1024], 'essentially': [1027], 'within': [1029], 'approximately': [1035, 1609], '30': [1036], '40': [1038], 'contact': [1039], 'hours)': [1040], 'simultaneously': [1042], 'demonstrated': [1043], 'vastly': [1044], 'improved': [1045], 'systems.': [1047], 'Underlying': [1048], 'Concepts,': [1049], 'Theoretical': [1050], 'Underpinnings': [1051], 'emerged': [1056], 'research—the': [1059], 'remediation—is': [1064], 'developmental': [1067], 'theories': [1069], 'cognitive': [1071], 'psychology': [1072], 'ongoing': [1078], 'clinical': [1079, 2253, 3300, 3467], 'research.': [1081], 'closely': [1086], 'aligns': [1087], 'gestural': [1090, 1101], 'theory': [1092, 2506, 2788, 3276], '(Browman': [1093], 'Goldstein,': [1095], '1986).': [1096], 'basic': [1098], 'tenet': [1099], 'representation': [1106], 'perception': [1111], '“speech': [1116], 'production': [1117, 1277, 1413, 1958], 'physical': [1118], 'constraints.”': [1119], 'Seven': [1120], 'underlying': [1121], 'concepts': [1122], 'serve': [1123], 'basis': [1126], '(Hodson,': [1131], '2007;': [1132], 'Paden,': [1135, 2059], '1991).': [1136], 'gradual': [1141], 'process': [1142], '(Ingram,': [1143], '1976).': [1144], 'do': [1147, 1231, 1935], 'learn': [1149, 1158, 1282, 1340], 'next': [1160, 1720, 1962], 'criterion.': [1164], 'considerable': [1167], 'vacillation': [1168], 'experimentation': [1170], 'part': [1173], '(Dyson,': [1179], '1988).': [1180], 'principle': [1182, 1517], 'reason': [1186], 'approach,': [1190], 'enhances': [1192], 'sequential': [1197], 'manner,': [1198], 'recycles': [1201], 'begin': [1208, 1484], 'carrying': [1209], 'over': [1210], 'normal': [1215], 'hearing': [1216, 1243, 2615], 'acquire': [1218, 1266], 'adult': [1220], 'system': [1222, 1988], 'primarily': [1223], 'listening': [1225, 1327, 1640, 1768, 1788], '(Van': [1226], 'Riper,': [1227], '1939).': [1228], 'parents': [1230, 1915], 'tell': [1233, 1295], 'where': [1235], 'place': [1237, 1377], 'tongues.': [1239], 'optimal': [1242, 1435, 1462, 1715], 'perceptual': [1246], 'early': [1250, 2872, 3165, 3474], 'speech-learning': [1251], '(Shiller,': [1253], 'Rvachew,': [1254], 'Brosseau-Lapre,': [1256], 'associate': [1259], 'auditory': [1262, 1850], 'sensations': [1263], 'patterns,': [1269, 1449], 'enabling': [1270], 'later': [1271, 1387, 1590], 'self-monitoring': [1272], '(Fairbanks,': [1273], '1954).': [1274], 'incorporate': [1276, 1322], 'help': [1280, 1338], 'images.': [1286], 'When': [1287], 'imitate': [1289, 1837], 'children’s': [1290, 2783], 'productions,': [1292], 'usually': [1294], 'us': [1296], 'wrong—but': [1300], 'repeat': [1302, 1630], 'productions': [1305, 1357], 'because': [1306, 1402, 2048], 'rely': [1308], 'images': [1312], 'fail': [1314], 'perceive': [1316, 1342], 'own': [1318], 'errors.': [1319], 'slight': [1323, 1783], 'amplification': [1324, 1634], 'activity': [1328, 1697], 'differences': [1343, 3397], 'errors': [1345], 'desired': [1347], 'productions.': [1348], 'Phonetic': [1349, 2481], 'environment': [1350], 'facilitate': [1352, 1438], 'inhibit)': [1354], 'correct': [1355, 2994], '(Kent,': [1358], '1982).': [1359], 'Production-practice': [1360], 'must': [1362, 1628], 'chosen': [1364], 'extreme': [1366], 'care': [1367], 'cycles.': [1370], 'Words': [1371, 2417], 'same': [1376], 