Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4318444161', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/irjems-v2i1p105', 'title': 'The Theory, Practice and Improvement in Providing “Rights – Ethical Public Goods” with PPP', 'display_name': 'The Theory, Practice and Improvement in Providing “Rights – Ethical Public Goods” with PPP', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-01-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4318444161', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/irjems-v2i1p105'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/irjems-v2i1p105', 'pdf_url': 'https://irjems.org/Volume-2-Issue-1/IRJEMS-V2I1P105.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4387285326', 'display_name': 'International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies', 'issn_l': '2583-5238', 'issn': ['2583-5238'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://irjems.org/Volume-2-Issue-1/IRJEMS-V2I1P105.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101068304', 'display_name': 'Jia Kang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7600-4540'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jia Kang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, Beijing, China.', 'Huairou Science City Industrial Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Huairou Science City Industrial Research Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100461282', 'display_name': 'Tong Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-1142'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chen Tong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002571382', 'display_name': 'Tang Dantong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tang Dantong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 60}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '32', 'last_page': '39'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12705', 'display_name': 'Educational Reforms and Innovations', 'score': 0.9509, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12705', 'display_name': 'Educational Reforms and Innovations', 'score': 0.9509, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13003', 'display_name': 'Regional Development and Environment', 'score': 0.9036, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162222271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871', 'display_name': 'Public good', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49899268}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49286318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190253527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354', 'display_name': 'Law and economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44709063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2579856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17183715}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/irjems-v2i1p105', 'pdf_url': 'https://irjems.org/Volume-2-Issue-1/IRJEMS-V2I1P105.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4387285326', 'display_name': 'International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies', 'issn_l': '2583-5238', 'issn': ['2583-5238'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.56472/25835238/irjems-v2i1p105', 'pdf_url': 'https://irjems.org/Volume-2-Issue-1/IRJEMS-V2I1P105.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4387285326', 'display_name': 'International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies', 'issn_l': '2583-5238', 'issn': ['2583-5238'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386372757', 'https://openalex.org/W4247414601', 'https://openalex.org/W3206835800', 'https://openalex.org/W2736704126', 'https://openalex.org/W2601936826', 'https://openalex.org/W2482158526', 'https://openalex.org/W2382313426', 'https://openalex.org/W2064553409', 'https://openalex.org/W2042251026', 'https://openalex.org/W1573192219'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'With': [0], 'the': [1, 4, 8, 16, 25, 52, 55, 62, 67, 125, 136, 141, 166, 177, 212, 234, 240, 303, 320, 328, 343, 352, 363, 368, 377, 387, 392, 403, 408, 416, 419, 427, 432, 462, 474, 477, 482, 488, 501, 514, 534, 549, 554, 557, 569, 574, 584, 592], 'development': [2, 496, 596], 'of': [3, 12, 18, 27, 35, 39, 59, 83, 127, 215, 239, 298, 308, 313, 322, 365, 370, 380, 391, 407, 418, 476, 479, 484, 491, 497, 505, 529, 553, 586, 597], 'economy': [5], 'and': [6, 10, 15, 24, 45, 57, 69, 90, 93, 105, 131, 146, 160, 174, 201, 207, 224, 230, 236, 242, 273, 281, 287, 295, 310, 332, 334, 350, 386, 402, 459, 464, 494, 512, 526, 531, 537, 540, 556, 589, 594], 'society,': [7], 'rights': [9, 430, 530], 'interests': [11], 'social': [13, 19, 70, 143, 194, 255, 277, 339, 465], 'members': [14], 'content': [17], 'ethics': [20], 'continue': [21], 'to': [22, 50, 73, 99, 114, 124, 151, 156, 180, 209, 228, 233, 252, 262, 269, 292, 302, 355, 444, 455, 471, 520, 538, 567, 571, 580, 582, 590], 'evolve,': [23], 'scope': [26], 'public': [28, 36, 41, 47, 60, 75, 101, 107, 111, 115, 190, 216, 299, 356, 381, 576], 'services': [29], 'also': [30, 268], 'expands,': [31], 'forming': [32], 'a': [33, 81, 271, 522, 542], 'spectrum': [34], 'goods': [37, 76, 116, 217, 382], 'consisting': [38], '"pure': [40, 100], 'goods",': [42, 102, 577], '"quasi-public': [43, 103], 'goods"': [44, 104, 112, 191], '"rights-ethical': [46, 110, 189, 