G protein gamma subunit, a hidden master regulator of GPCR signaling

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Dinesh Kankanamge; Mithila Tennakoon; Ajith Karunarathne; N. Gautam
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2459, 2534, 2588, 2609, 2828, 3152, 3176, 3358, 3364, 3382, 3434, 3680, 3960, 4044, 4112, 4131, 4220, 4363], 'are': [6, 152, 250, 396, 535, 550, 554, 587, 1884, 2146, 2514, 2601, 3161, 3166, 3235, 3685, 3878, 4115, 4134], 'activated': [7, 251], 'by': [8, 185, 252, 429, 704, 873, 1138, 1184, 1333, 1793, 1871, 2150, 2165, 2304, 2849, 2883, 3045, 3066, 3164, 3472, 3518, 3678, 3693, 4178, 4265], 'protein-coupled': [10, 254, 489, 769, 870], 'receptors': [11, 255, 490], '(GPCRs)': [12, 256, 491], 'mediate': [13, 257], 'the': [14, 27, 44, 51, 55, 122, 133, 147, 156, 186, 190, 258, 271, 288, 295, 299, 366, 377, 391, 400, 430, 434, 493, 507, 512, 520, 529, 532, 540, 557, 563, 679, 838, 919, 942, 975, 984, 987, 994, 1017, 1041, 1049, 1059, 1063, 1075, 1113, 1159, 1211, 1282, 1369, 1448, 1459, 1528, 1555, 1613, 1633, 1642, 1709, 1723, 1746, 1782, 1787, 1798, 2031, 2045, 2049, 2053, 2107, 2159, 2236, 2239, 2256, 2261, 2267, 2333, 2398, 2429, 2434, 2452, 2462, 2469, 2505, 2524, 2557, 2560, 2685, 2693, 2829, 2888, 2895, 2904, 2913, 3080, 3084, 3088, 3091, 3110, 3131, 3188, 3259, 3287, 3304, 3326, 3343, 3359, 3383, 3394, 3435, 3451, 3455, 3459, 3484, 3524, 3549, 3564, 3570, 3586, 3608, 3672, 3781, 3785, 3883, 3895, 3902, 3912, 3917, 3931, 3935, 3941, 3965, 3971, 3974, 3986, 3998, 4011, 4017, 4042, 4049, 4061, 4064, 4068, 4261, 4296, 4327, 4344], 'biological': [15, 259], 'responses': [16, 260, 1431], 'of': [17, 33, 46, 54, 58, 78, 109, 118, 125, 136, 177, 189, 215, 222, 261, 277, 290, 298, 302, 322, 353, 362, 369, 380, 421, 433, 459, 466, 506, 522, 538, 542, 547, 572, 590, 598, 614, 675, 701, 728, 736, 805, 814, 837, 851, 903, 918, 973, 983, 1012, 1020, 1040, 1062, 1081, 1108, 1121, 1143, 1189, 1210, 1216, 1266, 1321, 1325, 1447, 1469, 1495, 1519, 1527, 1560, 1587, 1625, 1725, 1757, 1784, 1801, 1820, 1848, 1868, 1908, 1934, 2048, 2055, 2065, 2106, 2121, 2143, 2180, 2230, 2238, 2248, 2258, 2292, 2296, 2332, 2370, 2397, 2433, 2451, 2454, 2461, 2526, 2539, 2542, 2562, 2605, 2656, 2692, 2737, 2776, 2854, 2887, 2891, 2898, 2902, 2908, 2912, 2941, 2945, 3002, 3069, 3083, 3090, 3093, 3109, 3133, 3184, 3258, 3286, 3296, 3303, 3325, 3335, 3342, 3393, 3402, 3431, 3454, 3462, 3491, 3553, 3572, 3611, 3707, 3780, 3824, 3882, 3888, 3911, 3916, 3925, 3934, 3940, 3948, 3993, 4048, 4063, 4076, 4082, 4093, 4183, 4200, 4251, 4260, 4292, 4295, 4299, 4323, 4326, 4330, 4373], 'eukaryotic': [18, 262], 'cells': [19, 216, 263, 460, 1427], 'to': [20, 42, 155, 171, 217, 236, 264, 286, 399, 415, 461, 480, 990, 1074, 1432, 1718, 1786, 2030, 2221, 2226, 2253, 2405, 2555, 2683, 2821, 3172, 3196, 3558, 3607, 3622, 3795, 3930, 4029, 4143], 'extracellular': [21, 265], 'signals.': [22, 219, 266, 463], 'The': [23, 174, 205, 267, 418, 449, 544, 634, 647, 671, 970, 1038, 1393, 