'articulation': [1379, 2356, 2532, 3141, 3335], 'should': [1383, 2066], 'avoided': [1385], '“cat”': [1390], 'inappropriate': [1392], 'demonstrates': [1399], 'velar': [1400], 'fronting': [1401], 'alveolar': [1404], 'assimilation': [1405], 'effects).': [1406], 'tend': [1408], 'generalize': [1410, 1426], 'other': [1416, 1448], 'targets': [1417], '(McReynolds': [1418], 'Bennett,': [1420], '1972).': [1421], 'know': [1423], '(and': [1427, 1577], 'sometimes': [1428], 'overgeneralize).': [1429], 'key': [1431], 'generalization': [1439, 3139], 'increase': [1441], 'proceed': [1445], 'period': [1452], 'rest': [1454], 'recycling': [1459], 'it.': [1460], 'An': [1461, 2535], 'match': [1463, 1475], 'facilitates': [1464], 'learning': [1467], '(Hunt,': [1468], '1961).': [1469], 'analysis': [1471, 2439], 'determines': [1472], '2003,': [1478], '2004)': [1479], 'treatment': [1482, 2042, 2113, 2531], '“step”': [1486], 'above': [1487], 'current': [1490, 1735], 'functioning': [1491], 'level,': [1492], 'resulting': [1493], 'actively': [1510, 1537], 'involved': [1511], 'acquisition.': [1515], 'children.': [1531, 2424, 2982, 3340, 3438], 'engaged': [1538], 'participants': [1539, 2039], 'passive': [1542], 'imitators.': [1543], 'Remediation': [1545], 'structure': [1547], 'described': [1548], 'below': [1549], 'used': [1552, 1580, 1985], 'successfully': [1553, 1759], 'schools,': [1555], 'hospitals,': [1556], 'clinics,': [1557], 'private': [1559], 'practice.': [1560, 2573, 2790, 3301], 'reviews': [1563], 'picture': [1565, 1793], 'cards': [1566, 1572, 1794], 'previous': [1569], 'session.': [1570], 'These': [1571, 1839, 1946], 'set': [1575], 'aside': [1576], 'again': [1581, 1781], 'along': [1582], 'new,': [1584], 'complex': [1586], 'cycle,': [1591], 'whether': [1594], 'needs': [1598, 2044], 'recycled).': [1601], 'SLP': [1603, 1678, 1711, 1857, 2160], 'reads': [1605], 'list': [1607, 1769, 1789, 1918], '20': [1610], 'contain': [1613], 'week.': [1620, 1766], 'listen': [1625], 'attentively,': [1626], 'words.': [1632, 1838], 'Slight': [1633], '30-second': [1639], 'activity.': [1641, 1676], 'participates': [1644, 1899], 'experiential-play': [1646], 'motivational': [1648], 'activities': [1649, 1680, 1689, 1864, 1903], 'bowling,': [1651], 'flashlight': [1652], 'game),': [1653], 'naming': [1654], 'pictures': [1655, 1835, 2420], 'objects': [1657, 1862, 1872], 'week’s': [1668, 1923], 'taking': [1671], 'turn': [1673], 'changes': [1679], 'every': [1681, 1805], 'eight': [1682], '10': [1684], 'minutes.': [1685], 'Many': [1686], 'repeated': [1691], 'ensuing': [1693, 1765], 'weeks.': [1694], 'metaphonology': [1696], 'incorporated': [1699, 1890], 'rhyming,': [1701], 'segmentation)': [1702], 'enhance': [1704], 'skills.': [1709], 'probes': [1712], '(within': [1722], 'designated': [1726], 'results).': [1730], 'if': [1733], 'clusters,': [1739], 'clinician': [1741], 'models': [1742], 'various': [1745, 2028], 'spot,': [1749], 'store,': [1750], 'snow).': [1751], 'cluster': [1753], 'produces': [1757], 'becomes': [1760], 'read': [1777, 1927], 'amplification.': [1784], 'Parents': [1785], 'receive': [1786, 1916], 'asked': [1797, 1907], 'provide': [1799, 1948], 'home': [1803], 'day.': [1806], 'Adaptations': [1807], 'Toddlers': [1809], '2-year-olds': [1813], 'willing': [1820], 