Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4386532011', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08', 'title': 'Popular Influenza Antiviral Drugs: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Resistance', 'display_name': 'Popular Influenza Antiviral Drugs: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Resistance', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-08-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4386532011', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/article/download/2616/1841', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210175273', 'display_name': 'BioScientific Review', 'issn_l': '2663-4198', 'issn': ['2663-4198', '2663-4201'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319280', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Management and Technology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319280'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Management and Technology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/article/download/2616/1841', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046477949', 'display_name': 'Sidney Ley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-4842'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I90871651', 'display_name': 'University of Toledo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pbdzh19', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I90871651']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157417397', 'display_name': 'Bowling Green State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00ay7va13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157417397']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Sidney Ley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Ohio, United States', 'Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I90871651']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Ohio, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157417397']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5046477949'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I90871651', 'https://openalex.org/I157417397'], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 67}, 'biblio': {'volume': '5', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '73', 'last_page': '90'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10167', 'display_name': 'Influenza Virus Research Studies', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10167', 'display_name': 'Influenza Virus Research Studies', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11243', 'display_name': 'Respiratory viral infections research', 'score': 0.9856, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11668', 'display_name': 'interferon and immune responses', 'score': 0.9841, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic', 'display_name': 'Pandemic', 'score': 0.5781284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/amantadine', 'display_name': 'Amantadine', 'score': 0.52586627}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-drug', 'display_name': 'Antiviral drug', 'score': 0.45892742}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6212447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134164806', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409485', 'display_name': 'Neuraminidase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59543467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89623803', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184', 'display_name': 'Pandemic', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5781284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114851261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416', 'display_name': 'Drug resistance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5395936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777374534', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409761', 'display_name': 'Amantadine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52586627}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177713679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690', 'display_name': 'Intensive care medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4833755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779756493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846227', 'display_name': 'Antiviral drug', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45892742}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4142665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C519248777', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160122', 'display_name': 'Influenza A virus subtype H5N1', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41376883}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.35253653}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3008058167', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196', 'display_name': 'Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.22671121}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21754137}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16808486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C524204448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926', 'display_name': 'Infectious disease (medical specialty)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.16080442}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11328629}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07259169}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/article/download/2616/1841', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210175273', 'display_name': 'BioScientific Review', 'issn_l': '2663-4198', 'issn': ['2663-4198', '2663-4201'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319280', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Management and