1444, 1480, 1493, 1931, 2079, 2138, 2995, 3148, 3207, 3700, 3909, 4198], 'α': [24, 268, 513, 545, 583, 839, 1726, 2810, 3395, 4018], 'subunits': [25, 60, 139, 224, 269, 304, 383, 468, 546, 586, 674, 842, 921, 1066, 1110, 1115, 1450, 1467, 1526, 1547, 1665, 1711, 1727, 1883, 1967, 2003, 2250, 2456, 2463, 2572, 2577, 2784, 2825, 2890, 3068, 3135, 3156, 3619, 3828, 4114, 4147, 4263], 'and': [26, 40, 85, 99, 163, 182, 213, 229, 270, 284, 329, 343, 407, 426, 457, 473, 499, 519, 531, 560, 584, 604, 762, 786, 812, 840, 849, 925, 928, 960, 996, 1010, 1055, 1069, 1213, 1287, 1330, 1371, 1428, 1516, 1524, 1545, 1558, 1595, 1630, 1691, 2072, 2095, 2097, 2124, 2157, 2209, 2232, 2245, 2260, 2301, 2431, 2493, 2516, 2544, 2565, 2613, 2627, 2660, 2695, 2732, 2763, 2782, 2893, 2901, 2943, 3087, 3107, 3116, 3142, 3146, 3158, 3187, 3230, 3372, 3464, 3866, 3901, 3973, 4071, 4145, 4202, 4223, 4233, 4304, 4334, 4339, 4370], 'tightly': [28, 272, 524], 'bound': [29, 273, 565, 3557], 'βγ': [30, 167, 178, 197, 274, 411, 422, 441, 526, 533, 585, 648, 841, 1785, 2535, 2599, 2753, 3384], 'subunit': [31, 81, 112, 127, 275, 325, 356, 371, 514, 972, 1019, 1046, 1095, 1163, 1221, 1324, 1396, 1498, 1617, 1649, 1803, 1933, 2051, 2295, 2337, 2375, 2401, 2438, 2479, 2546, 2567, 2595, 2615, 2629, 2662, 2697, 2811, 2831, 2974, 3005, 3096, 3114, 3210, 3280, 3319, 3366, 3396, 3437, 3457, 3555, 3674, 3683, 3710, 3789, 3919, 3976, 4000, 4019, 4066, 4298, 4329], 'complex': [32, 276, 534, 649, 2689, 3385, 3906, 3944, 4052], 'have': [36, 61, 129, 280, 305, 373, 832, 922, 931, 1712, 2549, 2971, 3179, 3962, 4365], 'been': [37, 62, 281, 306, 923, 933, 1619, 1651, 2403], 'extensively': [38, 282], 'studied': [39, 283], 'shown': [41, 285, 2252, 2404, 2458, 3621], 'control': [43, 287], 'activity': [45, 289, 541, 2411, 2525], 'effector': [47, 291, 2270, 2339], 'molecules.': [48, 292], 'In': [49, 65, 293, 309, 915, 1641, 2219, 2504], 'contrast,': [50, 294, 916], 'potential': [52, 296, 929, 946, 961, 1522, 1634, 3520], 'roles': [53, 297, 947, 2835, 3044], 'large': [56, 300, 588, 1119], 'family': [57, 301, 1080, 1120], 'γ': [59, 80, 95, 111, 126, 192, 223, 303, 324, 339, 355, 370, 436, 467, 789, 920, 943, 971, 989, 1045, 1065, 1114, 1162, 1449, 1497, 1546, 1616, 1648, 1664, 1710, 1802, 1882, 2050, 2060, 2109, 2145, 2249, 2400, 2455, 2545, 2566, 2576, 2614, 2764, 2824, 2830, 3030, 3095, 3134, 3279, 3365, 3436, 3554, 3673, 3682, 3918, 3975, 3999, 4065, 4113, 4132, 4215], 'less': [63, 307], 'studied.': [64, 308], 'this': [66, 310, 952, 3233, 3467, 3949, 3980], 'review,': [67, 311], 'we': [68, 312], 'focus': [69, 313], 'on': [70, 164, 200, 314, 408, 444, 492, 595, 651, 834, 938, 951, 1168, 2044, 2057, 2809, 3266, 3585, 3784], 'present': [71, 315, 939, 4226], 'knowledge': [72, 316, 940], 'about': [73, 121, 317, 365, 941, 4060], 'these': [74, 104, 318, 348, 968, 1466, 2512, 2527, 3543, 3926], 'proteins.': [75, 319, 504], 'Induced': [76, 320], 'loss': [77, 321], 'individual': [79, 323, 2804, 3029], 'types': [82, 113, 117, 326, 