'participate': [1822, 1841], 'regular': [1824], 'activities.': [1826], 'Some': [1827, 3393], 'nonverbal;': [1829], 'others': [1830], 'unwilling': [1832], 'name': [1834, 1909], 'cycle': [1844], '(typically': [1845], 'semester)': [1847], 'focused': [1849], 'input/stimulation': [1851], 'patterns.': [1855], 'fills': [1858], 'room': [1860], 'phoneme.': [1869], 'tasks': [1874], '/p/': [1877], 'mop,': [1879], 'top,': [1880], 'tape,': [1881], 'rope,': [1882], 'hop,': [1883], 'up,': [1884], 'cup,': [1885], 'nap,': [1886], 'pup,': [1887], 'peep)': [1888], 'stimulate': [1892], 'consonants.': [1896], 'play': [1902], '(with': [1921], 'pattern)': [1925], 'night,': [1932], 'ask': [1937], 'say': [1941], 'great': [1950, 2015], 'readily': [1955], 'moves': [1956], 'Evidence': [1964], 'Research': [1967, 2786, 3260, 3403], 'Needs': [1968], 'consensus': [1971], 'among': [1972, 3168], 'treatments': [1975], 'successful.': [1980], 'Baker': [1981, 2173, 2201, 2235], 'McLeod': [1983, 2204, 2238, 3425], '(2010)': [1984], 'levels-of-evidence': [1987], '(adapted': [1992], 'Scottish': [1995], 'Intercollegiate': [1996], 'Guideline': [1997], 'Network)': [1998], '134': [2001], 'studies.': [2002], 'One': [2003], 'observations': [2006], 'comparative': [2009], 'studies': [2010], 'lacking.': [2013], 'exists': [2017], 'large,': [2020], 'well-designed': [2021], 'controlled': [2022, 2143], 'comparing': [2025], 'outcomes': [2026], 'interventions': [2029], 'large': [2047], 'heterogeneity': [2051], 'Harbers,': [2058], 'Halle,': [2061], '1999).': [2062], 'Ideally,': [2063], 'conducted': [2068], 'investigators': [2070], 'independent': [2071], 'individuals': [2074], 'created': [2076], 'approaches': [2078], 'minimize': [2080], 'actual': [2081], 'bias': [2082], 'even': [2084], 'appearance': [2086], 'bias.': [2088], 'critical,': [2091], 'creators': [2096], 'consultants': [2098], 'purposes': [2100], 'fidelity.': [2102], 'advocacy': [2110], 'protocols': [2114], 'optimize': [2116], 'outcomes—rather': [2117], 'top-down': [2119], 'factors': [2120], 'such': [2121], 'scheduling': [2123], 'issues—determine': [2124], 'intervention': [2125, 2137, 2673, 2952], 'approaches.': [2126], 'Reference': [2127], 'Almost': [2128], 'D.,': [2129, 2296, 2322, 3208], 'Rosenbaum': [2131], 'P.': [2132, 2276, 2548], '(1998).': [2133], 'Effectiveness': [2134], 'disorders:': [2140, 2214, 2248, 2281, 2684, 3297], 'randomized': [2142], 'trial.Developmental': [2144], 'Medicine': [2145], 'Child': [2147, 2343], 'Neurology,': [2148], '40,': [2149], '319–325.': [2150], 'American': [2153, 3583], 'Speech-Language-Hearing': [2154, 3584], 'Association.': [2155], '(2010).': [2156, 2206, 2240, 2799, 3053, 3270, 3431], 'Schools': [2157, 2224], 'survey': [2158], 'report:': [2159], 'caseload': [2161], 'characteristics': [2162], 'trends': [2163], '1995-2010.': [2164], 'Retrieved': [2165], 'Aug.': [2166], '2,': [2167], '2010,': [2168], 'fromwww.asha.org/uploadedFiles/Schools10CaseloadTrends.pdf': [2169], '[PDF].': [2170], 'E.,': [2174, 2202, 2236, 2628, 3103], 'Carrigg': [2175], 'B.,': [2176, 2601, 2810, 2814, 2844, 2858, 2884, 2903, 2922, 2945, 3070, 3210], 'Linich': [2178], 'A.': [2179, 2478], '(2007).': [2180, 2459, 2779, 3233], 'What’s': [2181], 'evidence': [2183], 'for...?': [2184], 