Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4385150255', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2023.a902644', 'title': '“No Irish Need Apply” Revisited: Anti-Irish Language in Baltimore’s Local Newspapers between 1840 and 1880', 'display_name': '“No Irish Need Apply” Revisited: Anti-Irish Language in Baltimore’s Local Newspapers between 1840 and 1880', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4385150255', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2023.a902644'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2023.a902644', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S110082257', 'display_name': 'New hibernia review', 'issn_l': '1092-3977', 'issn': ['1092-3977', '1534-5815'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315703', 'host_organization_name': 'Philosophy Documentation Center', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315703'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Philosophy Documentation Center'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023533215', 'display_name': 'Conor J. Donnan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Conor J. Donnan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5023533215'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 67}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '73', 'last_page': '94'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11776', 'display_name': 'Irish and British Studies', 'score': 0.9797, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11776', 'display_name': 'Irish and British Studies', 'score': 0.9797, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12872', 'display_name': 'Philippine History and Culture', 'score': 0.9362, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3314', 'display_name': 'Anthropology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13330', 'display_name': 'Theater, Performance, and Music History', 'score': 0.9042, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1210', 'display_name': 'Music'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780623531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142', 'display_name': 'Irish', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.945567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201280247', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032', 'display_name': 'Newspaper', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6548176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29595303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650', 'display_name': 'Media studies', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5484286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5225686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44819458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27939', 'display_name': 'Singing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45167583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111021475', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540', 'display_name': 'Protestantism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41706443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32834518}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1967341}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13690212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10282597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2023.a902644', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S110082257', 'display_name': 'New hibernia review', 'issn_l': '1092-3977', 'issn': ['1092-3977', '1534-5815'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315703', 'host_organization_name': 'Philosophy Documentation Center', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315703'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Philosophy Documentation Center'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W612150824', 'https://openalex.org/W2552515645', 'https://openalex.org/W2386525189', 'https://openalex.org/W2383443050', 'https://openalex.org/W2376554757', 'https://openalex.org/W2367702734', 'https://openalex.org/W2361959990', 'https://openalex.org/W2318265610', 'https://openalex.org/W2100945520', 