Publication Information

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226], 'reported': [82, 931, 1058, 1271], 'in': [83, 85, 89, 114, 201, 208, 224, 244, 246, 268, 317, 328, 330, 347, 365, 394, 400, 415, 417, 648, 662, 683, 691, 768, 853, 856, 906, 928, 950, 961, 987, 995, 1025, 1051, 1065, 1067, 1097, 1107, 1149, 1177, 1219, 1247, 1257, 1259, 1272, 1274, 1299, 1373, 1375], '1937': [84], 'febrile': [87, 108], 'woman': [88], 'District': [93], 'Uganda.': [95], 'Over': [96], 'decades,': [98], 'has': [100, 257, 362, 1036, 1057, 1269], 'caused': [101], 'numerous': [102], 'outbreaks': [103], 'worldwide,': [104], 'ranging': [105], 'from': [106, 195, 434, 465, 527, 534, 898, 918, 1513], 'mild': [107], 'illness': [109], 'to': [110, 141, 189, 237, 252, 296, 409, 426, 468, 475, 541, 550, 865, 970, 974, 1014, 1116, 1156, 1175, 1242, 1283, 1315, 1335, 1400, 1407, 1420, 1440, 1454, 1463, 1480], 'meningoencephalitis,': [112], 'particularly': [113, 327], 'elderly.[2]': [116], 'Experimental': [117], 'studies': [118, 321], 'have': [119, 160, 249, 336, 1113], 'demonstrated': [120], 'although': [122, 299], 'domestic': [123], 'animals,': [124], 'such': [125, 1122], 'sheep,': [127], 'pigs,': [128], 'calves,': [130], 'rarely': [131], 'develop': [132, 145, 215], 'high': [133, 859, 1085, 1103, 1180, 1246, 1264, 1367], 'viral': [134], 'titers': [135], 'clinical': [137, 216], 'symptoms': [138], 'after': [139], 'exposure': [140], 'WNV,': [142, 190, 326, 584, 1411], 'they': [143, 300, 967, 1217], 'do': [144], 'neutralizing': [146, 1323], 'antibodies,': [147], 'indicating': [148], 'asymptomatic': [149], 'infection.': [150, 1010], 'In': [151, 172, 204, 262, 1139, 1193, 1362], 'contrast,': [152], 'significant': [154], 'percentage': [155, 779], 'dogs': [157, 182, 200], 'shown': [161, 1115], 'serological': [162], 'evidence': [163], 'infection,': [166], 'some': [168], 'developing': [169], 'disease': [170], 'symptoms.[3,4]': [171], 'their': [173, 231, 1136], 'study,': [174, 1195], 'Jupp': [175], 'colleagues': [177], 'found': [178, 1073], '46%': [180], 'examined': [183], 'had': [184, 233, 701, 1232], 'hemagglutination': [185], 'inhibition': [186], '(HI)': [187], 'antibodies': [188, 545, 1268, 1324, 1370], 'it': [192, 1312], 'isolated': [194], 'one': [196], 'HI-negative': [199], 'South': [202, 209, 247], 'Africa.[3]': [203], 'another': [205], 'experimental': [206], 'study': [207, 407, 424, 847, 927, 1056, 1072, 1261, 1333, 1345, 1365, 1510], 'Africa,': [210, 319], 'infected': [211, 1225], 'did': [213], 'not': [214, 302, 1326, 1388], 'signs.': [217], 'However,': [218, 1228, 1322], '11%': [219], 'yearlings': [222], 'seroconverted': [223], 'year,': [227], 'while': [228], '75%': [229], 'dams': [232], 'antibodies.