Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W51618435', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-6536', 'title': 'Delegating powers: a transaction cost politics approach to policy making under separate powers', 'display_name': 'Delegating powers: a transaction cost politics approach to policy making under separate powers', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W51618435', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-6536', 'mag': '51618435'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-6536', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764375719', 'display_name': 'Choice Reviews Online', 'issn_l': '0009-4978', 'issn': ['0009-4978', '1523-8253', '1943-5975'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316146', 'host_organization_name': 'Association of College and Research Libraries', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315903', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316146'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Library Association', 'Association of College and Research Libraries'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004184968', 'display_name': 'David Epstein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Epstein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Columbia University, New York'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Columbia University, New York', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063330426', 'display_name': 'Sharyn O’Halloran', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78577930', 'display_name': 'Columbia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj8s172', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': "Sharyn O'Halloran", 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Columbia University, New York'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Columbia University, New York', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78577930']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 39.534, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 979, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999339, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '37', 'last_page': '6536'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10213', 'display_name': 'Public Policy and Administration Research', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3321', 'display_name': 'Public Administration'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10213', 'display_name': 'Public Policy and Administration Research', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3321', 'display_name': 'Public Administration'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11461', 'display_name': 'Local Government Finance and Decentralization', 'score': 0.9941, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10108', 'display_name': 'Electoral Systems and Political Participation', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7142891}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75949130', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010', 'display_name': 'Database transaction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6513713}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98965940', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496', 'display_name': 'Transaction cost', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5563193}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40318954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37767985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3416621}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23564854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19899935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18660215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.096839815}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-6536', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764375719', 'display_name': 'Choice Reviews Online', 'issn_l': '0009-4978', 'issn': ['0009-4978', '1523-8253', '1943-5975'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316146', 'host_organization_name': 'Association of College and Research Libraries', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315903', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316146'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Library Association', 'Association of College and Research Libraries'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.76, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 231, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1485406977', 'https://openalex.org/W1489741075', 'https://openalex.org/W1491367777', 'https://openalex.org/W1502337702', 