Abstract: INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF HYDROGEN Timeline of the History of Hydrogen The Hindenburg and Challenger Disasters HYDROGEN AS A FUEL Fossil Fuels The Carbon Cycle and Biomass Energy The Hydrogen Cycle PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN Hydrogen Gas Interaction of Hydrogen with Solid Surfaces Catalysis of Hydrogen Dissociation and Recombination The Four States of Hydrogen and their Characteristics and Properties Surface Engineering of Hydrides HYDROGEN PRODUCTION Hydrogen Production from Coal and Hydrocarbons Electrolysis: Hydrogen Production from Electricity HYDROGEN STORAGE Hydrogen Storage in Molecular Form Hydrogen Adsorption (Carbon, Zeolites, Nanocubes) Metal Hydrides Complex Transition Metal Hydrides Tetrahydroborates as a Non-transition Metal Hydrides Complex Hydrides Storage in Organic Hydrides Indirect Hydrogen Storage via Metals and Complexes Using Exhaust Water HYDROGEN FUNCTIONALIZED MATERIALS Magnetic Heterostructures: A Playground for Hydrogen Optical Properties of Metal-Hydrides: Switchable Mirrors APPLICATIONS Fuel Cells using Hydrogen Borohydride Fuel Cells Internal Combustion Engine Space Applications with Hydrogen