'intervention.Acquiring': [2190], 'Knowledge': [2191], 'Speech,': [2193, 2219, 2255, 2537, 2640, 2659, 2997, 3018, 3174, 3197, 3322, 3486], 'Language,': [2194, 3175, 3323, 3487], 'Hearing,': [2196], '9,': [2197, 2594], '29–31.': [2198], 'S.': [2205, 2239, 3135, 3243], 'Evidence-based': [2207, 2241, 2460, 3010, 3112], 'Part': [2215, 2249], 'I': [2216], 'Narrative': [2217], 'review.Language,': [2218], 'Hearing': [2221, 2257, 2315, 2451, 2491, 2517, 2539, 2642, 2661, 2837, 2877, 2999, 3020, 3146, 3177, 3199, 3222, 3325, 3489], 'Services': [2222, 2258, 2540, 2643, 2662, 3000, 3021, 3200], '(Papers': [2225], 'Press,': [2227, 2262], 'online': [2229, 2264], 'Sept.': [2230, 2265], '15,': [2231, 2266], 'Application': [2251], 'practice.Language,': [2254], 'Schools(Papers': [2260], 'Bernthal': [2270], 'J.,': [2271, 2294, 2924, 3155, 3184, 3351, 3372], 'Bankson': [2272], 'N.,': [2273, 3157], 'Flipsen': [2275, 2547], '(2009).': [2277, 2383, 3111], 'Articulation': [2278], '(6th': [2287], 'ed.).': [2288, 2361], 'Boston:': [2289], 'Pearson.': [2290], 'Bird': [2293], 'Freeman': [2298], 'N.': [2299], '(1995).': [2300, 2435], 'Awareness': [2302], 'development': [2305, 3163, 3250], 'expressive': [2309, 2956, 3040], 'impairment.Journal': [2311], 'Research,': [2316, 2452, 3178, 3326], '38,': [2317, 2453], '446–462.': [2318], 'LinkGoogle': [2319, 2455, 2495, 2521, 2596, 2623, 2648, 2667, 2841, 2881, 2942, 3005, 3129, 3150, 3181, 3226, 3286, 3329], 'C.': [2325, 2382, 3410], '(1990).': [2326], 'prospective': [2328], 'relationship': [2332], 'specific': [2334], 'language': [2335, 3247], 'impairment,': [2336], 'disorders,': [2338], 'reading': [2340, 3035], 'retardation.Journal': [2341], 'Psychology': [2344], 'Psychiatry,': [2346], '31,': [2347], '1027–1050.': [2348], 'CrossrefGoogle': [2349, 2406, 2563, 3407], 'Bleile': [2351, 2370], 'K.': [2352, 2371, 2927, 2948, 3387], '(2004).': [2353, 2567, 2741, 2949, 3161], 'Manual': [2354], '(2nd': [2360], 'Clifton': [2362], 'Park,': [2363], 'NY:': [2364], 'Thomson': [2365], 'Delmar': [2366], 'Learning.': [2367], '(2006).': [2372, 2549, 3009], 'late': [2374], 'eight.': [2375], 'Diego:': [2377, 2898, 3303], 'Plural.': [2378, 3304], 'Bowen': [2381], 'Children’s': [2384, 3377], 'disorders.Chicester,': [2387], 'West': [2388], 'Sussex:': [2389], 'Wiley-Blackwell.': [2390], 'Browman': [2393], 'C.,': [2394, 2409], 'Goldstein': [2396], 'L.': [2397], '(1986).': [2398, 3388], 'Towards': [2399], 'articulatory': [2401], 'phonology.Phonology': [2402], 'Yearbook,': [2403], '3,': [2404], '219–252.': [2405], 'Buteau': [2408], 'B.': [2412, 2434, 2458, 2583, 2651, 2670, 2696, 2708, 2725, 2740, 2755, 2778, 2798, 3187, 3232, 3269, 3375], '(1989).': [2413], 'targets:': [2416], 'Austin,': [2425, 2749, 2916], 'TX:': [2426, 2750, 2917], 'Pro-Ed.': [2427, 2751], 'Clarke-Klein': [2430], 'S.,': [2431, 3266, 3289, 3308, 3349, 3426], 'misspellings': [2441], 'third': [2443], 'graders': [2444], 'disordered-phonology': [2446], 'histories.Journal': [2447], '839–849.': [2454], 'Dodd': [2457], 'pathology:': [2464], 'Strengths,': [2465], 'weaknesses,': [2466], 'opportunities,': [2467], 'threats.Folia': [2469], 'Phoniatrica': [2470], 'et': [2471], 'Logopaedica,': [2472], '59,': [2473], '118–129.': [2474], 'Dyson': [2477], 'T.': [2479, 