357, 361, 1164, 2547, 2616, 2630, 2832, 3367, 3684], 'in': [83, 89, 115, 140, 146, 202, 207, 327, 333, 359, 384, 390, 446, 451, 511, 556, 562, 617, 683, 809, 948, 957, 979, 1368, 1424, 1453, 1461, 1499, 1548, 1627, 1639, 1686, 1694, 1716, 1745, 1779, 1854, 2092, 2255, 2269, 2272, 2439, 2468, 2485, 2490, 2522, 2738, 2785, 3007, 3032, 3062, 3139, 3169, 3193, 3226, 3232, 3262, 3312, 3351, 3362, 3417, 3466, 3483, 3523, 3548, 3569, 3688, 3712, 3790, 3829, 3923, 3952, 4010, 4041, 4104, 4120, 4137, 4153, 4227, 4238, 4302, 4336, 4343, 4357], 'animal': [84, 328], 'plant': [86, 330, 1643], 'models': [87, 331], 'result': [88, 114, 332, 358, 3183], 'strikingly': [90, 334], 'distinct': [91, 335, 2550, 2972, 3048, 4366], 'phenotypes': [92, 336], 'indicating': [93, 337, 1457, 3629], 'subtypes': [96, 340, 2765, 3031, 4133], 'play': [97, 341, 1719, 2833, 3368], 'important': [98, 342, 2554], 'specific': [100, 344, 2059, 2273, 3043, 3360, 3489, 4142], 'roles.': [101, 345, 1721], 'Consistent': [102, 346, 3541, 3978], 'with': [103, 347, 767, 1048, 1098, 1140, 1186, 1422, 1598, 1653, 1728, 1886, 2574, 2780, 2851, 3036, 3199, 3237, 3375, 3378, 3439, 3542, 3892, 3979, 4005, 4016, 4067, 4180], 'findings,': [105, 349], 'downregulation': [106, 350], 'or': [107, 351, 1950, 2089, 2578, 3617, 3893], 'upregulation': [108, 352], 'particular': [110, 354, 3681, 3903], 'various': [116, 360, 652, 835, 2563, 4293], 'cancers.': [119, 363], 'Clues': [120, 364], 'mechanistic': [123, 367], 'basis': [124, 368], 'function': [128, 372, 2432], 'emerged': [130, 374], 'from': [131, 375, 1592, 1661, 2755, 2813, 3283, 3300, 3322, 3339, 3450, 4087, 4098, 4158], 'imaging': [132, 376], 'dynamic': [134, 378, 3950], 'behavior': [135, 379], 'protein': [138, 382, 706, 731, 977, 995, 1093, 1134, 1180, 1219, 1243, 1274, 1334, 1359, 1395, 1565, 1615, 1823, 1911, 1965, 2001, 2275, 2305, 2335, 2373, 2436, 2478, 2488, 2658, 2687, 2778, 2806, 2845, 2907, 3112, 3209, 3447, 3514, 3646, 3691, 3746, 3787, 3826, 3856, 3885, 3905, 3943, 3995, 4051, 4079, 4155, 4174, 4214, 4253, 4301], 'living': [141, 385], 'cells.': [142, 386], 'This': [143, 387, 935, 1706, 3221, 3669, 4355], 'shows': [144, 388, 3860, 3984], 'basal': [148, 392], 'state,': [149, 393], 'not': [153, 397, 932, 3615, 3921, 3963, 4161], 'constrained': [154, 398], 'plasma': [157, 401, 494], 'membrane': [158, 187, 402, 431, 495, 810, 1788], 'but': [159, 403, 3614, 4160], 'shuttle': [160, 404], 'between': [161, 405, 2611, 2624, 2761, 2999, 3704, 3970], 'membranes': [162, 239, 406, 483], 'receptor': [165, 409, 770, 871, 1426, 2997, 3391, 3441, 3492, 3626, 3652, 3695, 3702, 3752, 3830, 3972, 4012], 'activation': [166, 410, 813, 3392, 3471, 3692, 4054], 'complexes': [168, 179, 198, 412, 423, 442, 2536, 2600, 2754], 'translocate': [169, 413], 'reversibly': [170, 414], 'internal': [172, 203, 237, 416, 447, 481], 'membranes.': [173, 204, 417, 448], 'translocation': [175, 208, 419, 452], 'kinetics': [176, 209, 420, 453], 'varies': [180, 424], 'widely': [181, 425], 'is': [183, 225, 