[4]': [234], 'Approximately': [235], '2%': [236], '13%': [238], 'annual': [241], 'neurological': [242, 284], 'cases': [243], 'Africa': [248], 'been': [250, 363, 1114, 1270], 'attributed': [251, 864, 1013], 'lineage': [254], '2': [255], '(which': [256], '30%': [259], 'mortality': [260], 'rate).': [261], 'addition,': [263, 1140], 'detected': [267, 364], 'locally': [270, 289], 'bred': [271, 290], 'Ayrshire': [272], 'cow': [273], '(Bos': [274], 'taurus)': [275], 'Boer': [278], 'goat': [279], '(Capra': [280], 'aegagrus': [281], 'hircus)': [282], 'symptoms.': [285], 'This': [286, 423, 846, 1011, 1205], 'suggests': [287], 'livestock': [291, 904, 915], 'may': [292, 1080, 1184], 'also': [293], 'be': [294, 863, 971, 1081, 1355], 'susceptible': [295, 973], 'virus,': [298], 'closely': [304], 'monitored': [305], 'horses.[5]': [307, 353], 'Despite': [308], 'widespread': [310], 'detection': [311, 343], 'across': [314, 870, 1190], 'various': [315], 'species': [316, 396, 1048], 'sub-Saharan': [318], 'detailed': [320], 'epidemiology': [324, 1349], 'camels': [329, 399, 416, 604, 625, 665, 699, 734, 769, 855, 890, 1066, 1144, 1209, 1258, 1297, 1374], 'Nigeria,': [331, 462, 1276, 1376], 'remain': [332], 'limited.': [333], 'Several': [334, 1078], 'countries': [335, 921], 'established': [337], 'surveillance': [338, 387, 1402], 'systems': [339, 1148], 'based': [340, 770], 'on': [341, 771], 'birds,': [348, 1158], 'vertebrates,': [351], 'including': [352, 398, 885, 1087, 1410], 'Historical': [354], 'data': [355, 1338, 1466], 'since': [356], '1978': [357], 'show': [358], 'mice': [366, 379], '(Mus': [367], 'musculus),': [368], 'black': [369], 'drongo': [370], '(Dicrurus': [371], 'macrocercus),': [372], 'Krukrichane': [373], 'thrush': [374], '(Turdus': [375], 'libonyanus),': [376], 'grass': [378], '(Arvicanithus': [380], 'niloticus),': [381], 'underscoring': [382, 1277], 'need': [384, 954, 1399], 'for': [385, 617, 642, 880, 955, 1008, 1046, 1083, 1213, 1266], 'comprehensive': [386, 1344], 'understanding': [389], 'transmission': [392, 1031, 1119], 'dynamics': [393, 1100], 'broader': [395], 'contexts,': [397], 'Nigeria.': [401, 419, 857], 'Given': [402], 'limited': [404], 'data,': [405], 'this': [406, 649, 1084, 1194, 1364], 'aims': [408], 'investigate': [410], 'seroepidemiology': [412], 'northern': [418, 1034, 1275], '2.': [420], 'Research': [421], 'Presentation': [422], 'adhered': [425], 'ARRIVE': [427], 'reporting': [428], 'guidelines': [429], 'received': [431], 'ethical': [432], 'approval': [433], 'Ministry': [436], 'Agriculture': [438], 'Natural': [440], 'Resources,': [441], 'Kano': [442, 460, 894], 'State,': [443, 461], 'Nigeria': [444, 1004, 1035], '(approval': [445], 'number': [446, 1198], 'REF.VET/80/EC.21).': [447], 'Plasma': [448], 'collected': [450, 526], 'proper': [452], 'restraint': [453], 'each': [455], 'camel': [456, 866], 'at': [457, 740, 892, 1350], 'Fagge': [458], 'abattoir,': [459], 'before': [463], 'slaughter': [464], 'June': [466], '2021': [467], 'May': [469], '2022.': [470], 'Rostral': [471], 'dentition': [472], 'used': [474, 540], 'age': [476, 650, 1249], 'camels,': [478], 'which': [479, 608, 634, 709, 874, 1126, 1159, 1172], 'were': [480, 525, 555, 605, 610, 615, 627, 711, 715, 1203, 1301, 1325], 'further': [481, 1153, 1251], 'categorized': [482], 'either': [484, 508], 'young': [485], '(if': [486], 'less': [487, 628, 705], 'than': [488, 629, 690, 706, 1236], 'six': [489, 495, 630, 667], 'years)': [490], 'adult': [492], '(at': [493], 'least': [494, 741, 972], 'years).': [496], 'Body': [497, 824], 'condition': [498], 'assessed': [500], 'using': [501, 546, 557, 573, 595, 1357], 'fat': [502], 'accumulation': [503], 'thigh': [505], 'circumference': [506], 'very': [509, 514], 'thin,': [510, 511], 'good,': [512], 'fat,': [515], 'previously': [517], 'described.