'https://openalex.org/W1596512750'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'“No': [0, 52, 117, 145, 199, 264, 457], 'Irish': [1, 33, 53, 71, 118, 134, 141, 146, 200, 265, 275, 336, 370, 379, 458, 516, 549, 581, 592, 602, 630], 'Need': [2, 54, 119, 147, 201, 266, 337, 371, 459], 'Apply”': [3, 120, 148, 202, 460], 'Revisited:': [4], 'Anti-Irish': [5, 571], 'Language': [6], 'in': [7, 19, 25, 68, 92, 113, 153, 177, 340, 365, 405, 422, 432, 576, 598, 636], 'Baltimore’s': [8], 'Local': [9], 'Newspapers': [10], 'between': [11], '1840': [12], 'and': [13, 125, 204, 229, 240, 246, 254, 386, 389, 439, 493, 520, 580], '1880': [14], 'Conor': [15], 'J.': [16], 'Donnan': [17], '(bio)': [18], 'december': [20], '1864': [21], 'the': [22, 31, 42, 76, 86, 101, 105, 114, 143, 196, 210, 216, 219, 233, 241, 286, 295, 300, 305, 319, 331, 341, 361, 366, 401, 406, 418, 423, 454, 470, 483, 499, 508, 526, 539, 545, 552, 556, 599, 633, 662], 'Evening': [23], 'Star': [24], 'Washington,': [26], 'DC,': [27], 'advertised': [28], 'appearances': [29], 'by': [30, 398, 505], '“great': [32], 'comedic': [34], 'vocalist”': [35], 'Kathleen': [36], 'O’Neill.1': [37], 'People': [38], 'crowded': [39], 'halls': [40], 'throughout': [41, 209, 469], 'United': [43, 115, 211, 407, 424, 471, 553], 'States': [44, 554], 'to': [45, 75, 82, 103, 107, 133, 180, 279, 299, 488, 551, 641], 'hear': [46], 'O’Neill’s': [47], 'critically': [48], 'acclaimed': [49], 'song': [50, 57, 102, 368], 'titled': [51], 'Apply.”': [55, 267], 'The': [56, 70, 158, 250, 255, 473], 'spoke': [58], 'of': [59, 88, 109, 161, 183, 218, 227, 235, 243, 249, 283, 288, 321, 334, 403, 417, 420, 456, 501, 510, 544, 569, 661], 'a': [60, 110, 154, 173, 281, 347, 440, 479, 577, 595, 637], 'young': [61], 'woman’s': [62], 'experience': [63], 'with': [64, 355], 'anti-Irish': [65, 151, 563], 'economic': [66], 'discrimination': [67, 152, 363, 572], 'England.': [69], 'American': [72], 'audience': [73], 'flocked': [74], 'recital': [77], 'because': [78, 482], 'they': [79, 90, 618], 'were': [80, 207, 559], 'attracted': [81], 'songs': [83], 'that': [84, 108, 166, 198, 259, 270, 274, 307, 326, 330, 428, 466, 507, 607], 'referenced': [85], 'language': [87], 'prejudice': [89, 600], 'faced': [91], 'their': [93, 615], 'daily': [94], 'lives.': [95], 'Later,': [96], 'John': [97], 'F.': [98], 'Poole': [99], 'rewrote': [100], 'change': [104], 'perspective': [106], 'male': [111, 517], 'worker': [112], 'States.': [116, 212], 'became': [121], 'an': [122, 193, 648], '“immense': [123], 'success,”': [124], '“Comic-Vocalist[s]”': [126], 'such': [127, 622], 'as': [128, 623], 'Tony': [129], 'Pastor': [130], 'performed': [131], 'it': [132, 429], 'audiences': [135], 'across': [136], 'North': [137], 'America.': [138], 'For': [139], 'many': [140], 'Americans': [142, 276], 'phrase': [144], '(NINA)': [149], 'embodied': [150], 'predominantly': [155], 'Anglo-Protestant': [156], 'society.2': [157], 'public': [159, 306], 'memory': [160], 'NINA': [162, 175, 278, 404, 421, 467, 502, 511, 531, 546], 'is': [163, 658], 'so': [164, 562, 617], 'strong': [165], 'former': [167], 'Maryland': [168], 'governor': [169], 'Martin': [170], 'O’Malley': [171], 'placed': [172], 'replica': [174], 'advertisement': [176], 'his': [178, 184, 271], 'office': [179], 'remind': [181], 'him': [182], 'ancestors’': [185], 'struggle.3': [186], 'In': [187], '2002': [188], 'historian': [189, 436], 'Richard': [190], 'Jensen': [191, 213, 268, 327, 496], 'published': [192], 'article': [194, 535], 'challenging': [195], 'notion': [197], 'signs': [203, 339], 'job': [205, 518], 'advertisements': [206, 262, 564, 610, 635], 'widespread': [208], 'examined': [214], '“all': [215], 'text': [217], 'several': [220], '[End': [221, 540], 'Page': [222, 541], '73]': [223], 'hundred': [224], 'thousand': [225], 'pages': [226], 'magazines': [228], 'books': [230], 'online”': [231], 'at': [232, 538], '“Library': [234], 'Congress,': [236], 'Cornell': [237], 'University': [238, 242], 'Library,': [239], 'Michigan': [244], 'Library”': [245], '“complete': [247], 'runs': [248], 'New': [251], 'York': [252], 'Times': [253], 'Nation.”4': [256], 'He': [257, 358], 'concluded': [258, 427], 'very': [260], 'few': [261], 'included': [263], 