Title: NMR in Medicine and Biology: Structure Determination, Tomography, In Vivo Spectroscopy
Abstract: 1. Principles of NMR.- 1.1 The Basic Principle of Magnetic Resonance.- 1.1.1 Magnetic Moment and Nuclear Spin.- 1.1.2 Resonance Condition.- 1.1.3 Bloch Equations.- 1.1.4 Spin-Lattice Relaxation.- 1.1.5 Decay of the Transverse Magnetization and Spin-Spin Relaxation.- 1.2 The NMR Spectrum.- 1.2.1 Chemical Shift.- 1.2.2 Dipole-Dipole Coupling.- 1.2.3 Indirect Spin-Spin Coupling.- 1.2.4 Nucleus-Electron Interaction.- 1.2.5 Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction.- 1.3 Relaxation Mechanisms.- 1.3.1 Transverse Relaxation and Line Width.- 1.3.2 Time-Dependence of Interactions.- 1.3.3 Dipolar Relaxation.- 1.3.4 Relaxation by Chemical Shift Anisotropy.- 1.3.5 Relaxation by Indirect Spin-Spin Coupling.- 1.3.6 Quadrupolar Relaxation.- 1.3.7 Paramagnetic Relaxation.- 1.4 Experimental Methods.- 1.4.1 Continuous-Wave Detection of NMR.- 1.4.2 Pulsed NMR.- 1.4.3 The NMR Spectrometer.- 2. NMR Spectroscopy in Biochemistry.- 2.1 NMR as Analytical Method.- 2.1.1 Identification of Known and Unknown Substances.- 2.1.2 The Internal and External Reference.- 2.1.3 Multiplet Structure.- 2.1.4 Structure Dependence of the J-Coupling.- 2.1.5 Identification of Coupling Partners.- 2.1.6 Determination of Concentrations by NMR.- 2.1.7 Suppression of Strong Solvent Signals.- 2.2 Time-Dependent Processes in NMR.- 2.2.1 Correlation Time and Spectral Density.- 2.2.2 Chemical Exchange.- 2.2.3 pH-Dependence of the Chemical Shift.- 2.2.4 Formation of Complexes with Diamagnetic Ligands.- 2.2.5 Saturation Transfer.- 2.2.6 Nuclear Overhauser Effect.- 2.2.7 Labelling with Stable Isotopes.- 2.3 Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy.- 2.3.1 The Two-Dimensional NMR Experiment.- 2.3.2 Interpretation of Homonuclear J-Coupling Patterns.- 2.3.3 Measurement of the Nuclear Overhauser Effect and Chemical Exchange.- 2.3.4 Correlation of Heteronuclear Resonances.- 3. NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Macromolecules.- 3.1 NMR Spectroscopy of Proteins.- 3.1.1 Composition and Structure of Proteins.- 3.1.2 Dynamical Processes in Proteins.- 3.1.3 Determination of Interatomic Distances.- 3.1.4 Assignment of Resonance Lines.- 3.1.5 Pattern Recognition in Two-Dimensional NMR Spectra.- 3.1.6 Structure Determination from NMR Data.- 3.1.7 Solid State NMR of Proteins.- 3.2 NMR Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids, Polysaccharides and Lipids.- 3.2.1 Composition and Structure of Nucleic Acids.- 3.2.2 NMR Investigations of Nucleic Acids and Nucleic Acid Protein Complexes.- 3.2.3 Composition and Structure of Polysaccharides.- 3.2.4 Structure Determination of Polysaccharides.- 3.2.5 Investigations of Biological Membranes.- 4. NMR Tomography.- 4.1 Basic Principles of Imaging.- 4.1.1 Two-Dimensional Projection-Reconstruction.- 4.1.2 Two-Dimensional Fourier Imaging.- 4.1.3 Parameters of the NMR Tomogram.- 4.1.4 Methods for Reducing the Recording Time.- 4.1.5 Three-Dimensional Imaging.- 4.2 Some Applications of the Basic Experiments in NMR Tomography.- 4.2.1 Imaging of the Head.- 4.2.2 Imaging in Other Parts of the Body.- 4.3 Special Applications of NMR Tomography.- 4.3.1 Chemical Shift in Imaging.- 4.3.2 Flow Effects in NMR Tomography.- 4.3.3 Contrast Agents in NMR Tomography.- 4.3.4 NMR Microscopy.- 4.4 Biomedical Effects and Dangers of NMR.- 4.4.1 Biomedical Effects of the Static Magnetic Field.- 4.4.2 Biomedical Effects of Gradient Fields.- 4.4.3 Biomedical Effects of the Radio Frequency Field.- 5. Spatial Selective Spectroscopy and In Vivo NMR.- 5.1 Methods for Spatial Selection.- 5.1.1 Spatial Resolution with Isolated Cells and Organelles.- 5.1.2 Spatial Selection with Space Dependent Radio Frequency Fields.- 5.1.3 Spatial Selection with a Space Dependent Statistic Magnetic Field Bo.- 5.2 Typical Applications and Problems of NMR Spectroscopy in Living Systems.- 5.2.1 Preservation of the Natural Functions.- 5.2.2 In Vivo 1H-NMR Spectroscopy.- 5.2.3 In Vivo 31P-NMR Spectroscopy.- 5.2.4 In Vivo 13C-NMR Spectroscopy.- 5.2.5 In Vivo 15N-NMR Spectroscopy.- 5.2.6 In Vivo 19F-NMR Spectroscopy.- 5.2.7 In Vivo Spectroscopy with Other Nuclei.- References.
Publication Year: 1991
Publication Date: 1991-08-05
Language: en
Type: book
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Cited By Count: 16
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