427, 469, 1136, 1182, 1364, 1658, 1684, 1936, 2063, 2081, 2085, 2101, 2162, 2224, 2233, 2243, 2518, 2531, 2579, 2631, 2847, 3136, 3191, 3369, 3442, 3487, 3516, 3675, 3920, 3958, 4176], 'determined': [184, 428, 3065, 4111], 'affinity': [188, 221, 432, 465], 'associated': [191, 435, 525, 1047, 3236], 'subtype.': [193, 437, 2061], 'On': [194, 438], 'translocating,': [195, 439], 'some': [196, 440, 4162], 'act': [199, 443, 594], 'effectors': [201, 445, 599, 653], 'variation': [206, 450], 'determines': [210, 454, 2052], 'differential': [211, 455], 'sensitivity': [212, 456], 'adaptation': [214, 458], 'external': [218, 462, 497], 'Membrane': [220, 464, 2119], 'thus': [226, 470], 'a': [227, 471, 523, 596, 1013, 1044, 1118, 1141, 1187, 1217, 1322, 1496, 1588, 1622, 1654, 1729, 1790, 1887, 1969, 2026, 2058, 2066, 2073, 2102, 2166, 2227, 2264, 2293, 2482, 2519, 2532, 2581, 2591, 2852, 3033, 3094, 3117, 3170, 3182, 3194, 3200, 3313, 3352, 3440, 3443, 3488, 3519, 3545, 3582, 3694, 3953, 3991, 4105, 4116, 4181, 4257], 'parsimonious': [228, 472], 'elegant': [230, 474], 'mechanism': [231, 475, 2484], 'controls': [233, 477, 3581], 'information': [234, 478, 4075], 'flow': [235, 479], 'cell': [238, 482, 1688, 2592, 3010, 3034, 3715], 'while': [240, 484, 3563], 'modulating': [241, 485, 539], 'signaling': [242, 486, 848, 949, 2410, 2489, 3049, 3363], 'responses.': [243, 487], 'sense': [496], 'signals': [498], 'activate': [500, 678, 732], 'heterotrimeric': [501, 729, 852, 1681, 2486, 3070], '(αβγ)': [502], 'Activation': [505], 'results': [510, 2262, 3432], 'exchanging': [515], 'GDP': [516, 564], 'for': [517, 1016, 1043, 1635, 1825, 1913, 2266, 2408, 2559, 3041, 3154, 3290, 3307, 3329, 3346, 3390, 3445, 3671, 3863, 4024, 4212], 'GTP': [518, 1077], 'dissociation': [521], 'complex.': [527], 'Both': [528], 'α-GTP': [530], 'independently': [536], 'capable': [537], 'effectors.': [543], 'GTPase': [551], 'switches': [552], 'active': [555], 'GTP-bound': [558], 'form': [559, 566, 2684, 3461, 4259], 'deactivated': [561], '(1Gilman': [567, 3397], 'A.G.': [568, 698, 1959, 3398], 'proteins:': [570, 3400], 'transducers': [571, 3401], 'receptor-generated': [573, 3403], 'signals.Annu.': [574, 3404], 'Rev.': [575, 877, 3405, 3420], 'Biochem.': [576, 3406], '1987;': [577, 685, 3407], '56:': [578, 1535, 3408], '615-649Crossref': [579, 3409], 'PubMed': [580, 623, 642, 688, 713, 742, 781, 825, 859, 883, 910, 1033, 1104, 1155, 1201, 1229, 1252, 1301, 1347, 1384, 1402, 1439, 1488, 1540, 1577, 1605, 1701, 1771, 1830, 1877, 1918, 1947, 1981, 2022, 2133, 2194, 2318, 2351, 2389, 2444, 2499, 2642, 2672, 2709, 2745, 2798, 2866, 2923, 2951, 2986, 3022, 3076, 3126, 3216, 3273, 3410, 3426, 3502, 3536, 3598, 3664, 3727, 3764, 3809, 3842, 3872, 4035, 4195, 4276, 4311, 4350], 'Google': [581, 624, 645, 691, 714, 745, 784, 828, 862, 886, 913, 1036, 1105, 1156, 1202, 1232, 1255, 1304, 1350, 1387, 1405, 1442, 1491, 1543, 1580, 1608, 1704, 1774, 1833, 1861, 1880, 1921, 1948, 1984, 2023, 2136, 2197, 2217, 2321, 2354, 2392, 