[6]': [518], 'A': [519, 600, 925, 1054, 1343], 'total': [520, 601], '184': [522, 603, 783], 'plasma': [523], 'samples': [524], 'single-humped': [528], 'camels.': [529, 1108], 'ID': [531], 'Screen®': [532], 'kit': [533], 'Innovative': [535], 'Diagnostics': [536], 'Vet': [537], '(France)': [538], 'detect': [542], 'anti-pr-E': [544], 'competitive': [547], 'ELISA': [548], 'according': [549], "manufacturer's": [552], 'instructions.': [553], 'Data': [554, 1498], 'analyzed': [556, 1506], 'R': [558], 'version': [559], '4.0.3': [560], 'presented': [562], 'frequencies': [564], 'percentages,': [566], 'prevalence': [569, 582, 645, 659, 678, 719, 752, 1075], 'calculated': [572, 594], 'Clopper–Pearson': [575], 'interval': [576, 592, 598], 'method.': [577, 599], 'Table': [578, 759], '1': [579, 635, 760, 795, 819], 'shows': [580, 848], 'its': [585], 'associated': [586], 'characteristics,': [587], '95%': [590, 686, 694], 'confidence': [591], '(CI)': [593], 'Clopper-Pearson': [597], 'examined,': [606], '6': [609, 784], 'negative': [611, 637, 712, 745], '(3.26%)': [612], '178': [614, 785], 'positive': [616, 641], '(96.74%': [619], '(95%': [620, 654, 673, 722, 755, 780], 'CI:': [621, 655, 674, 687, 695, 723, 756], '93.04%,': [622], '98.79%)).': [623], 'Twenty-nine': [624], '(15.76%)': [626], 'years': [631, 668], 'old,': [632], 'tested': [636, 640, 744, 748, 775], '28': [639, 796], 'WNV.': [643, 886, 1164, 1321], 'group': [651], '96.55%': [653, 754], '82.24%,': [656], '99.91%).': [657], '155': [663, 801], '(84.24%)': [664], 'aged': [666], 'above': [670], '96.77%': [672], '92.63%,': [675], '98.94%).': [676], 'lower': [682], 'females': [684], '(96.67%,': [685], '92.39%,': [688], '98.91%)': [689], 'males': [692], '(97.06%,': [693], '84.67%,': [696], '99.93%).': [697], 'Ninety-seven': [698], '(53%)': [700], 'score': [703, 738], 'four,': [707, 742], '3': [710, 743, 830, 837], '94': [714, 831], 'positive,': [716, 749], '96.91%': [721], '91.23%,': [724], '99.36%).': [725], 'On': [726], 'other': [728, 914, 1305], 'hand,': [729], '87': [732, 836], '(47%)': [733], 'body': [737], '84': [747, 838], 'giving': [750], '90.25%,': [757], '99.28%).': [758], '-': [761], 'Distribution': [762], 'seropositivity': [767, 860, 1104, 1235, 1244, 1265], 'sociodemographics': [772], 'Characteristic': [773], 'No.': [774], 'Negative': [776], 'Positive': [777], 'Prevalence,': [778], 'CI)a': [781], 'Overall': [782], '96.74': [786], '(93.04,': [787], '98.79)': [788], 'Age': [789], 'group,': [790], 'n': [791, 808, 826], '(%)': [792, 809, 827], '<6': [793], '29': [794], '96.55': [797, 839], '(82.24,': [798], '99.91)': [799], '≥6': [800], '5': [802, 812], '150': [803, 811], '96.77': [804], '(92.63,': [805], '98.94)': [806], 