Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W600870397', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139196079.022', 'title': 'Africa in world history', 'display_name': 'Africa in world history', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-04-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W600870397', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139196079.022', 'mag': '600870397'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139196079.022', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306462995', 'display_name': 'Cambridge University Press eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110784615', 'display_name': 'Frederick Cooper', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Frederick Cooper', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5110784615'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 66}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '556', 'last_page': '584'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12160', 'display_name': 'African cultural and philosophical studies', 'score': 0.9424, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12160', 'display_name': 'African cultural and philosophical studies', 'score': 0.9424, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14334', 'display_name': 'HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses', 'score': 0.935, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12635', 'display_name': 'African studies and sociopolitical issues', 'score': 0.9275, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/milestone', 'display_name': 'Milestone', 'score': 0.6750491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/smallpox-vaccine', 'display_name': 'Smallpox vaccine', 'score': 0.45456934}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778417375', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12214', 'display_name': 'Smallpox', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9577054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120060458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10145', 'display_name': 'Milestone', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6750491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207456731', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818', 'display_name': 'League', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5620805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137355542', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362', 'display_name': 'World War II', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49111316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779272165', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037810', 'display_name': 'Smallpox vaccine', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45456934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22070199', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995', 'display_name': 'Vaccination', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45311794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40817815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39706433}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3699168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36110443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33598015}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2612612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15428889}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.097254515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781356689', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1986297', 'display_name': 'Vaccinia', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.08473864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08418989}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40767141', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697', 'display_name': 'Recombinant DNA', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139196079.022', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306462995', 'display_name': 'Cambridge University Press eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.52, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 150, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1479917957', 'https://openalex.org/W1493554018', 'https://openalex.org/W1494775825', 'https://openalex.org/W1503808416', 'https://openalex.org/W1507891413', 'https://openalex.org/W1516930332', 'https://openalex.org/W1520894393', 'https://openalex.org/W1532422248', 'https://openalex.org/W1536455761', 'https://openalex.org/W1537162225', 'https://openalex.org/W1539752192', 'https://openalex.org/W1545639438', 'https://openalex.org/W1553254726', 'https://openalex.org/W1557486461', 'https://openalex.org/W1561425390', 'https://openalex.org/W1583741463', 'https://openalex.org/W1595698486', 'https://openalex.org/W1597125116', 'https://openalex.org/W1599799453', 'https://openalex.org/W1599868937', 'https://openalex.org/W1602248141', 'https://openalex.org/W1604478697', 'https://openalex.org/W1721263754', 'https://openalex.org/W1735928001', 'https://openalex.org/W1966624664', 'https://openalex.org/W1973303785', 'https://openalex.org/W1981952820', 'https://openalex.org/W1992532503', 'https://openalex.org/W1994791458', 'https://openalex.org/W1999193355', 'https://openalex.org/W2001687292', 'https://openalex.org/W2006507493', 'https://openalex.org/W2009433328', 'https://openalex.org/W2009627090', 'https://openalex.org/W2010584096', 'https://openalex.org/W2013412841', 'https://openalex.org/W2016076244', 'https://openalex.org/W2023841650', 'https://openalex.org/W2032725750', 'https://openalex.org/W2033576315', 'https://openalex.org/W2036505584', 'https://openalex.org/W2039356648', 'https://openalex.org/W2041510493', 'https://openalex.org/W2044531434', 'https://openalex.org/W2047107347', 'https://openalex.org/W2050105557', 'https://openalex.org/W2061248544', 'https://openalex.org/W2065910091', 'https://openalex.org/W2071702224', 'https://openalex.org/W2073142958', 'https://openalex.org/W2074791066', 