2447, 2502, 2645, 2673, 2712, 2748, 2801, 2867, 2924, 2952, 2989, 3025, 3077, 3129, 3219, 3276, 3411, 3427, 3503, 3539, 3601, 3667, 3730, 3767, 3812, 3845, 3875, 4038, 4196, 4277, 4312, 4353], 'Scholar).': [582, 646, 829, 914, 1037, 1106, 1157, 1443, 1492, 1705, 1881, 2137, 2218, 2393, 2448, 2503, 2749, 2802, 3026, 3078, 3220, 3428, 3540, 3602, 3668, 3876, 4039, 4197, 4354], 'families': [589], 'diverse': [591, 1123], 'members': [592, 2691], 'number': [597], 'such': [600, 3042], 'as': [601, 2481, 3181, 3228], 'adenylyl': [602, 693, 702, 2899], 'cyclase': [603, 694, 703], 'phospholipase': [605, 716, 737], 'C': [606, 717, 1799, 2046, 3609], '(2Simon': [607], 'M.I.': [608, 724, 1008, 1090, 1132, 1178, 2843, 4172], 'Strathmann': [609], 'M.P.': [610], 'Gautam': [611, 1238, 1391, 2621, 2679, 3104, 3205, 3478, 3511, 3642, 3742, 3820], 'N.': [612, 627, 1084, 1126, 1172, 1239, 1392, 1473, 2622, 2680, 2837, 3105, 3206, 3479, 3512, 3643, 3743, 3821, 4166], 'Diversity': [613], 'signal': [618, 3063, 3418], 'transduction.Science.': [619], '1991;': [620, 710, 2948], '252:': [621], '802-808Crossref': [622], 'Scholar,': [625, 863, 887, 1203, 1233, 1256, 1305, 1351, 1388, 1406, 1581, 1834, 1862, 1922, 1985, 2198, 2322, 2355, 2646, 2674, 2713, 2868, 2925, 2953, 2990, 3412, 3504, 3731, 3768, 3813, 3846, 4278, 4313], '3Gautam': [626], 'Downes': [628, 1474], 'G.B.': [629, 1390, 1475, 3099, 3204], 'Yan': [630, 1415, 1476], 'K.': [631, 802, 891, 895, 899, 1258, 1477, 2367, 2676, 2723, 2773, 4284, 4290, 4319], 'Kisselev': [632, 1478], 'O.': [633, 1479, 1842, 2112, 3506], 'G-protein': [635, 1481, 1590, 1682, 2625, 3485], 'betagamma': [636, 764, 1482, 2688, 2728, 3004, 3709], 'complex.Cell': [637, 1483], 'Signal.': [638, 855, 906, 1484, 2441], '1998;': [639, 1485, 2343, 3123, 4347], '10:': [640, 1486], '447-455Crossref': [641, 1487], 'Scopus': [643, 689, 743, 782, 826, 860, 884, 911, 1034, 1230, 1253, 1302, 1348, 1385, 1403, 1440, 1489, 1541, 1578, 1606, 1702, 1772, 1831, 1859, 1878, 1919, 1982, 2134, 2195, 2319, 2352, 2390, 2445, 2500, 2643, 2710, 2746, 2799, 2987, 3023, 3127, 3217, 3274, 3537, 3599, 3665, 3728, 3765, 3810, 3843, 3873, 4036, 4351], '(158)': [644, 1490], 'acts': [650], 'including': [654, 1277, 4256], 'protein-gated': [656], 'inwardly': [657], 'rectifying': [658], 'K+': [659, 681], 'channels': [660], '(4Logothetis': [661], 'D.E.': [662, 670], 'Kurachi': [663], 'Y.': [664, 750, 1315, 1669, 1807, 1817, 1895, 1905, 2286, 2365, 3815], 'Galper': [665], 'J.': [666, 1128, 1174, 1412, 1697, 2200, 2202, 2211, 2359, 2495, 2715, 2839, 2872, 2957, 3056, 3243, 4168], 'Neer': [667, 2653, 2877], 'E.J.': [668, 2654, 2878], 'Clapham': [669], 'beta': [672, 707, 726, 733, 807, 1523, 2626, 2659, 2694, 2937, 2942], 'gamma': [673, 708, 727, 808, 1018, 1094, 1144, 1190, 1220, 1244, 1275, 1283, 1285, 1288, 1323, 1328, 1362, 1525, 1932, 1966, 2002, 2294, 2299, 2437, 2628, 2661, 2696, 2855, 2889, 2938, 2946, 2973, 3067, 3588, 3647, 3747, 3788, 3827, 3857, 4184, 4254, 4262, 4297, 4328], 'GTP-binding': [676, 