Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4386752185', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2023.02.03.006', 'title': 'An Overview of Content-Based Image Retrieval Methods and Techniques', 'display_name': 'An Overview of Content-Based Image Retrieval Methods and Techniques', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-07-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4386752185', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2023.02.03.006'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2023.02.03.006', 'pdf_url': 'https://journal.esj.edu.iq/index.php/IJCM/article/download/579/301', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210240835', 'display_name': 'Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics', 'issn_l': '2788-7421', 'issn': ['2788-7421', '2958-0544'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://journal.esj.edu.iq/index.php/IJCM/article/download/579/301', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5092873921', 'display_name': 'M.H. Hadid', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8535-6184'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72539421', 'display_name': 'University of Tikrit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zfzax10', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M.H Hadid', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077650883', 'display_name': 'Qasim Mohammed Hussein', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5016-9934'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72539421', 'display_name': 'University of Tikrit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zfzax10', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Qasim Mohammed Hussein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018197928', 'display_name': 'Z.T. Al-Qaysi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-2709'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72539421', 'display_name': 'University of Tikrit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zfzax10', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Z.T. Al-Qaysi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070480529', 'display_name': 'Mohamed A. Ahmed', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-4469'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72539421', 'display_name': 'University of Tikrit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zfzax10', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M.A. Ahmed', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045129830', 'display_name': 'Mahmood M. Salih', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1245-1904'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72539421', 'display_name': 'University of Tikrit', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zfzax10', 'country_code': 'IQ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}], 'countries': ['IQ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mahmood M. Salih', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tikrit University, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science Department, Iraq', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72539421']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.466, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 9, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999956, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '66', 'last_page': '78'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10824', 'display_name': 'Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10824', 'display_name': 'Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10627', 'display_name': 'Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques', 'score': 0.9912, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10689', 'display_name': 'Remote-Sensing Image Classification', 'score': 0.9673, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/content-based-image-retrieval', 'display_name': 'Content-Based Image Retrieval', 'score': 0.68829757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/feature', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'score': 0.49318928}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.809435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1667742', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554', 'display_name': 'Image retrieval', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7966645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780052074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128648', 'display_name': 'Content-based image retrieval', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.68829757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199579030', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778', 'display_name': 'Automatic image annotation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6764237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6584692}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189391414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579', 'display_name': 'Visual Word', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6290047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189430467', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293', 'display_name': 'Ranking (information retrieval)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49505678}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776401178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496', 'display_name': 'Feature (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49318928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46476826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110875604', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75', 'display_name': 'The Internet', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42123955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3817817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115961682', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623', 'display_name': 'Image (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.32853597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11138812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2023.02.03.006', 'pdf_url': 'https://journal.esj.edu.iq/index.php/IJCM/article/download/579/301', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210240835', 'display_name': 'Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics', 'issn_l': '2788-7421', 'issn': ['2788-7421', '2958-0544'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.52866/ijcsm.2023.02.03.006', 