'Sex,': [807], 'Female': [810], '145': [813], '96.67': [814], '(92.39,': [815], '98.91)': [816], 'Male': [817], '34': [818], '33': [820], '97.06': [821], '(84.67,': [822], '99.93)': [823], 'score,': [825], '<4': [828], '97': [829], '96.91': [832], '(91.23,': [833], '99.36)': [834], '≥4': [835], '(90.25,': [840], '99.28)': [841], 'aClopper-Pearson': [842], 'interval.': [843], '3.': [844], 'Discussion': [845], 'endemic': [852, 1052], 'one-humped': [854], 'observed': [861], 'trade': [867], 'movement': [869, 1142], 'Sahel': [872, 1151], 'region,': [873], 'considered': [876], 'major': [877], 'risk': [878], 'factors': [879, 1079], 'arboviruses,': [884, 1409], 'Most': [887], 'slaughtered': [891, 1298], 'abattoir': [895], 'purchased': [897], 'Maigatari': [900], "Mai'adua": [902], 'international': [903], 'markets': [905], 'Jigawa': [907], 'Katsina': [909], 'states,': [910], 'respectively.': [911], 'Camels': [912, 959], 'imported': [917], 'neighboring': [919], 'African': [920], 'adjoining': [923], 'states.': [924], 'previous': [926, 1055], 'locations': [930], 'presence': [933, 1060, 1169], 'arthropod-borne': [936], 'virus–Rift': [937], 'Valley': [938], 'fever': [939], 'virus.[7]': [940], 'As': [941], 'asymptomatic,': [946], 'detecting': [947], 'reinforces': [952], 'increased': [956, 1124], 'surveillance.': [958], 'thrive': [960, 1176], 'semiarid': [962], 'arid': [964], 'zones;': [965], 'therefore,': [966, 1216, 1311], 'expected': [969], 'arboviruses.': [975, 1053], 'desert': [977], 'areas': [978, 1178], 'Ahaggar': [981], 'Tassili': [983], "n'Ajjer": [984], 'national': [985], 'parks': [986], 'Algeria': [988], 'Kawar': [991], "l'Aïr": [993], 'oases': [994, 1024, 1039], 'Niger': [997], 'Republic': [998], 'share': [999], 'land': [1001], 'border': [1002], 'hotspots': [1007], 'close': [1015], 'contact': [1016], 'wild': [1018, 1157], 'mosquitoes': [1021], 'around': [1022], 'these': [1026], 'areas,': [1027], 'creating': [1028], 'cycle.': [1032], 'Similarly,': [1033, 1263], 'over': [1037], '200': [1038], 'serve': [1041], 'derived': [1043], 'ecological': [1044, 1147], 'niches': [1045], 'breeding,': [1049, 1092], 'resulting': [1050], '17.7%': [1062], 'Nigeria,[8]': [1068], 'but': [1069], 'our': [1070], 'present': [1071], '96.74%.': [1077], 'responsible': [1082], 'prevalence,': [1086], 'climate': [1088], 'change,': [1089], 'intense': [1090], 'vector': [1091, 1282], 'reservoir': [1094], 'host': [1095], 'interactions': [1096], 'complex': [1099], 'Climate': [1109], 'change': [1110], 'vectors': [1112], 'affect': [1117], 'through': [1120, 1145], 'pathways': [1121], 'temperature,': [1125], 'directly': [1127], 'mosquito': [1129], 'distribution,': [1130], 'activity,': [1131], 'abundance,': [1133], 'thereby': [1134], 'extending': [1135], 'breeding': [1137, 1214], 'season.