1358], 'muscarinic': [680, 3625, 3651, 3751], 'channel': [682], 'heart.Nature.': [684], '325:': [686], '321-326Crossref': [687], '(876)': [690], 'Scholar),': [692, 715, 746, 785, 1775, 2024, 3130], '(5Tang': [695], 'W.J.': [696, 1006], 'Gilman': [697, 1958], 'Type-specific': [699], 'regulation': [700, 902, 1690, 2271], 'subunits.Science.': [709], '254:': [711], '1500-1503Crossref': [712], '(PLC)': [718], '(6Katz': [719], 'A.': [720, 777, 1029, 1151, 1197, 1573, 1943, 1977, 2018, 2638, 2862, 2880, 2931, 3508, 3532, 3819, 4191], 'Wu': [721], 'D.': [722, 893, 897, 1506, 1667, 1926, 2474], 'Simon': [723, 1007, 1089, 1131, 1177, 2842, 4171], 'Subunits': [725], '2': [734], 'isoform': [735], 'C.Nature.': [738], '1992;': [739, 1226, 2639, 2666, 4270], '360:': [740], '686-689Crossref': [741], '(0)': [744, 827, 912, 1035, 1231, 1254, 1303, 1386, 1542, 1579, 1607, 1832, 1920, 1983, 2135, 2391, 2501, 2644, 2747, 2800, 2988, 3128, 3538, 3666, 3766, 3811, 3844, 3874, 4352], 'GPCR': [747], 'kinases': [748], '(7Daaka': [749], 'Pitcher': [751], 'J.A.': [752], 'Richardson': [753], 'M.': [754, 794, 800, 889, 1086, 1502, 2992, 3245, 3510, 3639, 3641, 3697, 3739, 3741, 4286], 'Stoffel': [755], 'R.H.': [756], 'Robishaw': [757, 1263, 2993, 3698, 4246], 'J.D.': [758, 1264, 2725, 2870, 2994, 3699, 4247], 'Lefkowitz': [759], 'R.J.': [760], 'Receptor': [761], 'isoform-specific': [765], 'interactions': [766, 2120, 3631], 'kinases.Proc.': [771], 'Natl.': [772, 1024, 1146, 1192, 1568, 1938, 1972, 2013, 2633, 2857, 3527, 4186], 'Acad.': [773, 1025, 1147, 1193, 1569, 1939, 1973, 2014, 2634, 2858, 3528, 4187], 'Sci.': [774, 1026, 1148, 1194, 1570, 1940, 1974, 2015, 2635, 2859, 3529, 4188], 'U.': [775, 1027, 1149, 1195, 1571, 1941, 1975, 2016, 2636, 2860, 3530, 4189], 'S.': [776, 1028, 1150, 1196, 1235, 1418, 1572, 1846, 1942, 1961, 1976, 1997, 2017, 2420, 2637, 2861, 3531, 4190], '1997;': [778], '94:': [779], '2180-2185Crossref': [780], '(155)': [783], 'phosphoinositide': [787, 817], '3-kinase': [788, 818], '(PI3Kγ)': [790], '(8Brock': [791], 'C.': [792, 798, 1260, 2116, 3052], 'Schaefer': [793], 'Reusch': [795], 'H.P.': [796], 'Czupalla': [797], 'Michalke': [799], 'Spicher': [801], 'et': [803, 900, 1318, 1419, 1513, 1678, 1998, 2289, 2368, 2425, 2881, 2966, 3256], 'al.Roles': [804], 'recruitment': [811], 'p110': [815], 'gamma/p101': [816], 'gamma.J.': [819], 'Cell': [820, 1224], 'Biol.': [821, 1225, 1291, 1337, 1374, 1761, 2184, 2308, 2341, 2379, 2664, 2699, 2788, 2915, 2976, 3012, 3494, 3654, 3717, 3754, 3799, 3832, 4268], '2003;': [822, 3590], '160:': [823], '89-99Crossref': [824], 'Recent': [830], 'reviews': [831], 'focused': [833], 'aspects': [836], '(9Hewavitharana': [843], 'T.': [844, 1311, 1313, 1317, 1809, 1813, 1815, 1897, 1901, 1903, 2282, 2284, 2288, 2767, 2933, 3250, 4280, 4288, 4321], 'Wedegaertner': [845], 'P.B.': [846, 1750, 2173], 'Non-canonical': [847], 'localizations': [850], 'proteins.Cell': [854], '2012;': [856], '24:': [857], '25-34Crossref': [858], '(71)': [861], '10Campbell': [864], 