Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4360620752', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.33137/utmj.v100i1.38937', 'title': 'Debiasing and Educational Interventions in Medical Diagnosis: A Systematic Review', 'display_name': 'Debiasing and Educational Interventions in Medical Diagnosis: A Systematic Review', 'publication_year': 2023, 'publication_date': '2023-02-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4360620752', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.33137/utmj.v100i1.38937'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.33137/utmj.v100i1.38937', 'pdf_url': 'https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/utmj/article/download/38937/30902', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152089323', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto Medical Journal', 'issn_l': '0833-2207', 'issn': ['0833-2207', '1913-5440'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320517', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Toronto Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320517', 'https://openalex.org/P4310313000'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Toronto Press', 'University of Toronto'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/utmj/article/download/38937/30902', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089546989', 'display_name': 'Arthur Tung', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Arthur Tung', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Toronto'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Toronto', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083595601', 'display_name': 'Michael Melchiorre', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-0511'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I79817857', 'display_name': 'University of Guelph', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01r7awg59', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79817857']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Melchiorre', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Guelph'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Guelph', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I79817857']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.619, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.495935, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '100', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12574', 'display_name': 'Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2714', 'display_name': 'Family Practice'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12574', 'display_name': 'Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2714', 'display_name': 'Family Practice'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10254', 'display_name': 'Innovations in Medical Education', 'score': 0.9896, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2739', 'display_name': 'Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11894', 'display_name': 'Radiology practices and education', 'score': 0.9828, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/debiasing', 'display_name': 'Debiasing', 'score': 0.9977931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/psycinfo', 'display_name': 'PsycINFO', 'score': 0.8708065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-appraisal', 'display_name': 'Critical appraisal', 'score': 0.67442185}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779458634', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715', 'display_name': 'Debiasing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9977931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779549880', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226', 'display_name': 'PsycINFO', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8708065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27415008', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382', 'display_name': 'Psychological intervention', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7979486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152541439', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693', 'display_name': 'Critical appraisal', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.67442185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779473830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899', 'display_name': 'MEDLINE', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63613284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95190672', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382', 'display_name': 'Meta-analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.569155}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780665704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298', 'display_name': 'Intervention (counseling)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51613414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5154632}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189216375', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127759', 'display_name': 'Cognitive bias', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4137665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.33593354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32186913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16900638}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12128276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1094704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.33137/utmj.v100i1.38937', 'pdf_url': 'https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/utmj/article/download/38937/30902', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152089323', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto Medical Journal', 'issn_l': '0833-2207', 'issn': ['0833-2207', '1913-5440'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320517', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Toronto Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320517', 'https://openalex.org/P4310313000'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Toronto Press', 'University of Toronto'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.12.22279750', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400573', 