'pdf_url': 'https://journal.esj.edu.iq/index.php/IJCM/article/download/579/301', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210240835', 'display_name': 'Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics', 'issn_l': '2788-7421', 'issn': ['2788-7421', '2958-0544'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 81, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2519560949', 'https://openalex.org/W2601707599', 'https://openalex.org/W2742563715', 'https://openalex.org/W2756325138', 'https://openalex.org/W2787759290', 'https://openalex.org/W2804390575', 'https://openalex.org/W2902431971', 'https://openalex.org/W2915776115', 'https://openalex.org/W2922439591', 'https://openalex.org/W2962724865', 'https://openalex.org/W2966988368', 'https://openalex.org/W2969248769', 'https://openalex.org/W2970223703', 'https://openalex.org/W2974130068', 'https://openalex.org/W2980684393', 'https://openalex.org/W2991616716', 'https://openalex.org/W2994112262', 'https://openalex.org/W2995966364', 'https://openalex.org/W2997428102', 'https://openalex.org/W2998222507', 'https://openalex.org/W3004120101', 'https://openalex.org/W3004887560', 'https://openalex.org/W3015396757', 'https://openalex.org/W3017207995', 'https://openalex.org/W3019880883', 'https://openalex.org/W3027130041', 'https://openalex.org/W3035445508', 'https://openalex.org/W3035808467', 'https://openalex.org/W3039161506', 'https://openalex.org/W3039475081', 'https://openalex.org/W3042012310', 'https://openalex.org/W3044696335', 'https://openalex.org/W3047506095', 'https://openalex.org/W3048161992', 'https://openalex.org/W3083769016', 'https://openalex.org/W3090162892', 'https://openalex.org/W3093468414', 'https://openalex.org/W3098468639', 'https://openalex.org/W3108274592', 'https://openalex.org/W3109386376', 'https://openalex.org/W3119589206', 'https://openalex.org/W3119737334', 'https://openalex.org/W3120671187', 'https://openalex.org/W3124539583', 'https://openalex.org/W3127784437', 'https://openalex.org/W3127955367', 'https://openalex.org/W3128155302', 'https://openalex.org/W3129469040', 'https://openalex.org/W3131860561', 'https://openalex.org/W3135306356', 'https://openalex.org/W3140854437', 'https://openalex.org/W3146097035', 'https://openalex.org/W3158402395', 'https://openalex.org/W3159908420', 'https://openalex.org/W3161334561', 'https://openalex.org/W3166041482', 'https://openalex.org/W3171009026', 'https://openalex.org/W3171169449', 'https://openalex.org/W3171768271', 'https://openalex.org/W3174396811', 'https://openalex.org/W3183838535', 'https://openalex.org/W3186221488', 'https://openalex.org/W3189808986', 'https://openalex.org/W3192970355', 'https://openalex.org/W3195964941', 'https://openalex.org/W3196482499', 'https://openalex.org/W3197390426', 'https://openalex.org/W3201612401', 'https://openalex.org/W3215000307', 'https://openalex.org/W4200198674', 'https://openalex.org/W4205405490', 'https://openalex.org/W4220652471', 'https://openalex.org/W4220862901', 'https://openalex.org/W4223917335', 'https://openalex.org/W4224283414', 'https://openalex.org/W4241050591', 'https://openalex.org/W4283800208', 'https://openalex.org/W4288600689', 'https://openalex.org/W4293087655', 'https://openalex.org/W4313583516', 'https://openalex.org/W4400134761'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W826460979', 'https://openalex.org/W4386752185', 'https://openalex.org/W4327774125', 'https://openalex.org/W3197447665', 'https://openalex.org/W2602624304', 'https://openalex.org/W2590792214', 'https://openalex.org/W2573424097', 'https://openalex.org/W2186643570', 'https://openalex.org/W2031096531', 'https://openalex.org/W1984753464'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'With': [0], 'the': [1, 7, 52, 100, 107, 123, 128, 139, 150, 153, 170, 172], 'development': [2], 'of': [3, 9, 66, 169, 174], 'Internet': [4], 'technology': [5], 'and': [6, 20, 29, 41, 64, 68, 132, 196, 198], 'popularity': [8], 'digital': [10], 'devices,': [11], 'Content-Based': [12], 'Image': [13], 'Retrieval': [14], '(CBIR)': [15], 'has': [16, 137], 'been': [17, 59, 74, 138], 'quickly': [18], 'developed': [19], 'applied': [21], 'in': [22, 84, 105, 161, 207], 'various': [23, 113, 179, 191], 'fields': [24], 'related': [25, 38], 'to': [26, 36, 80, 99, 122, 142], 'computer': [27], 'vision': [28], 'artificial': [30], 'intelligence.': [31], 'Currently,': [32], 'it': [33, 147], 'is': [34, 182], 'possible': [35], 'retrieve': [37], 'images': [39, 83, 102, 108], 'effectively': [40], 'efficiently': [42], 'from': [43, 152, 178], 'a': [44, 85, 90, 166, 188], 'large-scale': [45], 'database': [46], 'with': [47], 'an': [48], 'input': [49], 'image.': [50, 92], 'In': [51], 'past': [53, 114], 'ten': [54], 'years,': [55], 'great': [56], 'efforts': [57], 'have': [58, 73], 'made': [60], 'for': [61, 109], 'new': [62], 'theories': [63], 'models': [65], 'CBIR,': [67], 'many': [69], 'effective': [70], 'CBIR': [71], 'algorithms': [72], 'established.': [75], 'Content-based': [76], 'image': [77, 163, 208], 'retrieval': [78, 192, 209], 'helps': [79], 'discover': [81], 'identical': [82], 'big': [86], 'dataset': [87, 101], 'that': [88, 126], 'match': [89], 'query': [91, 94], 'The': [93, 155], "image's": [95], 'representative': [96], 'feature': [97, 119, 145], 'similarities': [98], 'typically': [103], 'assist': [104], 'ranking': [106], 'retrieval.': [110, 164], 'There': [111], 'are': [112], 'studies': [115], 'on': [116], 'different': [117], 'handicraft': [118], 'descriptors': [120, 197], 'according': [121], 'visual': [124], 'features': [125, 151], 'describe': [127], 'images:': [129], 'color,': [130], 'texture,': [131], 'shape.': [133], 'However,': [134], 'deep': [135], 'learning': [136], 'dominant': [140], 'alternative': [141], 'manually': [143], 'planned': [144], 'engineering;': [146], 'automatically': [148], 'takes': [149], 'data.': [154], 'current': [156, 175], 'work': [157], 'reviews': [158], 'recent': [159], 'advancements': [160], 'content-based': [162], 'For': [165], 'deeper': [167], 'understanding': [168], 'advancement,': [171], 'explanation': [173], 'state-of-the-art': [176], 'approaches': [177], 'vantage': [180], 'points': [181], 'also': [183], 'conducted.': [184], 'This': [185], 'review': [186], 'employs': [187], 'taxonomy': [189], 'encompassing': [190], 'networks,': [193], 'classification': [194], 'types,': [195], 'this': [199], 'study': [200], 'will': [201], 'help': [202], 'researchers': [203], 'make': [204], 'more': [205], 'progress': [206]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386752185', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T19:08:05.906854', 'created_date': '2023-09-15'}