'argued': [269, 465], 'research': [272, 317, 522], 'proved': [273], 'weaponized': [277], 'craft': [280], 'myth': [282, 310, 509], 'victimization.': [284], 'Following': [285], 'publication': [287], 'Jensen’s': [289, 314, 353, 396, 414, 448], 'article,': [290], 'media': [291], 'outlets': [292], 'ranging': [293], 'from': [294], 'Wall': [296], 'Street': [297], 'Journal': [298], 'popular': [301], 'website': [302], 'Cracked': [303], 'informed': [304], 'another': [308], 'historical': [309, 475], 'had': [311, 594], 'been': [312], 'busted.5': [313], 'highly': [315], 'controversial': [316], 'divided': [318], 'opinions': [320], 'historians.': [322], 'Tyler': [323], 'Anbinder': [324], 'suggested': [325], '“argued': [328], 'persuasively': [329], 'purported': [332], 'ubiquity': [333], '‘No': [335, 369], 'Apply’': [338, 372], 'Civil': [342], 'War': [343], 'era': [344], 'was': [345, 373, 384, 639], 'largely': [346, 374], 'myth.”6': [348], 'Chris': [349], 'Myers': [350], 'Asch': [351], 'approached': [352], 'argument': [354], 'greater': [356], 'caution.': [357], 'stated,': [359], '“Though': [360], 'workplace': [362], 'immortalized': [364], '1862': [367], 'mythic—employers': [375], 'eagerly': [376], 'sought': [377], 'out': [378], 'workers': [380], 'for': [381], 'unskilled': [382], 'work—there': [383], 'serious': [385], 'sustained': [387], 'social': [388], 'cultural': [390], 'prejudice.”7': [391], 'Donald': [392], 'MacRaild': [393, 426], 'expanded': [394], 'on': [395, 400, 453, 514, 566], 'findings': [397], 'focusing': [399], 'origins': [402], 'Kingdom.': [408], 'While': [409], 'he': [410], 'did': [411, 573], 'not': [412, 574, 655], 'challenge': [413], 'core': [415], 'results': [416], 'absence': [419], 'States,': [425], 'certainly': [430], 'occurred': [431], 'Britain.8': [433], 'However,': [434], 'heavyweight': [435], 'Kerby': [437], 'Miller': [438], 'high': [441], 'school': [442], 'student': [443], 'named': [444], 'Rebecca': [445], 'Fried': [446], 'rejected': [447], 'claims.': [449], 'Fried,': [450], 'whose': [451], 'study': [452], 'prevalence': [455], 'also': [461], 'made': [462], 'headline': [463], 'news,': [464], 'appeared': [468], 'States.9': [472], 'current': [474], 'debate': [476], 'operates': [477], 'under': [478], 'narrow': [480], 'scope': [481], 'three': [484], 'main': [485], 'campaigns': [486], 'tend': [487], 'neglect': [489], 'women,': [490, 561], 'alternative': [491, 620], 'phrases,': [492, 621], 'local': [494], 'contexts.': [495], 'brushed': [497], 'off': [498], 'existence': [500], 'among': [503], 'women': [504, 537], 'suggesting': [506], 'focused': [512, 565], 'exclusively': [513], '“humiliated': [515], 'applicants,”': [519], 'Fried’s': [521], 'does': [523], '“not': [524], 'include': [525], 'even': [527], 'more': [528], 'numerous': [529], 'female-directed': [530], 'advertisements,”': [532], 'but': [533, 654], 'this': [534], 'places': [536], '74]': [542], 'heart': [543], 'narrative.10': [547], 'Most': [548], 'immigrants': [550], 'during': [555], 'nineteenth': [557], 'century': [558], 'single': [560], 'female-dominated': [567], 'fields': [568], 'employment.11': [570], 'exist': [575], 'gendered': [578], 'vacuum,': [579], 'men': [582, 593], 'would': [583], 'have': [584], 'heard': [585], 'tales': [586], 'about': [587], 'these': [588], 'unjust': [589], 'employment': [590, 643], 'practices.': [591], 'personal': [596], 'stake': [597], 'against': [601], 'women.': [603], 'Moreover,': [604], 'employers': [605], 'understood': [606], 'explicitly': [608], 'bigoted': [609], 'might': [611], 'cause': [612], 'uproar': [613], 'within': [614], 'communities,': [616], 'utilized': [619], '“Protestant': [624], 'Only”': [625], 'or': [626, 647, 652], '“American': [627], 'Preferred.”': [628], 'An': [629], 'person': [631], 'reading': [632], 'wanted': [634], 'newspaper': [638], 'likely': [640], 'see': [642], 'opportunities': [644], 'prioritizing': [645], 'Protestants': [646], 'ad': [649], 'stating,': [650], '“white': [651], 'colored,': [653], 'Irish.”': [656], 'It': [657], 'no': [659], 'stretch': [660], 'imagination...': [663]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385150255', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T10:14:41.109407', 'created_date': '2023-07-23'}