[9]': [1138], 'diverse': [1146], 'region': [1152], 'exposes': [1154], 'them': [1155], 'known': [1161, 1174], 'reservoirs': [1162], 'This,': [1165], 'coupled': [1166], 'Culex,': [1171], 'temperatures': [1181], 'humidity,': [1183], 'influence': [1185], 'distribution': [1187], 'multiple': [1191], 'higher': [1197, 1234], 'cows': [1200, 1237], '(female': [1201, 1238], 'camels)': [1202, 1231], 'sampled.': [1204], 'because': [1207], 'female': [1208], 'kept': [1211], 'mainly': [1212], 'purposes;': [1215], 'stay': [1218], 'herd': [1221], 'longer': [1222], 'more': [1226], 'often.': [1227], 'bulls': [1229], '(male': [1230], 'slightly': [1233], 'camels).': [1239], 'With': [1240], 'respect': [1241], 'age,': [1243], 'categories,': [1250], 'demonstrating': [1252], 'endemicity': [1254], 'area.': [1262], 'competence': [1279], 'actively': [1284], 'transmit': [1285], 'virus.[10]': [1287], 'We': [1288], 'acknowledge': [1289], 'following': [1291], 'limitations': [1292], 'study.': [1295], 'Only': [1296], 'abattoirs': [1300], 'tested.': [1302], 'Cross-reactivity': [1303], 'flaviviruses': [1306], 'could': [1307], 'occur': [1308], 'ELISA;': [1310], 'necessary': [1314], 'confirm': [1316], 'strains': [1319], 'detected,': [1327], 'aim': [1330], 'obtain': [1336], 'preliminary': [1337], 'performing': [1340], 'serosurvey.': [1342], 'molecular': [1348], 'human–animal–environment': [1352], 'interface': [1353], 'will': [1354], 'conducted': [1356], 'One': [1359], 'Health': [1360], 'approach.': [1361], 'summary,': [1363], 'reports': [1366], 'levels': [1368], 'against': [1371], 'suggesting': [1377], 'possibility': [1379], 'cryptic': [1382], 'circulation': [1383], 'influenced': [1389], 'sociodemographic': [1392], 'variables': [1393], 'studied.': [1394], 'Therefore,': [1395], 'strengthen': [1401], 'establishing': [1404], 'sentinel': [1405], 'chickens': [1406], 'monitor': [1408], 'part': [1413], 'epidemic': [1415], 'preparedness': [1416], 'spillover': [1418], 'events': [1419], 'Funding': [1422], 'None.': [1423, 1497], 'Author': [1424], 'Contributions': [1425], 'Meschach': [1426], 'M.': [1427, 1447, 1477], 'Maina,': [1428], 'Arhyel': [1429], 'Malgwi,': [1430], 'Bukang': [1431], 'Ali,': [1432], 'Emmanuel': [1433], 'David': [1434], 'Shedrach': [1436], 'B.': [1437, 1473], 'Pewan': [1438], 'contributed': [1439, 1453, 1462, 1479], 'research': [1441, 1444, 1455, 1464, 1481], 'investigation': [1442], 'materials.': [1445], 'Abdulrahman': [1446], 'Adeiza': [1448], 'Reuben': [1450], 'S.': [1451], 'Bala': [1452], 'investigation,': [1456, 1465, 1482], 'sample': [1457], 'collection.': [1458], 'Oyelola': [1459], 'A.': [1460], 'Adegboye': [1461], 'analysis': [1467], ',': [1468], 'writing-original': [1469, 1483], 'draft,': [1470, 1484], 'writing-editing.': [1471, 1485], 'Anyebe': [1472], 'Onoja': [1474], 'Andrew': [1476], 'Adamu': [1478], 'All': [1486], 'authors': [1487], 'read': [1488], 'final': [1492], 'manuscript.': [1493], 'Conflicts': [1494], 'Interest': [1496], 'Available': [1499], 'Statement': [1500], 'datasets': [1502], 'generated': [1503], 'during': [1504, 1507], 'and/or': [1505], 'current': [1509], 'available': [1512], 'corresponding': [1515], 'author': [1516], 'upon': [1517], 'reasonable': [1518], 'request.': [1519]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4402003146', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T19:03:32.397645', 'created_date': '2024-08-30'}