Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W51772145', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3990/1.9789036535434', 'title': 'Biomass gasification for the production of methane', 'display_name': 'Biomass gasification for the production of methane', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-03-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W51772145', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3990/1.9789036535434', 'mag': '51772145'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3990/1.9789036535434', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.utwente.nl/files/6061265/thesis_P_Nanou.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'dissertation', 'type_crossref': 'dissertation', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://research.utwente.nl/files/6061265/thesis_P_Nanou.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070644432', 'display_name': 'Pavlina Nanou', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-3609'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Pavlina Nanou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Sustainable Process Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Sustainable Process Technology', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5070644432'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.990576, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10088', 'display_name': 'Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes', 'score': 0.9932, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10088', 'display_name': 'Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes', 'score': 0.9932, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10495', 'display_name': 'Catalysts for Methane Reforming', 'score': 0.9265, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1503', 'display_name': 'Catalysis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10171', 'display_name': 'Biofuel production and bioconversion', 'score': 0.9103, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-gasification', 'display_name': 'Biomass gasification', 'score': 0.50158525}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C516920438', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129', 'display_name': 'Methane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7639085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115540264', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560', 'display_name': 'Biomass (ecology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67067105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778348673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302', 'display_name': 'Production (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.606911}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.50390404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992937881', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646882', 'display_name': 'Biomass gasification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50158525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4626926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25802958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22468129}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.092648596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09193218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09147009}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.077863485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3990/1.9789036535434', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.utwente.nl/files/6061265/thesis_P_Nanou.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3990/1.9789036535434', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.utwente.nl/files/6061265/thesis_P_Nanou.pdf', 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 97, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1511362772', 'https://openalex.org/W151964100', 'https://openalex.org/W1524336481', 'https://openalex.org/W1535216236', 'https://openalex.org/W1561240366', 'https://openalex.org/W1566202934', 'https://openalex.org/W1583257763', 'https://openalex.org/W1964439902', 'https://openalex.org/W1965731725', 'https://openalex.org/W1967229223', 'https://openalex.org/W1970648125', 'https://openalex.org/W1972348607', 'https://openalex.org/W1972787022', 'https://openalex.org/W1973598611', 'https://openalex.org/W1974165429', 'https://openalex.org/W1975152970', 'https://openalex.org/W1975271169', 'https://openalex.org/W1975427158', 'https://openalex.org/W1985497156', 'https://openalex.org/W1986002269', 'https://openalex.org/W1988669000', 'https://openalex.org/W1997741144', 'https://openalex.org/W1997863023', 'https://openalex.org/W2000254853', 'https://openalex.org/W2001332178', 'https://openalex.org/W2002949081', 'https://openalex.org/W2003922949', 'https://openalex.org/W2004726491', 'https://openalex.org/W2005478433', 'https://openalex.org/W2005535674', 'https://openalex.org/W2005722017', 'https://openalex.org/W2005817853', 'https://openalex.org/W2006985085', 'https://openalex.org/W2007647237', 'https://openalex.org/W2008016727', 'https://openalex.org/W2011728551', 'https://openalex.org/W2015330818', 'https://openalex.org/W2015854596', 'https://openalex.org/W2017768339', 'https://openalex.org/W2019863249', 'https://openalex.org/W2021502122', 'https://openalex.org/W2022902962', 'https://openalex.org/W2025770752', 'https://openalex.org/W2026674148', 'https://openalex.org/W2029701583', 'https://openalex.org/W2037193452', 'https://openalex.org/W2041130840', 'https://openalex.org/W2042439856', 'https://openalex.org/W2043276140', 'https://openalex.org/W2043996348', 'https://openalex.org/W2051561829', 'https://openalex.org/W2053731883', 'https://openalex.org/W2057038783', 'https://openalex.org/W2057399452', 'https://openalex.org/W2058010671', 'https://openalex.org/W2058145461', 'https://openalex.org/W2060244622', 'https://openalex.org/W2066662505', 'https://openalex.org/W2067652082', 'https://openalex.org/W2070287944', 'https://openalex.org/W2070755465', 'https://openalex.org/W2076003797', 'https://openalex.org/W2078009033', 