'https://openalex.org/W2078635722', 'https://openalex.org/W2085843946', 'https://openalex.org/W2087566364', 'https://openalex.org/W2087994806', 'https://openalex.org/W2088175380', 'https://openalex.org/W2090762623', 'https://openalex.org/W2100619560', 'https://openalex.org/W2113213654', 'https://openalex.org/W2114502170', 'https://openalex.org/W2123666356', 'https://openalex.org/W2133208087', 'https://openalex.org/W2137291049', 'https://openalex.org/W2142622515', 'https://openalex.org/W2149299266', 'https://openalex.org/W2159537820', 'https://openalex.org/W2174098796', 'https://openalex.org/W2251263444', 'https://openalex.org/W22514522', 'https://openalex.org/W2258595787', 'https://openalex.org/W2259558807', 'https://openalex.org/W2274189606', 'https://openalex.org/W2323259411', 'https://openalex.org/W2324532733', 'https://openalex.org/W2327591506', 'https://openalex.org/W2334144184', 'https://openalex.org/W2334648006', 'https://openalex.org/W2403299650', 'https://openalex.org/W2493574399', 'https://openalex.org/W250364276', 'https://openalex.org/W2530388547', 'https://openalex.org/W2588016863', 'https://openalex.org/W2592655308', 'https://openalex.org/W2605969137', 'https://openalex.org/W2737702401', 'https://openalex.org/W2795864051', 'https://openalex.org/W2796343179', 'https://openalex.org/W2796913999', 'https://openalex.org/W2796974732', 'https://openalex.org/W2797262177', 'https://openalex.org/W2799378189', 'https://openalex.org/W2801837667', 'https://openalex.org/W2908593497', 'https://openalex.org/W2947617252', 'https://openalex.org/W299450057', 'https://openalex.org/W3122537050', 'https://openalex.org/W3144022579', 'https://openalex.org/W3147547169', 'https://openalex.org/W3210084086', 'https://openalex.org/W379899244', 'https://openalex.org/W387909907', 'https://openalex.org/W419362065', 'https://openalex.org/W4210366768', 'https://openalex.org/W4212926610', 'https://openalex.org/W4213005893', 'https://openalex.org/W4229698828', 'https://openalex.org/W4232012830', 'https://openalex.org/W4234295629', 'https://openalex.org/W4236926911', 'https://openalex.org/W4238699866', 'https://openalex.org/W4241268789', 'https://openalex.org/W4243854448', 'https://openalex.org/W4244179543', 'https://openalex.org/W4244624267', 'https://openalex.org/W4245107091', 'https://openalex.org/W4245125698', 'https://openalex.org/W4245176511', 'https://openalex.org/W4245565693', 'https://openalex.org/W4246977363', 'https://openalex.org/W4248376864', 'https://openalex.org/W424848145', 'https://openalex.org/W4250343525', 'https://openalex.org/W4252767616', 'https://openalex.org/W4255625200', 'https://openalex.org/W4298016764', 'https://openalex.org/W4298295636', 'https://openalex.org/W4299562408', 'https://openalex.org/W4299863318', 'https://openalex.org/W4300471810', 'https://openalex.org/W4300520604', 'https://openalex.org/W4301482958', 'https://openalex.org/W4301627197', 'https://openalex.org/W4302615474', 'https://openalex.org/W433974215', 'https://openalex.org/W4366494623', 'https://openalex.org/W4366506039', 'https://openalex.org/W4392192669', 'https://openalex.org/W565467312', 'https://openalex.org/W589351770', 'https://openalex.org/W593603732', 'https://openalex.org/W594518844', 'https://openalex.org/W602784359', 'https://openalex.org/W606764084', 'https://openalex.org/W612198483', 'https://openalex.org/W622144467', 'https://openalex.org/W623034672', 'https://openalex.org/W645768989', 'https://openalex.org/W650257673', 'https://openalex.org/W650823675', 'https://openalex.org/W657516303'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2411393160', 'https://openalex.org/W2395568802', 'https://openalex.org/W2331668877', 'https://openalex.org/W2295657089', 'https://openalex.org/W2280651062', 'https://openalex.org/W2089101317', 'https://openalex.org/W2037968594', 'https://openalex.org/W1680701521', 'https://openalex.org/W1496028730'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 110, 141], 'global': [1, 139], 'eradication': [2, 15, 142], 'of': [3, 21, 64, 76, 81, 91, 98, 102, 107, 112, 115, 131, 143], 'smallpox': [4, 144], 'required': [5], 'techniques': [6], 'to': [7, 17, 69, 138], 'manufacture': [8], 'vaccine': [9], 'on': [10], 'a': [11, 35, 54, 58, 135], 'vast': [12], 'scale': [13], 'and,': [14], 'had': [16, 39], 'await': [18], 'the': [19, 62, 73, 79, 84, 89, 92, 95, 99, 113, 120, 129, 152], 'advent': [20], 'freeze-dried': [22], 'vaccine,': [23], 'which': [24], 'could': [25], 'be': [26], 'preserved': [27], 'and': [28, 66], 'transported': [29], 'without': [30], 'need': [31], 'for': [32, 42], 'refrigeration.': [33], 'Smallpox,': [34], 'deadly,': [36], 'infectious': [37], 'disease,': [38], 'plagued': [40], 'humankind': [41], 'millennia.': [43], 'In': [44], '1796': [45], 'an': [46], 'English': [47], 'country': [48], 'physician': [49], 'named': [50], 'Edward': [51], 'Jenner': [52], 'made': [53], 'discovery': [55], 'that': [56], 'proved': [57], 'crucial': [59], 'milestone': [60], 'in': [61, 128, 149], 'control': [63, 133], 'smallpox,': [65], 'eventually': [67], 'led': [68], 'its': [70], 'eradication.': [71], 'Given': [72], 'unprecedented': [74], 'nature': [75], "Jenner's": [77], 'discovery,': [78], 'spread': [80], 'vaccination': [82], 'around': [83], 'world': [85], 'was': [86], 'rapid.': [87], 'By': [88], 'turn': [90], 'twentieth': [93], 'century,': [94], 'growing': [96], 'acceptance': [97], 'germ': [100], 'theory': [101], 'disease': [103, 108, 132], 'introduced': [104], 'new': [105], 'methods': [106], 'control.': [109], 'establishment': [111], 'League': [114], 'Nations': [116], 'Health': [117, 154], 'Organization': [118], 'after': [119], 'First': [121], 'World': [122, 153], 'War': [123], 'marked': [124], 'yet': [125], 'another': [126], 'stage': [127], 'rise': [130], 'as': [134, 151], 'field': [136], 'amenable': [137], 'action.': [140], 'has': [145], 'often': [146], 'been': [147], 'celebrated': [148], 'retrospect': [150], "Organization's": [155], 'crowning': [156], 'achievement.': [157]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W600870397', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T16:15:11.891938', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}