Technology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319280'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Management and Technology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0008.v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202208.0008/v1/download', 'source': None, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0008.v2', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202208.0008/v2/download', 'source': None, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0008.v3', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202208.0008/v3/download', 'source': None, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/article/download/2616/1841', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210175273', 'display_name': 'BioScientific Review', 'issn_l': '2663-4198', 'issn': ['2663-4198', '2663-4201'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319280', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Management and Technology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319280'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Management and Technology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.88}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1263594', 'https://openalex.org/W1603897387', 'https://openalex.org/W1691546288', 'https://openalex.org/W2004591356', 'https://openalex.org/W2008617110', 'https://openalex.org/W2011590120', 'https://openalex.org/W2013876235', 'https://openalex.org/W2023575018', 'https://openalex.org/W2036977599', 'https://openalex.org/W2037666515', 'https://openalex.org/W2048152942', 'https://openalex.org/W2063704000', 'https://openalex.org/W2096199944', 'https://openalex.org/W2097363967', 'https://openalex.org/W2097680721', 'https://openalex.org/W2104397822', 'https://openalex.org/W2105278533', 'https://openalex.org/W2107663516', 'https://openalex.org/W2138198678', 'https://openalex.org/W2141344538', 'https://openalex.org/W2156899051', 'https://openalex.org/W2411777732', 'https://openalex.org/W2420833379', 'https://openalex.org/W2465569946', 'https://openalex.org/W2549020455', 'https://openalex.org/W2582620890', 'https://openalex.org/W2611013368', 'https://openalex.org/W2737660126', 'https://openalex.org/W2757071221', 'https://openalex.org/W2788318617', 'https://openalex.org/W2890171249', 'https://openalex.org/W2892275685', 'https://openalex.org/W2896485495', 'https://openalex.org/W2905326836', 'https://openalex.org/W2911911953', 'https://openalex.org/W2997431499', 'https://openalex.org/W3004900093', 'https://openalex.org/W3006274289', 'https://openalex.org/W3093750512', 'https://openalex.org/W3188203792', 'https://openalex.org/W3210302014', 'https://openalex.org/W3214751911', 'https://openalex.org/W3215183015', 'https://openalex.org/W4302991323'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4321003900', 'https://openalex.org/W4291433459', 'https://openalex.org/W2604955951', 'https://openalex.org/W2568695891', 'https://openalex.org/W2470884848', 'https://openalex.org/W2058596298', 'https://openalex.org/W2043990443', 'https://openalex.org/W2039623414', 'https://openalex.org/W2021813652', 'https://openalex.org/W1971924196'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Influenza': [0], 'viruses': [1], 'cause': [2], 'acute': [3, 136], 'respiratory': [4], 'infections': [5], 'responsible': [6], 'for': [7, 46, 83, 103, 180], 'significant': [8], 'mortality': [9], 'and': [10, 43, 49, 86, 93, 120, 123, 139, 187, 197], 'morbidity': [11], 'around': [12], 'the': [13, 36, 84, 142, 153, 175, 188], 'world.': [14], 'Various': [15], 'factors,': [16], 'such': [17], 'as': [18, 41, 64, 66], 'antigenic': [19], 'drift,': [20], 'allow': [21], 'influenza': [22, 54, 89, 114, 138, 161, 181], 'strains': [23, 90], 'to': [24, 35, 109, 157, 195], 'avoid': [25, 141], 'being': [26], 'fully': [27], 'suppressed': [28], 'by': [29, 167], 'seasonal': [30, 47], 'vaccines.': [31], 'This': [32, 72, 172], 'has': [33], 'led': [34], 'increased': [37], 'scrutiny': [38], 'of': [39, 60, 69, 76, 88, 144, 185], 'antivirals': [40, 55, 162, 179], 'treatment': [42, 87], 'prophylaxis': [44], 'options': [45], 'outbreaks': [48], 'potential': [50, 102], 'pandemics.': [51], 'Unfortunately,': [52], 'many': [53], 'suffer': [56], 'from': [57], 'a': [58, 67, 79, 101, 129], 'lack': [59, 68], 'adequate': [61], 'clinical': [62], 'trials,': [63], 'well': [65], 'toxicity': [70], 'data.': [71], 'is': [73], 'especially': [74], 'true': [75], 'umifenovir': [77], '(arbidol),': [78], 'drug': [80], 'popularly': [81], 'used': [82], 'prevention': [85], 'in': [91, 112, 134], 'China': [92], 'Russia.': [94], 'Neuraminidase': [95], 'inhibitors,': [96], 'though': [97], 'widely': [98, 177], 'prescribed,': [99], 'display': [100], 'future': [104], 'resistance.': [105], 'Adamantanes,': [106], 'while': [107], 'proven': [108], 'be': [110, 165], 'effective': [111], 'treating': [113, 135], 'A,': [115], 'are': [116, 124], 'already': [117], 'encountering': [118], 'rapid': [119], 'widespread': [121], 'cross-resistance': [122], 'effectively': [125], 'obsolete.': [126], 'Baloxavir': [127], 'marboxil,': [128], 'newer': [130], 'antiviral,': [131], 'shows': [132], 'promise': [133], 'uncomplicated': [137], 'may': [140], 'development': [143], 'resistance': [145, 158, 196], 'when': [146], 'co-administered': [147], 'with': [148, 160, 169], 'other': [149, 170], 'antiviral': [150], 'drugs.': [151], 'Indeed,': [152], 'low': [154], 'genetic': [155], 'barrier': [156], 'associated': [159], 'could': [163], 'potentially': [164], 'overcome': [166], 'co-administration': [168], 'antivirals.': [171], 'review': [173], 'explores': [174], 'most': [176], 'prescribed': [178], 'treatment,': [182], 'their': [183, 193], 'mechanisms': [184], 'action,': [186], 'data': [189], 'currently': [190], 'available': [191], 'about': [192], 'susceptibility': [194], 'efficacy.': [198]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386532011', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T04:40:51.476970', 'created_date': '2023-09-09'}