'A.P.': [865], 'Smrcka': [866, 3818], 'A.V.': [867], 'Targeting': [868], 'signalling': [872], 'blocking': [874], 'proteins.Nat.': [876], 'Drug': [878], 'Discov.': [879], '2018;': [880, 2496], '17:': [881], '789-803Crossref': [882], '(76)': [885], '11Tennakoon': [888], 'Senarath': [890], 'Kankanamge': [892], 'Ratnayake': [894], 'Wijayaratna': [896], 'Olupothage': [898], 'al.Subtype-dependent': [901], 'Gbetagamma': [904, 4026], 'signalling.Cell': [905], '2021;': [907, 2442], '82:': [908], '109947Crossref': [909], 'studies': [917, 3150, 4218], 'limited': [924], 'their': [926, 945, 1740, 2010, 4118, 4340], 'structure': [927, 1320, 1656, 2291, 2430, 3092, 3910, 4074], 'functions': [930], 'reviewed.': [934], 'review': [936], 'focuses': [937], 'subunits,': [944, 1276, 4255], 'based': [950, 1167, 2808], 'information,': [953], 'gaps': [954], 'remain': [956], 'our': [958], 'knowledge,': [959], 'future': [962, 2506, 4043], 'experimental': [963, 2606], 'directions': [964], 'can': [966, 4055], 'address': [967, 4058], 'lacunae.': [969], 'transducin,': [974, 2903], 'found': [978, 2820], 'rod': [980, 2909], 'outer': [981, 2910], 'segments': [982, 2911], 'retina': [985], 'was': [986, 1071, 1743, 1777, 1804, 2251, 2553, 3223, 3386, 3561, 4110, 4123, 4204, 4360], 'first': [988], 'be': [991, 2406], 'characterized': [992], 'at': [993, 1739, 1797, 2009], 'cDNA': [997, 1014, 1042, 1169, 1212, 1267, 4266], 'level': [998], '(12Hurley': [999], 'J.B.': [1000], 'Fong': [1001], 'H.K.': [1002, 1987], 'Teplow': [1003], 'D.B.': [1004], 'Dreyer': [1005], 'Isolation': [1009, 1265, 1586], 'characterization': [1011, 1559], 'clone': [1015], 'bovine': [1021, 2786, 4337], 'retinal': [1022], 'transducin.Proc.': [1023], '1984;': [1030], '81:': [1031], '6948-6952Crossref': [1032], 'identification': [1039], 'Gi/o': [1050], 'using': [1052], 'peptide': [1053, 2885, 3552, 3566, 3605, 3649, 3749], 'analysis': [1054], 'PCR': [1056], 'showed': [1057, 1611, 2608, 3151, 3381, 4219], 'primary': [1060, 1445, 1655], 'structures': [1061, 1446, 3881, 3927, 3939], 'two': [1064, 2068, 3155, 4324], 'diverged': [1067, 1714], 'considerably,': [1068], 'it': [1070, 1776, 2507, 2517, 2552, 3957, 4109], 'evolutionarily': [1072, 1713], 'related': [1073, 2126, 3163], 'small': [1076, 2228], 'binding': [1078], 'Ras': [1079, 2153], '(13Gautam': [1083], 'Baetscher': [1085], 'Aebersold': [1087], 'R.': [1088, 1307, 1355, 1840, 2278, 2363, 2418, 2769, 4282, 4315], 'A': [1091, 1240, 1356, 2034, 2603, 3429, 3480, 3603, 3644, 3744, 4022], 'shares': [1096], 'homology': [1097, 3165], 'ras': [1099], 'proteins.Science.': [1100, 3072], '1989;': [1101, 1534], '244:': [1102], '971-974Crossref': [1103], 'Identification': [1107, 4322], 'additional': [1109], 'suggested': [1111, 2263, 3433], 'were': [1116, 1165, 1451, 1468, 2617, 2816, 2819, 3356, 3620, 4128, 4148, 4151, 4210, 4225, 4235], 'potentially': [1117], 'structurally': [1122], '(14Gautam': [1125, 1171, 2836, 4165], 'Northup': [1127, 1173, 2838, 2934, 4167], 'Tamir': [1129, 