Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4387782426', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205028', 'title': 'Unsupervised Nonlinear Hyperspectral Unmixing with Reduced Spectral Variability via Superpixel-Based Fisher Transformation', 'display_name': 'Unsupervised Nonlinear Hyperspectral Unmixing with Reduced Spectral Variability via Superpixel-Based Fisher Transformation', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-10-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4387782426', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205028'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205028', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/5028/pdf?version=1697720486', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S43295729', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing', 'issn_l': '2072-4292', 'issn': ['2072-4292'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/5028/pdf?version=1697720486', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074600550', 'display_name': 'Zhangqiang Yin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2912-7427'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181326427', 'display_name': 'Donghua University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035psfh38', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181326427']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhangqiang Yin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181326427']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046815454', 'display_name': 'Bin Yang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-0788'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181326427', 'display_name': 'Donghua University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035psfh38', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181326427']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bin Yang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181326427']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5046815454'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181326427'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2500, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2707, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2500, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2707, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 0.355, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.638188, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 67, 'max': 78}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '20', 'first_page': '5028', 'last_page': '5028'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10689', 'display_name': 'Remote-Sensing Image Classification', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10689', 'display_name': 'Remote-Sensing Image Classification', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11659', 'display_name': 'Advanced Image Fusion Techniques', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13890', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing and Land Use', 'score': 0.9792, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting', 'display_name': 'Overfitting', 'score': 0.63282853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember', 'display_name': 'Endmember', 'score': 0.55908245}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159078339', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005', 'display_name': 'Hyperspectral imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8394978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C160633673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198', 'display_name': 'Pixel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6817214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22019652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309', 'display_name': 'Overfitting', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63282853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158622935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848', 'display_name': 'Nonlinear system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.594457}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204241405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499', 'display_name': 'Transformation (genetics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5911808}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5750626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5634014}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58237817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204', 'display_name': 'Endmember', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.55908245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5177952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3771647}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34374157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50644808', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776', 'display_name': 'Artificial neural network', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11224684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07727751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205028', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/5028/pdf?version=1697720486', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S43295729', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing', 'issn_l': '2072-4292', 'issn': ['2072-4292'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15205028', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/20/5028/pdf?version=1697720486', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S43295729', 'display_name': 'Remote Sensing', 'issn_l': '2072-4292', 'issn': ['2072-4292'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.45, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14', 'display_name': 'Life below water'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '62001098'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 66, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1524571335', 'https://openalex.org/W1957094454', 'https://openalex.org/W1964570608', 'https://openalex.org/W2011315899', 'https://openalex.org/W2023791222', 'https://openalex.org/W2025907697', 'https://openalex.org/W2037328426', 'https://openalex.org/W2042626896', 'https://openalex.org/W2051358843', 'https://openalex.org/W2059377398', 'https://openalex.org/W2060629443', 'https://openalex.org/W2105326198', 'https://openalex.org/W2107919956', 'https://openalex.org/W2121647436', 'https://openalex.org/W2122520938', 'https://openalex.org/W2127062304', 'https://openalex.org/W2141955054', 'https://openalex.org/W2144881411', 'https://openalex.org/W2157321686', 'https://openalex.org/W2163886442', 'https://openalex.org/W2165755981', 'https://openalex.org/W2167799103', 'https://openalex.org/W2346349995', 'https://openalex.org/W2543580944', 'https://openalex.org/W2581974534', 'https://openalex.org/W2605997226', 'https://openalex.org/W2741786247', 'https://openalex.org/W2753563709', 'https://openalex.org/W2755992512', 'https://openalex.org/W2790688554', 'https://openalex.org/W2791052411', 'https://openalex.org/W2811009023', 'https://openalex.org/W2890585763', 'https://openalex.org/W2893348249', 'https://openalex.org/W2897962879', 'https://openalex.org/W2924113356', 'https://openalex.org/W2950964158', 'https://openalex.org/W2951039757', 'https://openalex.org/W2963180193', 'https://openalex.org/W2967530387', 'https://openalex.org/W2983178554', 'https://openalex.org/W2989590988', 'https://openalex.org/W3002092414', 'https://openalex.org/W3012328093', 'https://openalex.org/W3043084891', 'https://openalex.org/W3080744342', 'https://openalex.org/W3101353736', 'https://openalex.org/W3106289623', 'https://openalex.org/W3110749113', 'https://openalex.org/W3158091052', 'https://openalex.org/W3160949528', 'https://openalex.org/W3161263451', 'https://openalex.org/W3165729427', 'https://openalex.org/W3166823941', 'https://openalex.org/W3188774019', 'https://openalex.org/W3205148564', 'https://openalex.org/W4205095826', 'https://openalex.org/W4205220437', 'https://openalex.org/W4205690031', 'https://openalex.org/W4226336696', 'https://openalex.org/W4233760599', 'https://openalex.org/W4285173622', 'https://openalex.org/W4293731930', 'https://openalex.org/W4294691133', 'https://openalex.org/W4316013182', 'https://openalex.org/W4392677642'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3106536224', 'https://openalex.org/W2891033441', 'https://openalex.org/W2890371384', 'https://openalex.org/W2563324120', 'https://openalex.org/W2315521504', 'https://openalex.org/W2051769241', 'https://openalex.org/W2040756827', 'https://openalex.org/W2037328426', 'https://openalex.org/W2006559622', 'https://openalex.org/W1990914742'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 77], 'hyperspectral': [1, 215], 'unmixing,': [2], 'dealing': [3], 'with': [4, 106, 228], 'nonlinear': [5, 83, 160], 'mixing': [6], 'effects': [7], 'and': [8, 29, 49, 68, 75, 119, 158, 168, 180, 213], 'spectral': [9, 137, 178], 'variability': [10], '(SV)': [11], 'is': [12, 89, 97, 152, 194], 'a': [13, 52, 80, 164, 197], 'significant': [14], 'challenge.': [15], 'Traditional': [16], 'linear': [17], 'unmixing': [18, 41, 84, 189, 207], 'can': [19, 110, 139], 'be': [20, 140], 'seriously': [21], 'deteriorated': [22], 'by': [23, 57, 99, 163, 196], 'the': [24, 36, 45, 58, 69, 112, 121, 127, 132, 148, 176, 181, 188, 220, 223], 'coupled': [25], 'residuals': [26], 'of': [27, 38, 47, 72, 117, 134, 222], 'nonlinearity': [28, 48, 59], 'SV': [30, 61, 88], 'in': [31, 143, 175, 226], 'remote': [32, 216], 'sensing': [33, 217], 'scenarios.': [34], 'For': [35], 'simplification': [37], 'calculation,': [39], 'current': [40], 'studies': [42], 'usually': [43], 'separate': [44], 'consideration': [46], 'SV.': [50, 135], 'As': [51], 'result,': [53], 'errors': [54, 174], 'individually': [55], 'caused': [56], 'or': [60], 'still': [62], 'persist,': [63], 'potentially': [64], 'leading': [65], 'to': [66, 126, 154, 186, 204], 'overfitting': [67], 'decreased': [70], 'accuracy': [71], 'estimated': [73], 'endmembers': [74], 'abundances.': [76], 'this': [78, 192], 'paper,': [79], 'novel': [81], 'unsupervised': [82], 'method': [85, 225], 'accounting': [86], 'for': [87], 'proposed.': [90], 'First,': [91], 'an': [92, 101], 'improved': [93], 'Fisher': [94, 165], 'transformation': [95, 166], 'scheme': [96], 'constructed': [98], 'combining': [100], 'abundance-driven': [102], 'dynamic': [103], 'classification': [104], 'strategy': [105], 'superpixel': [107], 'segmentation.': [108], 'It': [109], 'enlarge': [111], 'differences': [113, 122], 'between': [114, 123], 'different': [115], 'types': [116], 'pixels': [118, 124, 157], 'reduce': [120], 'corresponding': [125], 'same': [128], 'class,': [129], 'thereby': [130], 'reducing': [131], 'influence': [133], 'Besides,': [136], 'similarity': [138], 'well': [141], 'maintained': [142], 'local': [144], 'homogeneous': [145], 'regions.': [146], 'Second,': [147], 'polynomial': [149], 'postnonlinear': [150], 'model': [151], 'employed': [153], 'represent': [155], 'observed': [156], 'explain': [159], 'components.': [161], 'Regularized': [162], 'operator': [167], 'abundances’': [169], 'spatial': [170], 'smoothness,': [171], 'data': [172, 218], 'reconstruction': [173], 'original': [177], 'space': [179, 183], 'transformed': [182], 'are': [184], 'weighed': [185], 'derive': [187], 'problem.': [190], 'Finally,': [191], 'problem': [193], 'solved': [195], 'dimensional': [198], 'division-based': [199], 'particle': [200], 'swarm': [201], 'optimization': [202], 'algorithm': [203], 'produce': [205], 'accurate': [206], 'results.': [208], 'Extensive': [209], 'experiments': [210], 'on': [211], 'synthetic': [212], 'real': [214], 'demonstrate': [219], 'superiority': [221], 'proposed': [224], 'comparison': [227], 'state-of-the-art': [229], 'approaches.': [230]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387782426', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T09:10:15.368767', 'created_date': '2023-10-20'}