3110], '(1988).': [2480, 3214], 'inventories': [2482], '2-': [2484], '3-year-old': [2486], 'children.Journal': [2487], 'Disorders,': [2492, 2518, 2838, 2878, 2967, 3147, 3223], '53,': [2493, 3224], '89–93.': [2494], 'Fairbanks': [2497], 'G.': [2498, 2566, 3052], '(1954).': [2499], 'Systematic': [2500], 'research': [2501, 2571, 3464], 'phonetics:': [2504], 'mechanism': [2510], 'servosystem.Journal': [2513], '19,': [2519, 3284], '133–139.': [2520], 'Fey': [2523], 'M.': [2524, 2604, 2711, 3072, 3160, 3311], '(1992).': [2525, 2605, 2652], 'Clinical': [2526, 3271], 'forum:': [2527], 'phonology:': [2534, 2654], 'Addendum.Language,': [2536], 'Schools,': [2542, 2645, 2664, 3002, 3023, 3202], '23,': [2543, 2665], '277–282.': [2544], 'Measuring': [2550], 'children.Clinical': [2557], 'Linguistics': [2558], 'Phonetics,': [2560], '20,': [2561], '303–312.': [2562], 'Gillon': [2565], 'awareness:': [2569], 'From': [2570], 'New': [2574], 'York:': [2575], 'Guilford.': [2576], 'Gordon-Brannan': [2579, 2598], 'M.,': [2580, 2599], '(2000).': [2584], 'Severity/intelligibility': [2585], 'measures': [2586], 'prekindergartners’': [2588], 'speech.American': [2589, 3122], 'Journal': [2590, 2617, 2936, 3043, 3060, 3090, 3123, 3280, 3511], 'Speech-Language': [2592, 2619, 2938, 3045, 3062, 3092, 3125, 3282, 3513], 'Pathology,': [2593, 2620, 2939, 3046, 3063, 3126, 3283], '141–150.': [2595], 'Wynne': [2603], 'Remediating': [2606], 'utterances': [2608], 'loss.American': [2616], '1,': [2621, 3573], '28–38.': [2622], 'Harbers': [2625], 'H.,': [2626], 'Paden': [2627, 2860, 2886, 2905, 3212], 'Halle': [2630], 'J.': [2631], '(1999).': [2632, 3033], 'production:': [2636], 'Changes': [2637], 'intervention.Language,': [2639], '30,': [2646], '50–60.': [2647], 'Applied': [2653], 'Constructs,': [2655], 'contributions,': [2656], 'issues.Language,': [2658], '247–253.': [2666], '(1994).': [2671], 'Determining': [2672], 'priorities': [2674], 'preschoolers': [2676], 'disordered': [2678], 'phonologies:': [2679, 2699], 'gains.Children’s': [2682], 'Pathways': [2685], '(pp.': [2688, 2717], '65–87).': [2689], 'Rockville,': [2690, 2768], 'MD:': [2691, 2720, 2769, 2853, 3440], 'ASHA.': [2692], '(1997).': [2697, 2848, 3376], 'Disordered': [2698], 'What': [2700], 'learned': [2703], 'about': [2704], 'treatment.Hodson': [2707], 'Edwards': [2710, 2846], '(Eds.).': [2712], 'Perspectives': [2713, 2849], 'applied': [2715, 2851], '197–224).': [2718], 'Gaithersburg,': [2719], 'Aspen.': [2721, 2854], '(2003).': [2726], 'Computerized': [2728], 'Analysis': [2729, 3520], 'Patterns.': [2732], 'Wichita,': [2733, 2791], 'KS:': [2734, 2792], 'PhonoComp': [2735], 'Publishers.': [2736, 2794], 'Assessment': [2743, 3518], 'Patterns,': [2746], '3rd': [2747], 'ed.,': [2748], '(2005).': [2756], 'Enhancing': [2757], 'metaphonological': [2760], 'Master': [2771], 'Clinician': [2772], 'Series': [2773], 'Video.': [2774], 'Evaluating': [2780, 2929], 'enhancing': [2782], 'systems:': [2785], 'Phonocomp': [2793], 'joy': [2801], 'touching': [2803], 'lives.': [2804], 'TheASHA': [2805], 'Leader.www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2010/100921/First-Person-100921.htm.': [2806], 'Chin': [2811], 'L.,': [2812, 3029, 3068, 3153], 'Redmond': [2813], 'Simpson': [2816], 'R.': [2817, 2960, 