'https://openalex.org/W2079971399', 'https://openalex.org/W2086968728', 'https://openalex.org/W2088150320', 'https://openalex.org/W2089825447', 'https://openalex.org/W2090109204', 'https://openalex.org/W2092225490', 'https://openalex.org/W2094214086', 'https://openalex.org/W2094458061', 'https://openalex.org/W2096066835', 'https://openalex.org/W2097239728', 'https://openalex.org/W2100790976', 'https://openalex.org/W2102977739', 'https://openalex.org/W2104071816', 'https://openalex.org/W2105744137', 'https://openalex.org/W2108293345', 'https://openalex.org/W2114281525', 'https://openalex.org/W2118153776', 'https://openalex.org/W2125231004', 'https://openalex.org/W2133940835', 'https://openalex.org/W2133966033', 'https://openalex.org/W2158161993', 'https://openalex.org/W2158273057', 'https://openalex.org/W2158282075', 'https://openalex.org/W2163303987', 'https://openalex.org/W2171438195', 'https://openalex.org/W2263989497', 'https://openalex.org/W2297545512', 'https://openalex.org/W2595758137', 'https://openalex.org/W2741750731', 'https://openalex.org/W4233318775', 'https://openalex.org/W4246224392', 'https://openalex.org/W4252443206', 'https://openalex.org/W6904701', 'https://openalex.org/W834957537'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4252067071', 'https://openalex.org/W299730043', 'https://openalex.org/W2393996227', 'https://openalex.org/W2377906404', 'https://openalex.org/W2376544930', 'https://openalex.org/W2365473071', 'https://openalex.org/W2358309523', 'https://openalex.org/W2102215866', 'https://openalex.org/W2057914595', 'https://openalex.org/W2049057389'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Biomass': [0], 'is': [1, 13, 30, 38, 61, 74, 113, 125, 141, 159, 176, 293, 333], 'very': [2], 'promising': [3], 'as': [4, 212, 306, 310], 'a': [5, 14, 39, 75, 78, 117, 152, 172], 'sustainable': [6], 'alternative': [7], 'to': [8, 56, 91, 106, 269, 287, 336], 'fossil': [9], 'resources': [10], 'because': [11], 'it': [12, 73], 'renewable': [15], 'source': [16], 'that': [17, 180, 276], 'contains': [18], 'carbon,': [19], 'an': [20, 192, 340], 'essential': [21], 'building': [22], 'block': [23], 'for': [24, 42, 215, 260, 301, 344], 'gaseous': [25], 'and': [26, 46, 72, 83, 135, 196, 225, 238, 316], 'liquid': [27], 'fuels.': [28], 'Methane': [29], 'the': [31, 51, 57, 95, 99, 121, 137, 165, 184, 208, 231, 241, 247, 288, 294, 317], 'main': [32], 'component': [33], 'of': [34, 53, 68, 98, 186, 230, 240, 243, 319], 'natural': [35, 54], 'gas,': [36], 'which': [37], 'fuel': [40, 76], 'used': [41], 'heating,': [43], 'power': [44], 'generation': [45], 'transportation.': [47], 'In': [48, 120, 155, 169], 'The': [49, 69, 102, 189, 228, 331], 'Netherlands,': [50], 'contribution': [52], 'gas': [55, 223], 'primary': [58], 'energy': [59], 'consumption': [60], 'almost': [62], '50%': [63], '(Source:': [64], 'Energy': [65], 'Research': [66], 'Centre': [67], 'Netherlands': [70], '[ECN])': [71], 'with': [77, 327], 'well-developed': [79], 'pipeline': [80], 'distribution': [81], 'network': [82], 'infrastructure.': [84], 'There': [85], 'are': [86, 251, 284, 325], 'different': [87, 254], 'biomass': [88, 100, 110, 124, 209, 218, 244, 258, 303, 324], 'conversion': [89, 104], 'routes': [90], 'methane': [92, 112, 140, 221, 292, 314], 'depending': [93], 'on': [94, 235, 246], 'water': [96], 'content': [97], 'feed.': [101], 'thermochemical': [103], 'route': [105], 'convert': [107], 'relatively': [108], 'dry': [109], 'into': [111], 'conventionally': [114], 'envisaged': [115], 'in': [116, 136, 151, 207, 253, 256, 266, 272, 281, 323, 328, 339], 'two-step': [118], 'process:': [119], 'first': [122], 'step,': [123], 'gasified': [126], '(with': [127, 143], 'heat': [128, 144, 161, 187], 'demand,': [129], 'high': [130, 149], 'T': [131, 147], '/': [132, 148], 'low': [133, 146], 'P)': [134, 150], 'second': [138], 'step': [139], 'formed': [142], 'release,': [145], 'separate': [153], 'reactor.': [154], 'this': [156, 170, 282, 329], 'configuration': [157], 'there': [158], 'no': [160], 'integration': [162], 'possible': [163], 'between': [164], 'two': [166], 'process': [167, 236], 'stages.': [168], 'thesis,': [171], 'new': [173], 'gasification': [174, 304, 311], 'concept': [175, 190, 290, 332], 'investigated,': [177], 'termed': [178], 'self-gasification,': [179], 'overcomes,': [181], 'inter': [182], 'alia,': [183], 'issue': [185], 'integration.': [188], 'entails': [191], 'intermediate': [193], 'temperature': [194], '(700-800°C)': [195], 'pressure': [197], '(25-35': [198], 'bar)': [199], 'steam': [200], 'gasifier,': [201], 'where': [202, 291], 'recycled': [203], 'ash': [204, 322], 'components': [205], '-contained': [206], 'itself-': [210], 'serve': [211], 'potential': [213], '"catalysts"': [214], 'char': [216], '(from': [217], 'pyrolysis)': [219], 'gasification,': [220], 'formation,': [222], 'conditioning': [224], 'tar': [226], 'cracking.': [227], 'focus': [229], 'present': [232, 252], 'research': [233], 'lies': [234], 'evaluation': [237], 'study': [239], 'influence': [242], 'ashes': [245], 'aforementioned': [248], 'reactions.': [249], 'Ashes': [250], 'concentrations': [255], 'targeted': [257], 'feeds': [259], 'gasification;': [261], 'ranging': [262], 'from': [263], '~0.5': [264], 'wt.%': [265, 271], '"clean': [267], 'wood"': [268], '~15': [270], 'chicken': [273], 'litter.': [274], 'For': [275], 'reason': [277], 'alone,': [278], 'results': [279], 'presented': [280], 'thesis': [283], 'not': [285], 'limited': [286], 'self-gasification': [289], 'final': [295], 'product,': [296], 'but': [297], 'give': [298], 'valuable': [299], 'information': [300], 'other': [302], 'processes': [305], 'well.': [307], 'Subjects': [308], 'such': [309], 'under': [312], 'pressure,': [313], 'formation': [315], 'effect': [318], 'naturally': [320], 'occurring': [321], 'dealt': [326], 'thesis.': [330], 'now': [334], 'ready': [335], 'be': [337], 'studied': [338], 'integrated': [341], 'bench-scale': [342], 'unit': [343], 'further': [345], 'evaluation.': [346]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W51772145', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T22:27:14.701947', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}