Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4390196542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015', 'title': 'Optical Study on Soot Formation of Ethanol/ hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel/octanol Blends', 'display_name': 'Optical Study on Soot Formation of Ethanol/ hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel/octanol Blends', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-11-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4390196542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.sciltp.com/journals/ijamm/article/download/297/172', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4387287416', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials', 'issn_l': '2653-777X', 'issn': ['2653-777X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://www.sciltp.com/journals/ijamm/article/download/297/172', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052482571', 'display_name': 'Shufa Zhou', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shufa Zhou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029048355', 'display_name': 'Wenjun Zhong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-3169'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Wenjun Zhong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086867654', 'display_name': 'Tamilselvan Pachiannan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tamilselvan Pachiannan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101978917', 'display_name': 'Qing Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2715-0813'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Qing Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020316714', 'display_name': 'Feibin Yan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Feibin Yan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031155875', 'display_name': 'Jiafeng Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-1578'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jiafeng Chen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012622311', 'display_name': 'Zhixia He', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-9323'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhixia He', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101424211', 'display_name': 'Qian Wang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-3691'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I115592961', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jc41j30', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Qian Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5029048355'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I115592961'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.233, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.497189, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 67, 'max': 78}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '3', 'last_page': '3'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10507', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel Production and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10507', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel Production and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10117', 'display_name': 'Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1507', 'display_name': 'Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10192', 'display_name': 'Catalytic Processes in Materials Science', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cetane-number', 'display_name': 'Cetane number', 'score': 0.92821544}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55062507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726627', 'display_name': 'Cetane number', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.92821544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775925408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856', 'display_name': 'Soot', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.92450786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52896960', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5758475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44249135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780161600', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153', 'display_name': 'Ethanol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41383916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20556612', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374', 'display_name': 'Volume (thermodynamics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41169629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3955981}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3752829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3706809}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105923489', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235', 'display_name': 'Combustion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.36771697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107872376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355', 'display_name': 'Environmental chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32284385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29553896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.24482185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07001835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.sciltp.com/journals/ijamm/article/download/297/172', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4387287416', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials', 'issn_l': '2653-777X', 'issn': ['2653-777X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.53941/ijamm.2023.100015', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.sciltp.com/journals/ijamm/article/download/297/172', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4387287416', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Automotive