'https://openalex.org/W1504112092', 'https://openalex.org/W1511343964', 'https://openalex.org/W1511622058', 'https://openalex.org/W1513955264', 'https://openalex.org/W1515771701', 'https://openalex.org/W1517124617', 'https://openalex.org/W1517993217', 'https://openalex.org/W1520386898', 'https://openalex.org/W1522658815', 'https://openalex.org/W1529279829', 'https://openalex.org/W1531089768', 'https://openalex.org/W1534629186', 'https://openalex.org/W1547352252', 'https://openalex.org/W1551642829', 'https://openalex.org/W1552466412', 'https://openalex.org/W1554389949', 'https://openalex.org/W1556478427', 'https://openalex.org/W1559813403', 'https://openalex.org/W1560036661', 'https://openalex.org/W1561052653', 'https://openalex.org/W1562865962', 'https://openalex.org/W1566344170', 'https://openalex.org/W1566998961', 'https://openalex.org/W1569567238', 'https://openalex.org/W1570540454', 'https://openalex.org/W1570812898', 'https://openalex.org/W1571940468', 'https://openalex.org/W1573145308', 'https://openalex.org/W1573591766', 'https://openalex.org/W1577287780', 'https://openalex.org/W1579434059', 'https://openalex.org/W1580899010', 'https://openalex.org/W1588527346', 'https://openalex.org/W1591634667', 'https://openalex.org/W1594677728', 'https://openalex.org/W1595964953', 'https://openalex.org/W1597438899', 'https://openalex.org/W1756800771', 'https://openalex.org/W176138310', 'https://openalex.org/W1842793579', 'https://openalex.org/W1864519938', 'https://openalex.org/W1919343167', 'https://openalex.org/W1964338030', 'https://openalex.org/W1967900126', 'https://openalex.org/W1973308529', 'https://openalex.org/W1975417432', 'https://openalex.org/W1977825494', 'https://openalex.org/W1978213954', 'https://openalex.org/W1978648732', 'https://openalex.org/W1981314212', 'https://openalex.org/W1981357072', 'https://openalex.org/W1981676017', 'https://openalex.org/W1983736702', 'https://openalex.org/W1984535654', 'https://openalex.org/W1985194351', 'https://openalex.org/W1985949226', 'https://openalex.org/W1986677553', 'https://openalex.org/W1987131992', 'https://openalex.org/W1987364488', 'https://openalex.org/W1987722221', 'https://openalex.org/W1987936802', 'https://openalex.org/W1992920640', 'https://openalex.org/W1993191426', 'https://openalex.org/W1993452298', 'https://openalex.org/W1993663609', 'https://openalex.org/W2002451181', 'https://openalex.org/W2003110454', 'https://openalex.org/W2003326520', 'https://openalex.org/W2003350916', 'https://openalex.org/W2006382656', 'https://openalex.org/W2009214600', 'https://openalex.org/W2012925971', 'https://openalex.org/W2014602527', 'https://openalex.org/W2015930340', 'https://openalex.org/W2018400246', 'https://openalex.org/W2018835883', 'https://openalex.org/W2019017321', 'https://openalex.org/W2027043607', 'https://openalex.org/W2028268406', 'https://openalex.org/W2028367558', 'https://openalex.org/W2030097867', 'https://openalex.org/W2030197407', 'https://openalex.org/W2032092660', 'https://openalex.org/W2036029529', 'https://openalex.org/W2036457422', 'https://openalex.org/W2036910311', 'https://openalex.org/W2037382985', 'https://openalex.org/W2039938721', 'https://openalex.org/W2041138693', 'https://openalex.org/W2041505238', 'https://openalex.org/W2041922817', 'https://openalex.org/W2042370424', 'https://openalex.org/W2043191864', 'https://openalex.org/W2043285762', 'https://openalex.org/W2043593255', 'https://openalex.org/W2049910379', 'https://openalex.org/W2051210006', 'https://openalex.org/W2052224306', 'https://openalex.org/W2054422547', 'https://openalex.org/W2056621186', 'https://openalex.org/W2057667118', 'https://openalex.org/W2059394924', 'https://openalex.org/W2061217423', 'https://openalex.org/W2064345631', 'https://openalex.org/W2065280103', 'https://openalex.org/W2066741696', 'https://openalex.org/W2066755554', 'https://openalex.org/W2067614113', 'https://openalex.org/W2068804445', 'https://openalex.org/W2071419362', 'https://openalex.org/W2072004039', 'https://openalex.org/W2074568412', 'https://openalex.org/W2076316673', 'https://openalex.org/W2077204826', 'https://openalex.org/W2077460962', 'https://openalex.org/W2077624378', 'https://openalex.org/W2079067384', 'https://openalex.org/W2079753759', 'https://openalex.org/W2080279551', 'https://openalex.org/W2080554424', 'https://openalex.org/W2082280388', 'https://openalex.org/W2086063268', 'https://openalex.org/W2086630711', 'https://openalex.org/W2087340168', 'https://openalex.org/W2089074627', 'https://openalex.org/W2089913880', 'https://openalex.org/W2090939951', 'https://openalex.org/W2092127068', 'https://openalex.org/W2094647264', 'https://openalex.org/W2095080027', 'https://openalex.org/W2102918423', 'https://openalex.org/W2110693664', 'https://openalex.org/W2114412976', 