2989, 3008, 3429], '(1983).': [2818, 2888], 'evaluation': [2820, 3235], 'repaired': [2831], 'cleft': [2832], 'palate.Journal': [2833], '48,': [2839], '93–98.': [2840], '(Eds.)': [2847, 3430], 'phonology.Gaithersburg,': [2852], 'E.': [2861, 2887, 2906, 3213], '(1981).': [2862], 'processes': [2864], 'characterize': [2866], 'childhood.Journal': [2873], '46,': [2879], '369–373.': [2880], 'Targeting': [2889, 2908], 'speech:': [2891, 2910], 'remediation.': [2896, 2915], 'College-Hill.': [2899], '(1991).': [2907], 'ProEd.': [2918], 'Scherz': [2923], 'Strattman': [2926, 2947], '(2002).': [2928], 'communicative': [2930], 'abilities': [2931], 'highlyunintelligible': [2934], 'preschooler.American': [2935], '11,': [2940], '236–242.': [2941], 'impairments.In': [2958], 'Kent': [2959, 2988, 3007], '(Ed.).': [2961], 'MIT': [2963, 2972], 'Encyclopedia': [2964, 3245], 'Communication': [2966, 3455], '153–156,': [2968], 'Cambridge,': [2969], 'MA:': [2970], 'Press.': [2973], 'D.': [2977, 3332], '(1976).': [2978], 'disability': [2980], 'London:': [2983, 3382], 'Edward': [2984], 'Arnold.': [2985], '(1982).': [2990], 'Contextual': [2991], 'facilitation': [2992], 'production.Language,': [2996], '13,': [3003], '66–76.': [3004], 'communication': [3013], 'disorder:': [3014], 'progress': [3015], 'perfection.Language,': [3017], '37,': [3024, 3148], '268–270.': [3025], 'Larivee': [3028], 'Catts': [3031], 'H.': [3032, 3442], 'achievement': [3036], 'disorders.American': [3042], '8,': [3047], '137–148.': [3048], 'Lof': [3051, 3104], 'Science-based': [3054], 'pathologist.International': [3059], '1–8.': [3064], 'Magnus': [3067], 'Schommer-Aikins': [3071], '(2011).': [3073], 'Relationships': [3074], 'Speech-Related': [3076], 'Nonspeech': [3078], 'Variables': [3079], 'Palatal': [3086], 'Lip': [3088], 'Anomalies.Canadian': [3089], 'Pathology': [3093], 'Audiology,': [3095], '35,': [3096], '32–39.': [3097], 'McCauley': [3100, 3428], 'R.,': [3101, 3229, 3353], 'Strand': [3102], 'G.,': [3105], 'Schooling': [3106], 'T.,': [3107], 'Frymark': [3109], 'systematic': [3113], 'review:': [3114], 'Effects': [3115], 'non-speech': [3117], 'oral': [3118], 'motor': [3119], 'exercises': [3120], '18,': [3127], '343–360.': [3128], 'McReynolds': [3131], 'L.V.,': [3132], 'Bennett': [3134], '(1972).': [3136], 'Distinctive': [3137], 'feature': [3138], 'training.Journal': [3142], '462–470.': [3149], 'Nathan': [3152], 'Stackhouse': [3154, 3371], 'Goulandris': [3156], 'Snowling': [3159], 'difficulties.Journal': [3172], '47,': [3179], '377–391.': [3180], 'Porter': [3183], '(2001).': [3188, 3312], 'Collaborating': [3189], 'acquisitiondata': [3193], 'local': [3195], 'schools.Language,': [3196], '32,': [3203], '165–171.': [3204], 'Preisser': [3207], 'Developmental': [3215, 3295, 3550], 'Phonology:': [3216], '18-29': [3217], 'months.Journal': [3218], '125–130.': [3225], 'Prezas': [3228], 'Diagnostic': [3234], 'disorders.In': [3241], 'Rvachew': [3242, 3265, 3288, 3307, 3553], '(Ed.),': [3244], '[online],': [3251], 'pp.': [3252], '1–7.': [3253], 'London,': [3254], 'Ontario:': [3255], 'Canadian': [3256], 'Language': [3257, 3538], 'Literacy': [3259], 'Network': [3261], '[www.literacyencyclopedia.ca].': [3262], 'Bernhardt': [3268], 'implications': [3272], 'dynamic': [3274], 