323, 506, 575, 598], 'goods".In': [48], 'order': [49], 'solve': [51], 'contradiction': [53], 'between': [54, 330, 461], 'supply': [56, 169, 188, 297, 379], 'demand': [58], 'goods,': [61], 'PPP': [63, 324, 393, 485, 499, 507, 535, 599], 'model': [64, 394], 'in': [65, 162, 185, 211, 319, 481], 'which': [66, 451], 'government': [68, 87, 137, 168, 463], 'capital': [71, 195, 256, 278, 340, 422, 466], 'cooperate': [72], 'provide': [74], 'came': [77], 'into': [78, 399], 'being.PPP': [79], 'has': [80, 342, 374, 383, 395, 410], 'variety': [82], 'specific': [84], 'models.In': [85], 'theory,': [86], 'procured': [88], 'projects': [89], 'services,': [91], 'franchising,': [92], 'equity': [94], 'cooperation': [95, 460], 'are': [96, 317], 'respectively': [97], 'applicable': [98], '"rightsethical': [106], 'goods".Among': [108], 'them,': [109], 'refer': [113], 'that': [117, 254, 425], 'have': [118], 'intuitive': [119], 'private': [120], 'product': [121], 'attributes': [122], 'according': [123], 'definition': [126], 'traditional': [128, 167], 'economic': [129], 'concepts,': [130], 'should': [132, 204, 509], 'be': [133, 205, 437, 510, 578], 'provided': [134], 'by': [135, 140], 'as': [138, 220, 227, 291, 327, 448], 'determined': [139, 579], 'common': [142], 'value': [144], 'orientation': [145], 'collective': [147], 'political': [148], 'choice.However,': [149], 'due': [150, 301], 'its': [152, 163, 186], 'existence': [153], 'or': [154, 358], 'inability': [155], 'completely': [157], 'exclude': [158], 'competition': [159], 'exclusivity': [161], 'actual': [164], 'form,': [165], 'method': [170], 'is': [171, 176, 248, 452, 469, 518, 565], 'not': [172, 250, 396, 411, 453], 'efficient,': [173], 'it': [175, 247, 468, 517, 564], 'best': [178], 'choice': [179], 'let': [181], 'market': [182], 'entities': [183, 361], 'participate': [184, 210], 'supply.To': [187], 'through': [192, 284], 'PPP,': [193], 'parties': [196, 257, 423], 'with': [197, 560], 'both': [198], 'construction': [199, 241, 280, 331, 344, 372, 449, 475], 'ability': [200], 'operation': [202, 243, 282, 348, 354, 483], 'resources': [203], 'selected': [206], 'allowed': [208], 'whole': [213, 550], 'process': [214], 'supply,': [218], 'such': [219, 326, 447], 'investment,': [221], 'construction,': [222], 'management': [223], 'operation,': [225, 333], 'so': [226, 290, 439], 'form': [229, 270, 521], 'give': [231], 'play': [232], 'quality': [235, 312, 585], 'efficiency': [237], 'advantages': [238], 'aggregates.In': [244], 'this': [245], 'process,': [246], 'necessary': [249, 470, 519, 566], 'only': [251], 'ensure': [253], 'obtain': [258], 'reasonable': [259], 'investment': [260], 'returns': [261, 446], 'encourage': [263], 'their': [264], 'active': [265], 'participation,': [266], 'but': [267, 346], 'constraint': [272], 'incentive': [274], 'mechanism': [275, 504, 546, 559], 'for': [276, 533], "parties'": [279], 'behaviors': [283], 'effective': [285], 'supervision': [286, 558], 'performance': [288, 544], 'evaluation,': [289], 'achieve': [293], 'efficient': [294], 'high-quality': [296, 378, 595], 'goods.However,': [300], 'imperfect': [304], 'system,': [305], 'unclear': [306, 335], 'understanding': [307], 'participants': [309], 'low': [311], 'relevant': [314, 587], 'personnel,': [315, 588], 'there': [316], 'problems': [318], 'practice': [321], 'projects",': [325], 'separation': [329], 'asset': [336, 404], 'ownership.More': [337], 'concretely,': [338], 'usually': [341], 'qualification,': [345], 'lacks': [347], 'experience,': [349], 'transfers': [351], 'project': [353, 366, 371, 409, 555], 'institutions': [357], 'other': [359], 'operating': [360, 434], 'after': [362], 'completion': [364], 'construction.Although': [367], 'problem': [369, 406], 'financing': [373], 'been': [375, 384, 397, 412], 'solved,': [376], 'neglected,': [385], 'resource': [388], 'integration': [389], 'effect': [390], 'brought': [398], 'full': [400], 'play,': [401], 'ownership': [405, 524], 'effectively': [413], 'solved': [414], 'at': [415], 'rule': [417, 478], 'law': [420, 480], 'level.Social': [421], 'worry': [424], 'neither': [426], 'inherent': [428], 'property': [429], 'nor': [431], 'long-term': [433, 456], 'income': [435], 'will': [436], 'obtained,': [438], 'they': [440], 'pay': [441], 'more': [442], 'attention': [443], 'short-term': [445], 'profits,': [450], 'conducive': [454], 'mutual': [457], 'trust': [458], 'parties.Therefore,': [467], 'speed': [472], 'up': [473], 'projects.While': [486], 'promoting': [487], 'standardized': [489], '(rule': [490], 'law,': [492], 'specialization': [493], 'sunshine)': [495], 'all': [498], 'projects,': [500], '"construction-operation': [502], 'integration"': [503], 'projects"': [508], 'strengthened': [511], 'optimized.At': [513], 'legislative': [515], 'level,': [516], 'clear': [523], 'structure': [525, 528], 'distribution': [527], 'responsibilities': [532], 'model,': [536], 'establish': [539], 'improve': [541, 583], 'comprehensive': [543], 'evaluation': [545], 'based': [547], 'on': [548], 'life': [551], 'cycle': [552], 'multi-subject': [561], 'participation.In': [562], 'addition,': [563], 'change': [568], 'concept,': [570], 'correctly': [572], 'understand': [573], 'innovate,': [581], 'promote': [591], 'improvement': [593], 'projects".': [600]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318444161', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T09:56:23.315707', 'created_date': '2023-01-30'}