'display_name': 'medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.33137/utmj.v100i1.38937', 'pdf_url': 'https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/utmj/article/download/38937/30902', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S152089323', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto Medical Journal', 'issn_l': '0833-2207', 'issn': ['0833-2207', '1913-5440'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320517', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Toronto Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320517', 'https://openalex.org/P4310313000'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Toronto Press', 'University of Toronto'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.59}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1836271141', 'https://openalex.org/W1967291734', 'https://openalex.org/W1968060331', 'https://openalex.org/W1973567493', 'https://openalex.org/W1999541100', 'https://openalex.org/W2007560473', 'https://openalex.org/W2015769833', 'https://openalex.org/W2046411892', 'https://openalex.org/W2061320251', 'https://openalex.org/W2069741947', 'https://openalex.org/W2070234321', 'https://openalex.org/W2081414814', 'https://openalex.org/W2084335597', 'https://openalex.org/W2096150188', 'https://openalex.org/W2128073824', 'https://openalex.org/W2130011931', 'https://openalex.org/W2132131059', 'https://openalex.org/W2133604283', 'https://openalex.org/W2141222241', 'https://openalex.org/W2142945824', 'https://openalex.org/W2143936989', 'https://openalex.org/W2147558794', 'https://openalex.org/W2154508339', 'https://openalex.org/W2166750785', 'https://openalex.org/W2168490582', 'https://openalex.org/W2169613734', 'https://openalex.org/W2236828102', 'https://openalex.org/W2307222347', 'https://openalex.org/W2321464116', 'https://openalex.org/W2463429832', 'https://openalex.org/W2545846385', 'https://openalex.org/W2548421507', 'https://openalex.org/W2560438049', 'https://openalex.org/W2891279333', 'https://openalex.org/W2914287857', 'https://openalex.org/W2923935944', 'https://openalex.org/W3003042643', 'https://openalex.org/W3019350884', 'https://openalex.org/W3025573732', 'https://openalex.org/W3046363685', 'https://openalex.org/W3118615836', 'https://openalex.org/W4213018309', 'https://openalex.org/W4223970773', 'https://openalex.org/W4226339494'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4360620752', 'https://openalex.org/W4295778983', 'https://openalex.org/W3029543823', 'https://openalex.org/W2998415382', 'https://openalex.org/W2981135969', 'https://openalex.org/W2902285542', 'https://openalex.org/W2812483743', 'https://openalex.org/W2803471393', 'https://openalex.org/W2062926492', 'https://openalex.org/W2038834886'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Background:': [0], 'The': [1, 41, 105], 'prevalence': [2, 30], 'of': [3, 31, 38, 43, 70, 155, 159], 'cognitive': [4, 32, 57, 62], 'bias': [5], 'and': [6, 29, 65, 88, 126, 157, 174, 209, 233, 239], 'its': [7], 'contribution': [8], 'to': [9, 35, 47, 54, 101, 219], 'diagnostic': [10, 39, 74, 103, 191], 'errors': [11], 'has': [12], 'been': [13], 'documented': [14], 'in': [15, 25, 84, 130, 135, 142, 189, 205, 235], 'recent': [16], 'research.': [17], 'Debiasing': [18], 'interventions': [19, 72, 149, 184, 223], 'or': [20], 'educational': [21], 'initiatives': [22], 'are': [23], 'key': [24], 'reducing': [26], 'the': [27, 36, 61, 68, 118, 143, 227], 'effects': [28], 'biases,': [33, 58, 156], 'contributing': [34], 'prevention': [37], 'errors.': [40], 'objectives': [42], 'this': [44], 'review': [45, 107], 'were': [46, 78, 91, 115, 128, 140, 150], '1)': [48], 'characterize': [49], 'common': [50], 'debiasing': [51, 97, 148, 160, 183], 'strategies': [52], 'implemented': [53], 'reduce': [55], 'diagnosis-related': [56], '2)': [59], 'report': [60], 'biases': [63, 169], 'targeted,': [64], '3)': [66], 'determine': [67], 'effectiveness': [69, 188, 234], 'these': [71], 'on': [73, 80], 'accuracy.': [75, 104], 'Methods:': [76], 'Searches': [77, 133], 'conducted': [79, 116], 'April': [81], '25,': [82], '2022,': [83], 'MEDLINE,': [85], 'EMBASE,': [86], 'Healthstar,': [87], 'PsycInfo.': [89], 'Studies': [90], 'included': [92, 141, 193], 'if': [93], 'they': [94], 'presented': [95], 'a': [96, 206], 'intervention': [98, 163], 'which': [99, 229], 'aimed': [100], 'improve': [102], 'Rayyan': [106], 'software': [108], 'was': [109], 'used': [110], 'for': [111], 'screening.': [112], 'Quality': [113], 'assessments': [114], 'using': [117], 'JBI': [119], 'Critical': [120], 'Appraisal': [121], 'Tools.': [122], 'Extraction,': [123], 'quality': [124], 'assessment': [125], 'analysis': [127], 'recorded': [129], 'Excel.': [131], 'Results:': [132], 'resulted': [134], '2232': [136], 'studies.': [137], '17': [138], 'studies': [139, 194, 202, 211], 'final': [144], 'analysis.': [145], 'Three': [146], 'major': [147, 182], 'identified:': [151], 'tool': [152], 'use,': [153], 'education': [154, 158], 'strategies.': [161], 'All': [162], 'types': [164], 'reported': [165, 195, 212], 'mixed': [166, 196], 'results.': [167], 'Common': [168], 'targeted': [170], 'include': [171], 'confirmation,': [172], 'availability,': [173], 'search': [175], 'satisfying': [176], 'bias.': [177], 'Conclusion:': [178], 'While': [179], 'all': [180], 'three': [181], 'identified': [185], 'demonstrate': [186, 224], 'some': [187, 222], 'improving': [190], 'accuracy,': [192], 'results': [197], 'when': [198], 'implemented.': [199], 'Furthermore,': [200], 'no': [201, 210], 'examined': [203], 'decision-making': [204], 'clinical': [207], 'setting,': [208], 'long-term': [213], 'follow-up.': [214], 'Future': [215], 'research': [216], 'should': [217], 'look': [218], 'identify': [220], 'why': [221], 'low': [225], 'effectiveness,': [226, 232], 'conditions': [228], 'enable': [230], 'high': [231], 'environments': [236], 'beyond': [237], 'vignettes': [238], 'among': [240], 'attending': [241], 'physicians.': [242], 'PROSPERO': [243], 'registration': [244], 'number:': [245], 'CRD42022331128': [246]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4360620752', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-18T14:25:56.335360', 'created_date': '2023-03-24'}