'systems': [3275], 'development.American': [3279], '34–50.': [3285], 'Brosseau-Lapre': [3291], 'F.': [3292], '(in': [3293], 'press).': [3294], 'Foundations': [3298], 'Nowak': [3310], 'effect': [3314], 'target–selection': [3316], 'strategy': [3317], 'learning.Journal': [3320], '44,': [3327], '610–623.': [3328], 'Ruscello': [3331], '(2008).': [3333], 'Treating': [3334], 'St.': [3341], 'Louis:': [3342], 'Mosby.': [3343], 'Secord': [3346], 'W.,': [3347], 'Boyce': [3348], 'Donahue': [3350], 'Fox': [3352], 'Shine': [3355], 'R.Eliciting': [3356], 'sounds:': [3357], 'Techniques': [3358], 'strategies': [3360], 'clinicians,': [3362], '2nd': [3363], 'ed.': [3364], 'Greenville,': [3365], 'SC:': [3366], 'Super': [3367], 'Duper.': [3368], 'Wells': [3374], 'difficulties.': [3381], 'Whurr.': [3383], 'Stanovich': [3386], 'Matthew': [3389], 'effects': [3390], 'reading:': [3392], 'consequences': [3394], 'literacy.Reading': [3402], 'Quarterly,': [3404], '21,': [3405], '360–407.': [3406], 'VanRiper': [3409], 'correction:': [3413], 'Principles': [3414], 'methods.': [3416], 'Englewood': [3417], 'Cliffs:': [3418], 'NJ:': [3419], 'Prentice-Hall.': [3420], 'A.,': [3424], 'Interventions': [3432], 'Baltimore,': [3439], 'Paul': [3441], 'Brookes.': [3443], 'Author': [3446], 'Notes': [3447], 'professor': [3450], 'Department': [3453], 'Sciences': [3456], 'Disorders': [3458], 'Wichita': [3460], 'University.': [3462], 'Her': [3463], 'interests': [3465], 'include': [3466], 'metaphonology,': [3470], 'Spanish': [3471, 3524], 'phonology,': [3472], 'literacy.': [3475], 'Contact': [3476], 'her': [3477], '[email': [3479], 'protected].': [3480], 'Additional': [3481], 'Resources': [3482], 'FiguresSourcesRelatedDetailsCited': [3483], 'ByJournal': [3484], 'Research64:10': [3490], '(3769-3785)4': [3491], 'Oct': [3492], '2021Application': [3493], 'Challenge': [3496], 'Point': [3497], 'Framework': [3498], 'Treatment': [3500], 'Sound': [3503], 'DisordersTanya': [3504], 'Matthews,': [3505], 'Alexandra': [3506], 'Barbeau-Morrison': [3507], 'Susan': [3509], 'RvachewAmerican': [3510], 'Pathology23:2': [3514], '(176-185)1': [3515], 'May': [3516], '2014Phonological': [3517], 'Bilingual': [3522], "Preschoolers'": [3523], 'English': [3526], 'Word': [3527], 'ProductionsRaúl': [3528], 'Francisco': [3529], 'Prezas,': [3530], 'Marlene': [3535], 'Schommer-AikinsPerspectives': [3536], 'Learning': [3539], 'Education19:1': [3541], '(31-35)1': [3542], 'Jan': [3543], '2012An': [3544], 'Input-Focused': [3545], 'Intervention': [3546], 'DisordersSusan': [3552], 'Françoise': [3555], 'Brosseau-Lapré': [3556], 'Volume': [3557], '16Issue': [3558], '4April': [3559], '2011': [3560, 3574, 3582], 'Get': [3561], 'Permissions': [3562], 'Add': [3563], 'your': [3565], 'Mendeley': [3566], 'library': [3567], 'History': [3568], 'Published': [3569], 'print:': [3571], 'Metrics': [3575], 'Downloaded': [3576], '16,827': [3577], 'times': [3578], 'Topicsasha-topicsleader_do_tagleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright': [3579], 'Permissions©': [3581], 'AssociationLoading': [3585], '...': [3586]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W796211541', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T16:00:42.335078', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}