Title: Influence of Herbicides on Weeds and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Dynamics under Stale Seedbed
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan during the winter season of 2018-19 with the objective to evaluate weed dynamics, growth, and productivity of wheat crop under stale seedbed.This experiment was held under RCBD with three replications.The study consisted of eight treatments viz: T 1 : stale seedbed + no herbicide, T 2 : stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 711 a.i mL ha -1 , T 3 : stale seedbed + paraquat-dichloride @ 494 a.i mL ha -1 , T 4 : stale seedbed + atlantis (mesosulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium) @ 15 a.i g ha -1 , T 5 : stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 356 a.i mL ha -1 + paraquat @ 247 a.i mL ha -1 , T 6 : stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 356 a.i mL ha -1 + atlantis @ 7.5 a.i g ha -1 , T 7 : stale seedbed + paraquat @ 247 a.i mL ha -1 + atlantis @ 7.5 a.i g ha -1 , T 8 : stale seedbed + glyphosate @ 237 a.i mL ha -1 + paraquat @ 165 a.i mL ha -1 + atlantis @ 5 a.i g ha -1 .The highest WCE (84%), HEI (13.01),P n (13.83 µmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ) and g s (234.33 mmol m -2 s -1 ) was recorded in plots treated with glyphosate + paraquat + atlantis.The highest NAR (3.60 gm -2 day -1 ), LAI (4.82), GCR (7.87 gm - 2 day -1 ), LAD (186.43 days) was recorded in the treatment Stale seedbed + glyphosate + paraquat + atlantis.This treatment depicted the highest productive tillers m -2 (246.33),grains spike -1 (53.67), 100-grains weight (31.88 g), and grain yield 40% (4.65 Tons ha -1 ) in comparison with the no herbicide treated plots.From this study, it is concluded that using the stale seedbed, pre-and post-emergence herbicides in reduced doses can restrict weeds growth till 40 DAS to maximize wheat productivity.