Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4389671934', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123425', 'title': 'Prediction of Clean Coal Ash Content in Coal Flotation through a Convergent Model Unifying Deep Learning and Likelihood Function, Incorporating Froth Velocity and Reagent Dosage Parameters', 'display_name': 'Prediction of Clean Coal Ash Content in Coal Flotation through a Convergent Model Unifying Deep Learning and Likelihood Function, Incorporating Froth Velocity and Reagent Dosage Parameters', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-12-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4389671934', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123425'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123425', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/12/3425/pdf?version=1702473664', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210201879', 'display_name': 'Processes', 'issn_l': '2227-9717', 'issn': ['2227-9717'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/12/3425/pdf?version=1702473664', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004082407', 'display_name': 'Fucheng Lu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184681353', 'display_name': 'Anhui University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00q9atg80', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fucheng Lu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007033067', 'display_name': 'Haizeng Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8447-459X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184681353', 'display_name': 'Anhui University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00q9atg80', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Haizeng Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015744225', 'display_name': 'Wenbao Lv', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-6967'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184681353', 'display_name': 'Anhui University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00q9atg80', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wenbao Lv', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5007033067'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184681353'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2000, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2165, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2000, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2165, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.427, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.516801, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 78, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '11', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '3425', 'last_page': '3425'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11401', 'display_name': 'Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11401', 'display_name': 'Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2312', 'display_name': 'Water Science and Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12282', 'display_name': 'Mineral Processing and Grinding', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13065', 'display_name': 'Mining Techniques and Economics', 'score': 0.9819, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2207', 'display_name': 'Control and Systems Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clean-coal', 'display_name': 'Clean coal', 'score': 0.5272307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/feature', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'score': 0.43829256}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5738601}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C518851703', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489', 'display_name': 'Coal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5491736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67754453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16241204', 'display_name': 'Clean coal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5272307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108583219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536', 'display_name': 'Deep learning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5039696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50644808', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776', 'display_name': 'Artificial neural network', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4882679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46669012}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14036430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076', 'display_name': 'Function (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4545457}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776401178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43829256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37750167}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36464256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35374665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21825859}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123425', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/12/3425/pdf?version=1702473664', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210201879', 