'https://openalex.org/W2116364031', 'https://openalex.org/W2121426432', 'https://openalex.org/W2123858578', 'https://openalex.org/W2127544476', 'https://openalex.org/W2130910786', 'https://openalex.org/W2131740028', 'https://openalex.org/W2132024057', 'https://openalex.org/W2132999586', 'https://openalex.org/W2136421614', 'https://openalex.org/W2138806905', 'https://openalex.org/W2140689529', 'https://openalex.org/W2140920650', 'https://openalex.org/W2143436162', 'https://openalex.org/W2146155906', 'https://openalex.org/W2150459713', 'https://openalex.org/W2152537654', 'https://openalex.org/W2156990079', 'https://openalex.org/W2159749685', 'https://openalex.org/W2160003140', 'https://openalex.org/W2160056670', 'https://openalex.org/W2160184254', 'https://openalex.org/W2163008748', 'https://openalex.org/W2168352635', 'https://openalex.org/W2170533065', 'https://openalex.org/W2301347627', 'https://openalex.org/W2312751518', 'https://openalex.org/W2314297586', 'https://openalex.org/W2315679976', 'https://openalex.org/W2315831709', 'https://openalex.org/W2316302554', 'https://openalex.org/W2316731658', 'https://openalex.org/W2316960623', 'https://openalex.org/W2317739407', 'https://openalex.org/W2319326409', 'https://openalex.org/W2319588415', 'https://openalex.org/W2320286607', 'https://openalex.org/W2323025997', 'https://openalex.org/W2323456873', 'https://openalex.org/W2324226300', 'https://openalex.org/W2324497088', 'https://openalex.org/W2324649468', 'https://openalex.org/W2326299428', 'https://openalex.org/W2327775228', 'https://openalex.org/W2328001391', 'https://openalex.org/W2328190647', 'https://openalex.org/W2329415780', 'https://openalex.org/W2333058786', 'https://openalex.org/W2333983184', 'https://openalex.org/W2335302229', 'https://openalex.org/W2336355918', 'https://openalex.org/W2492694680', 'https://openalex.org/W2503755083', 'https://openalex.org/W2566856888', 'https://openalex.org/W2726368154', 'https://openalex.org/W2752617332', 'https://openalex.org/W2795556600', 'https://openalex.org/W2796374926', 'https://openalex.org/W2797591807', 'https://openalex.org/W2797634632', 'https://openalex.org/W2797709458', 'https://openalex.org/W2800722404', 'https://openalex.org/W280747936', 'https://openalex.org/W3021754561', 'https://openalex.org/W3022843227', 'https://openalex.org/W3121147769', 'https://openalex.org/W3121710791', 'https://openalex.org/W3121804538', 'https://openalex.org/W3122320101', 'https://openalex.org/W3123002740', 'https://openalex.org/W3124423022', 'https://openalex.org/W3130932179', 'https://openalex.org/W3140829518', 'https://openalex.org/W3144154278', 'https://openalex.org/W3195717763', 'https://openalex.org/W401170622', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W572138283', 'https://openalex.org/W57257504', 'https://openalex.org/W573551944', 'https://openalex.org/W575669584', 'https://openalex.org/W575742371', 'https://openalex.org/W584474240', 'https://openalex.org/W599114845', 'https://openalex.org/W600978207', 'https://openalex.org/W603424695', 'https://openalex.org/W605262964', 'https://openalex.org/W616864635', 'https://openalex.org/W622886358', 'https://openalex.org/W641695777', 'https://openalex.org/W644404667', 'https://openalex.org/W654070001', 'https://openalex.org/W801278473', 'https://openalex.org/W818398513', 'https://openalex.org/W87560433'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4301937836', 'https://openalex.org/W3125714252', 'https://openalex.org/W3124009333', 'https://openalex.org/W3037957060', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2417737453', 'https://openalex.org/W2373220065', 'https://openalex.org/W2233476005', 'https://openalex.org/W2089073576', 'https://openalex.org/W1536727859'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'this': [1], 'path-breaking': [2], 'book,': [3], 'David': [4], 'Epstein': [5], 'and': [6, 20, 45], 'Sharyn': [7], "O'Halloran": [8], 'produce': [9], 'the': [10, 18, 32, 35, 39, 51], 'first': [11], 'unified': [12], 'theory': [13], 'of': [14], 'policy': [15, 26], 'making': [16], 'between': [17], 'legislative': [19], 'executive': [21, 43], 'branches.': [22], 'Examining': [23], 'major': [24], 'US': [25], 'initiatives': [27], 'from': [28], '1947': [29], 'to': [30, 50], '1992,': [31], 'authors': [33], 'describe': [34], 'conditions': [36], 'under': [37], 'which': [38], 'legislature': [40], 'narrowly': [41], 'constrains': [42], 'discretion,': [44], 'when': [46], 'it': [47], 'delegates': [48], 'authority': [49], 'bureaucracy.': [52]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W51618435', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 57}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T03:05:38.950140', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}