Manufacturing and Materials', 'issn_l': '2653-777X', 'issn': ['2653-777X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.52, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 32, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1857819817', 'https://openalex.org/W1983896184', 'https://openalex.org/W1986005039', 'https://openalex.org/W1986793303', 'https://openalex.org/W2056754315', 'https://openalex.org/W2066660037', 'https://openalex.org/W2078889949', 'https://openalex.org/W2086631862', 'https://openalex.org/W2092655185', 'https://openalex.org/W2146135637', 'https://openalex.org/W2495405838', 'https://openalex.org/W2511759738', 'https://openalex.org/W2519302917', 'https://openalex.org/W2748294825', 'https://openalex.org/W2800570523', 'https://openalex.org/W2913752232', 'https://openalex.org/W2914495650', 'https://openalex.org/W2947540991', 'https://openalex.org/W2990062527', 'https://openalex.org/W2996776636', 'https://openalex.org/W2997770654', 'https://openalex.org/W3022588134', 'https://openalex.org/W3029762845', 'https://openalex.org/W3115914410', 'https://openalex.org/W3145663473', 'https://openalex.org/W3161080967', 'https://openalex.org/W3169207591', 'https://openalex.org/W3170180352', 'https://openalex.org/W3179681332', 'https://openalex.org/W4205462218', 'https://openalex.org/W4281616302', 'https://openalex.org/W4380685466'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4313328048', 'https://openalex.org/W3163644147', 'https://openalex.org/W3131662861', 'https://openalex.org/W3087460199', 'https://openalex.org/W3026694392', 'https://openalex.org/W2925455030', 'https://openalex.org/W2902438961', 'https://openalex.org/W2778496205', 'https://openalex.org/W2064796983', 'https://openalex.org/W2004576909'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Article': [0], 'Optical': [1], 'Study': [2], 'on': [3, 142, 201], 'Soot': [4], 'Formation': [5], 'of': [6, 38, 76, 127, 135, 171, 181, 193, 196, 207, 221, 248, 255, 263, 273, 287], 'Ethanol/hydrogenated': [7], 'Catalytic': [8], 'Biodiesel/octanol': [9], 'Blends': [10], 'Shufa': [11], 'Zhou': [12], '1,': [13, 22, 25, 28], 'Wenjun': [14], 'Zhong': [15], '1,*,': [16], 'Tamilselvan': [17], 'Pachiannan': [18], '2,': [19, 31], 'Qing': [20], 'Liu': [21], 'Feibin': [23], 'Yan': [24], 'Jiafeng': [26], 'Chen': [27], 'Zhixia': [29], 'He': [30], 'and': [32, 40, 174, 179, 198, 205, 251, 265, 271], 'Qian': [33], 'Wang': [34], '1': [35, 36], 'School': [37], 'Energy': [39, 51], 'Power': [41], 'Engineering,': [42], 'Jiangsu': [43, 53], 'University,': [44, 54], 'Zhenjiang': [45, 55], '212013,': [46, 56], 'China': [47, 57], '2': [48, 66], 'Institute': [49], 'for': [50], 'Research,': [52], '*': [58], 'Correspondence:': [59], '[email protected]': [60], 'Received:': [61], '5': [62], 'September': [63], '2023': [64, 68, 72], 'Accepted:': [65], 'November': [67, 71], 'Published:': [69], '28': [70], 'Abstract:': [73], 'The': [74, 124, 176, 191], 'incorporation': [75], 'alcohol-based': [77], 'fuel': [78, 141], 'is': [79, 284], 'pivotal': [80], 'in': [81, 101, 169, 228, 267, 289], 'attenuating': [82], 'soot': [83, 99, 143, 161, 167, 182, 208, 274, 292], 'emissions': [84], 'arising': [85], 'from': [86], 'highly': [87, 139], 'reactive': [88, 140], 'hydrocarbon-based': [89], 'fuels.': [90], 'To': [91], 'elucidate': [92], 'the': [93, 111, 133, 157, 186, 202, 218, 231, 235, 238, 257, 268, 279, 290], 'mechanism': [94], 'through': [95], 'which': [96], 'ethanol': [97, 137, 164, 187], 'curtails': [98], 'formation': [100, 168, 183, 209], 'hydrogenated': [102], 'biodiesel,': [103], 'an': [104, 252, 261], 'experimental': [105], 'inquiry': [106], 'was': [107, 130], 'undertaken': [108], 'by': [109], 'employing': [110], 'high-frequency': [112], 'background': [113], 'light': [114], 'extinction': [115], 'technique': [116], 'within': [117], 'a': [118, 224, 246, 285], 'constant': [119], 'volume': [120], 'combustion': [121], 'chamber': [122], 'system.': [123], 'primary': [125], 'objective': [126], 'this': [128], 'study': [129], 'to': [131, 151, 159, 230, 278], 'scrutinize': [132], 'impact': [134], 'blending': [136, 188], 'with': [138, 211], 'generation.': [144], 'Empirical': [145], 'evidence': [146], 'shows': [147, 260], 'that': [148], 'ethanol,': [149], 'owing': [150], 'its': [152], 'substantial': [153], 'oxygen': [154, 253], 'content,': [155], 'has': [156], 'potential': [158], 'facilitate': [160], 'oxidation.': [162], 'Incorporating': [163], 'effectively': [165], 'diminishes': [166], 'aspects': [170], 'quantity,': [172], 'rate,': [173], 'area.': [175], 'initial': [177, 203, 269], 'time': [178, 204, 270], 'location': [180, 206, 272], 'increase': [184, 262], 'as': [185], 'ratio': [189], 'increases.': [190], 'influence': [192, 227], 'latent': [194, 219], 'heat': [195, 220], 'evaporation': [197, 222], 'Cetane': [199, 232, 239], 'Number': [200, 240], 'varies': [210], 'distinct': [212], 'environmental': [213], 'temperatures.': [214], 'At': [215, 245], '750': [216], 'K,': [217], 'exhibits': [223], 'more': [225, 243], 'pronounced': [226], 'contrast': [229], 'Number.': [233], 'As': [234], 'temperature': [236, 247], 'rises,': [237], 'gradually': [241], 'becomes': [242], 'influential.': [244], '825': [249], 'K': [250], 'content': [254], '21%,': [256], 'E30H60O10': [258], 'blend': [259], '21.2%': [264], '21.4%': [266], 'formation,': [275], 'respectively,': [276], 'compared': [277], 'E15H75O10': [280], 'mix.': [281], 'Furthermore,': [282], 'there': [283], 'reduction': [286], '75.8%': [288], 'total': [291], 'mass.': [293]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390196542', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-03T04:36:52.155470', 'created_date': '2023-12-26'}