Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W648137150', 'doi': None, 'title': 'CAPITAL CRUNCH CONSTRAINS INTERMODAL GROWTH', 'display_name': 'CAPITAL CRUNCH CONSTRAINS INTERMODAL GROWTH', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W648137150', 'mag': '648137150'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://trid.trb.org/view/607229', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764917014', 'display_name': 'American shipper', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043431013', 'display_name': 'Eric Kulisch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Eric Kulisch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5043431013'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 59}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13439', 'display_name': 'Impact of Railway Deregulation on Competition and Efficiency', 'score': 0.7094, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13439', 'display_name': 'Impact of Railway Deregulation on Competition and Efficiency', 'score': 0.7094, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crunch', 'display_name': 'Crunch', 'score': 0.92468846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/containerization', 'display_name': 'Containerization', 'score': 0.769364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/capital', 'display_name': 'Capital (architecture)', 'score': 0.49854445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/subtitle', 'display_name': 'Subtitle', 'score': 0.47404432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/competition', 'display_name': 'Competition', 'score': 0.453588}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780614964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811154', 'display_name': 'Crunch', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.92468846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779821363', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428072', 'display_name': 'Containerization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.769364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5557239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83646750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893', 'display_name': 'Capital (architecture)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49854445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780364048', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204028', 'display_name': 'Subtitle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47404432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155202549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803', 'display_name': 'International trade', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39939454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3897053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26271046', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097', 'display_name': 'Economic geography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36538923}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35916042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22212356', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325', 'display_name': 'Transport engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35213172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34354624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54750564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643', 'display_name': 'Commerce', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33537656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781018962', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884', 'display_name': 'Container (type theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.30704162}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29596505}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23404676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14315504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1862650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005', 'display_name': 'Physical therapy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://trid.trb.org/view/607229', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764917014', 'display_name': 'American shipper', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W850103341', 'https://openalex.org/W820173434', 'https://openalex.org/W653739462', 'https://openalex.org/W631317907', 'https://openalex.org/W630217814', 'https://openalex.org/W605634246', 'https://openalex.org/W603913060', 'https://openalex.org/W602039716', 'https://openalex.org/W587919736', 'https://openalex.org/W587616015', 'https://openalex.org/W584589387', 'https://openalex.org/W580585840', 'https://openalex.org/W572728777', 'https://openalex.org/W560504058', 'https://openalex.org/W2793104262', 'https://openalex.org/W2593981735', 'https://openalex.org/W2592907300', 'https://openalex.org/W2592625177', 'https://openalex.org/W2502887455', 'https://openalex.org/W2273372228'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'SUBTITLE:': [0], 'RAILROADS': [1], 'PRESSED': [2], 'FOR': [3, 9], 'EXPANSION': [4], 'FUNDS': [5], 'AS': [6], "SHIPPERS'": [7], 'DEMANDS': [8], 'INTERMODAL': [10], 'INCREASES.': [11]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W648137150', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T19:42:38.470446', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}