'display_name': 'Processes', 'issn_l': '2227-9717', 'issn': ['2227-9717'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123425', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/12/3425/pdf?version=1702473664', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210201879', 'display_name': 'Processes', 'issn_l': '2227-9717', 'issn': ['2227-9717'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.5, 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 48, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1981049948', 'https://openalex.org/W2000010444', 'https://openalex.org/W2001471199', 'https://openalex.org/W2014900061', 'https://openalex.org/W2019379038', 'https://openalex.org/W2019558327', 'https://openalex.org/W2026300226', 'https://openalex.org/W2117999367', 'https://openalex.org/W2146582318', 'https://openalex.org/W2183174234', 'https://openalex.org/W2315129736', 'https://openalex.org/W2328827422', 'https://openalex.org/W2398205319', 'https://openalex.org/W2758126011', 'https://openalex.org/W2794063645', 'https://openalex.org/W2795425706', 'https://openalex.org/W2901867351', 'https://openalex.org/W2911484322', 'https://openalex.org/W2963447690', 'https://openalex.org/W2970610049', 'https://openalex.org/W3005233762', 'https://openalex.org/W3005606448', 'https://openalex.org/W3009055137', 'https://openalex.org/W3040557872', 'https://openalex.org/W3042276066', 'https://openalex.org/W3088208891', 'https://openalex.org/W3090784996', 'https://openalex.org/W3092022274', 'https://openalex.org/W3105513704', 'https://openalex.org/W3113619846', 'https://openalex.org/W3133389405', 'https://openalex.org/W3133597938', 'https://openalex.org/W3174283074', 'https://openalex.org/W3178327202', 'https://openalex.org/W3193538123', 'https://openalex.org/W3205952246', 'https://openalex.org/W3211042165', 'https://openalex.org/W3213929123', 'https://openalex.org/W4200139876', 'https://openalex.org/W4211091690', 'https://openalex.org/W4213425119', 'https://openalex.org/W4295836050', 'https://openalex.org/W4310203975', 'https://openalex.org/W4381886277', 'https://openalex.org/W4384830979', 'https://openalex.org/W4385704081', 'https://openalex.org/W4385718540', 'https://openalex.org/W4386912062'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2725254822', 'https://openalex.org/W2377272586', 'https://openalex.org/W2369999853', 'https://openalex.org/W2350163698', 'https://openalex.org/W2090817434', 'https://openalex.org/W2067700489', 'https://openalex.org/W2056755843', 'https://openalex.org/W2047404383', 'https://openalex.org/W123138764', 'https://openalex.org/W103724514'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'study': [1], 'successfully': [2], 'achieved': [3], 'high-precision': [4], 'detection': [5], 'of': [6, 100, 130], 'the': [7, 13, 23, 45, 64, 88, 96, 101, 110, 116, 128], 'clean': [8, 136], 'coal': [9, 14, 137], 'ash': [10, 138], 'content': [11], 'in': [12], 'froth': [15, 133], 'flotation': [16, 131], 'domain': [17], 'by': [18, 36], 'integrating': [19], 'deep': [20, 39, 118], 'learning': [21, 40], 'with': [22, 44, 153], 'likelihood': [24, 46, 90, 102, 112], 'function.': [25], 'Methodologically,': [26], 'a': [27, 38], 'novel': [28], 'data': [29], 'processing': [30], 'and': [31, 61, 66, 69, 83, 135, 169], 'prediction': [32, 123], 'framework': [33], 'was': [34, 54, 92, 125], 'established': [35], 'combining': [37], 'Keras': [41, 117], 'neural': [42, 119], 'network': [43], 'function': [47, 113], 'from': [48, 63], 'probability': [49], 'statistics.': [50], 'The': [51, 140, 147], 'SIFT': [52], 'algorithm': [53], 'utilized': [55], 'to': [56, 75, 94], 'extract': [57], 'key': [58], 'feature': [59], 'points': [60], 'descriptors': [62], 'images,': [65], 'keypoint': [67], 'matching': [68], 'mean-shift': [70], 'clustering': [71], 'algorithms': [72], 'were': [73, 150], 'employed': [74], 'accurately': [76], 'obtain': [77], 'information': [78], 'on': [79], 'foam': [80], 'motion': [81], 'trajectories': [82], 'velocities.': [84], 'For': [85], 'parameter': [86, 98], 'optimization,': [87], 'maximum': [89], 'estimation': [91], 'applied': [93], 'find': [95], 'optimal': [97], 'estimates': [99], 'function,': [103], 'ensuring': [104], 'enhanced': [105], 'model': [106, 124], 'accuracy.': [107], 'By': [108], 'incorporating': [109], 'optimized': [111], 'parameters': [114], 'into': [115], 'network,': [120], 'an': [121], 'efficient': [122], 'constructed': [126], 'for': [127], 'dosage': [129], 'reagents,': [132], 'velocity,': [134], 'content.': [139], 'model’s': [141], 'evaluation': [142], 'involved': [143], 'six': [144], 'performance': [145], 'metrics.': [146], 'experimental': [148], 'results': [149], 'highly': [151], 'significant,': [152], 'R2': [154], 'at': [155, 158, 161, 164, 167, 171], '0.99997%,': [156], 'RMSE': [157], '0.04458%,': [159], 'MAE': [160], '0.00170%,': [162], 'MAPE': [163], '0.02329%,': [165], 'RRSE': [166], '0.00994%,': [168], 'MAAPE': [170], '0.00067%.': [172]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389671934', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T22:41:42.308520', 'created_date': '2023-12-14'}