Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W57239900', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Motor areas of the cerebral cortex.', 'display_name': 'Motor areas of the cerebral cortex.', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W57239900', 'mag': '57239900', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962487'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962487', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075299758', 'display_name': 'J. P. Donoghue', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'display_name': 'Brown University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gq02987', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27804330']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I196272386', 'display_name': 'Providence College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rxpqe74', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I196272386']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J P Donoghue', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'https://openalex.org/I196272386']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005127815', 'display_name': 'Jerome N. Sanes', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-7752'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J N Sanes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 13.99, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 186, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999801, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '11', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '382', 'last_page': '96'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11431', 'display_name': 'Action Observation and Synchronization', 'score': 0.8049, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11431', 'display_name': 'Action Observation and Synchronization', 'score': 0.8049, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/premotor-cortex', 'display_name': 'Premotor cortex', 'score': 0.72894204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/supplementary-motor-area', 'display_name': 'Supplementary motor area', 'score': 0.72406024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-area', 'display_name': 'Motor area', 'score': 0.6451906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control', 'display_name': 'Motor Control', 'score': 0.5350825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-system', 'display_name': 'Motor System', 'score': 0.47491845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-coordination', 'display_name': 'Motor coordination', 'score': 0.42426103}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.78945136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778373776', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696', 'display_name': 'Motor cortex', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7522087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779534489', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2998090', 'display_name': 'Premotor cortex', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72894204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781300654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467403', 'display_name': 'Supplementary motor area', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.72406024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992241549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696', 'display_name': 'Motor area', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6451906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161921814', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493743', 'display_name': 'SMA*', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6009218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780307956', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707', 'display_name': 'Primary motor cortex', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5972567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137813230', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165', 'display_name': 'Motor control', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5350825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94487597', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101', 'display_name': 'Sensory system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53003484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6757342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3486606', 'display_name': 'Posterior parietal cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51025486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171139928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915553', 'display_name': 'Motor system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47491845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777348757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577', 'display_name': 'Cortex (anatomy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4704767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C113062710', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463100', 'display_name': 'Motor coordination', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42426103}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781041448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75839', 'display_name': 'Cerebral cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41302624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41055435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28254116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18974838}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17092046}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779226451', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809', 'display_name': 'Functional magnetic resonance imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.097200066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24998067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622', 'display_name': 'Stimulation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.06948775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140530291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225063', 'display_name': 'Dorsum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002540', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009044', 'descriptor_name': 'Motor Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009068', 'descriptor_name': 'Movement', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018482', 'descriptor_name': 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000294', 'qualifier_name': 'innervation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002540', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005625', 'descriptor_name': 'Frontal Lobe', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005625', 'descriptor_name': 'Frontal Lobe', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009044', 'descriptor_name': 'Motor Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009068', 'descriptor_name': 'Movement', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018482', 'descriptor_name': 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009434', 'descriptor_name': 'Neural Pathways', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009434', 'descriptor_name': 'Neural Pathways', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011930', 'descriptor_name': 'Reaction Time', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011930', 'descriptor_name': 'Reaction Time', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011984', 'descriptor_name': 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011984', 'descriptor_name': 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013116', 'descriptor_name': 'Spinal Cord', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013116', 'descriptor_name': 'Spinal Cord', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962487', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W625214510', 'https://openalex.org/W57239900', 'https://openalex.org/W33883770', 'https://openalex.org/W2587939889', 'https://openalex.org/W2125232082', 'https://openalex.org/W2100705051', 'https://openalex.org/W2085368083', 'https://openalex.org/W2061234590', 'https://openalex.org/W1664223924', 'https://openalex.org/W1451534960'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 58], 'motor': [1, 18, 51, 56, 62, 69, 74, 92, 137, 171, 194, 200, 206], 'cortex': [2, 75, 138, 195, 201, 207], 'includes': [3], 'several': [4], 'areas': [5, 12], 'in': [6, 82, 87, 100, 112, 190, 208, 211], 'the': [7, 39, 48, 64, 151], 'frontal': [8], 'agranular': [9], 'cortex.': [10], 'These': [11, 184, 197], 'receive': [13], 'inputs': [14], 'from': [15, 25], 'sensory': [16], 'pathways,': [17], 'control': [19, 52, 113], 'structures,': [20], 'other': [21, 36], 'cortical': [22, 29], 'areas,': [23, 63], 'and': [24, 42, 54, 72, 154, 156, 166, 210], '"modulatory"': [26], 'pathways.': [27], 'Motor': [28], 'outputs': [30], 'are': [31, 139], 'widely': [32], 'distributed': [33], 'to': [34, 78, 91, 97], 'many': [35], 'parts': [37], 'of': [38, 47, 105, 114, 136, 150, 179, 199], 'nervous': [40], 'system': [41], 'can': [43, 173], 'thereby': [44], 'influence': [45], 'each': [46, 158], 'major': [49], 'descending': [50], 'pathways': [53], 'spinal': [55], 'circuitry.': [57], 'most': [59], 'intensively': [60], 'studied': [61], 'premotor': [65], 'area': [66, 70], '(PMA),': [67], 'supplementary': [68], '(SMA),': [71], 'primary': [73], '(MI),': [76], 'appear': [77], 'have': [79], 'different': [80], 'roles': [81], 'movement.': [83, 106], 'PMA': [84], 'is': [85, 143], 'involved': [86], 'coupling': [88, 192], 'arbitrary': [89], 'cues': [90], 'acts,': [93], 'whereas': [94], 'SMA': [95], 'appears': [96], 'participate': [98], 'more': [99, 119], 'internal': [101, 168], 'guidance': [102], 'or': [103, 117, 181], 'planning': [104], 'While': [107], 'MI': [108, 146], 'has': [109], 'been': [110], 'implicated': [111], 'muscle': [115], 'force': [116], 'length,': [118], 'recent': [120], 'data': [121], 'suggest': [122, 202], 'that': [123, 145, 157], 'it': [124, 142], 'encodes': [125], 'higher': [126], 'order': [127], 'parameters,': [128], 'such': [129], 'as': [130, 176], 'movement': [131], 'direction.': [132], 'Two': [133], 'new': [134], 'views': [135], 'presented.': [140], 'First,': [141], 'argued': [144], 'contains': [147, 160], 'functional': [148], 'subdivisions': [149], 'face,': [152], 'arm,': [153], 'leg,': [155], 'subdivision': [159], 'a': [161, 177, 203], 'highly': [162], 'overlapping,': [163], 'extensively': [164], 'interconnected': [165], 'non-topographic': [167], 'organization.': [169], 'Second,': [170], 'representations': [172], 'reorganize': [174], 'rapidly': [175], 'consequence': [178], 'experience': [180], 'peripheral': [182], 'lesions.': [183], 'changes': [185], 'may': [186], 'arise': [187], 'through': [188], 'modifications': [189], 'synaptic': [191], 'among': [193], 'neurons.': [196], 'features': [198], 'role': [204], 'for': [205], 'learning': [209], 'performing': [212], 'voluntary': [213], 'movements.': [214]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W57239900', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-12T11:17:47.513400', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}