1175, 2840, 2930, 4169], 'H.': [1130, 1176, 1309, 1811, 1836, 1838, 1899, 2280, 2324, 2357, 2361, 2771, 2841, 2927, 3054, 3635, 3735, 3770, 4170, 4317], 'diversity': [1135, 1181, 2846, 2944, 4175], 'increased': [1137, 1183, 2848, 4177], 'associations': [1139, 1185, 2610, 2850, 4179], 'variety': [1142, 1188, 2604, 2853, 4182], 'subunits.Proc.': [1145, 1191, 2856, 4185], '1990;': [1152, 1198, 1827, 1856, 1915, 1944, 1978, 2019, 2863, 3423, 4192], '87:': [1153, 1199, 1945, 1979, 2020, 2864, 4193], '7973-7977Crossref': [1154, 1200, 2865, 4194], 'Over': [1158], 'years,': [1160], '12': [1161], 'identified': [1166, 1652, 1805, 4264], 'sequences': [1170, 2453], '15Fisher': [1204], 'K.J.': [1205], 'Aronson': [1206], 'Jr.,': [1207, 3249], 'N.N.': [1208], 'Characterization': [1209], 'genomic': [1214], 'sequence': [1215, 2039], '(gamma': [1222], '5).Mol.': [1223], '12:': [1227], '1585-1591Crossref': [1228], '16Kalyanaraman': [1234], 'Kalyanaraman': [1236, 2677], 'V.': [1237, 2678], 'brain-specific': [1241], 'subunit.Biochem.': [1245], 'Biophys.': [1246, 1600, 2128], 'Res.': [1247, 2213], 'Commun.': [1248], '1995;': [1249, 1293, 1339, 1376, 1763, 2186, 2310, 2978, 3533, 4308], '216:': [1250], '126-132Crossref': [1251], '17Ray': [1257], 'Kunsch': [1259], 'Bonner': [1261], 'L.M.': [1262], 'clones': [1268], 'encoding': [1269], 'eight': [1270, 2460], 'different': [1271, 1454, 1660, 2540, 2814, 2823, 2834, 3003, 3708, 4077, 4083, 4094, 4229], 'human': [1272, 3143, 4374], 'three': [1278, 2140], 'novel': [1279, 1357, 1589, 3120], 'forms': [1280, 4294, 4325], 'designated': [1281], '4,': [1284], '10,': [1286], '11': [1289], 'subunits.J.': [1290], 'Chem.': [1292, 1338, 1375, 1762, 2185, 2309, 2342, 2380, 2665, 2700, 2789, 2916, 2977, 3013, 3495, 3655, 3718, 3755, 3800, 3833, 4269], '270:': [1294, 1340, 1377, 1764, 2187, 2311, 2979], '21765-21771Abstract': [1295], 'Full': [1296, 1298, 1342, 1344, 1379, 1381, 1537, 1766, 1768, 2189, 2191, 2313, 2315, 2346, 2348, 2384, 2386, 2669, 2704, 2706, 2793, 2795, 2920, 2981, 2983, 3017, 3019, 3499, 3593, 3595, 3659, 3661, 3722, 3724, 3759, 3761, 3804, 3806, 3837, 3839, 4273], 'Text': [1297, 1299, 1343, 1345, 1380, 1382, 1538, 1767, 1769, 2190, 2192, 2314, 2316, 2347, 2349, 2385, 2387, 2670, 2705, 2707, 2794, 2796, 2921, 2982, 2984, 3018, 3020, 3500, 3594, 3596, 3660, 3662, 3723, 3725, 3760, 3762, 3805, 3807, 3838, 3840, 4274], 'PDF': [1300, 1346, 1383, 1539, 1770, 2193, 2317, 2350, 2388, 2671, 2708, 2797, 2922, 2985, 3021, 3501, 3597, 3663, 3726, 3763, 3808, 3841, 4275], '18Morishita': [1306], 'Nakayama': [1308, 2279], 'Isobe': [1310, 2281], 'Matsuda': [1312, 2283], 'Hashimoto': [1314, 2285], 'Okano': [1316, 2287], 'al.Primary': [1319, 2290], 'protein,': [1327, 2206, 2298, 4332], '12,': [1329, 2300], 'its': [1331, 1596, 2302], 'phosphorylation': [1332, 2242, 2268, 2303, 2396, 2427, 2466, 2480], 'kinase': [1335, 2306], 'C.J.': [1336, 2307, 2648], '29469-29475Abstract': [1341, 2312], '(79)': [1349, 2320], '19Ryba': [1352], 'N.J.': [1353], 'Tirindelli': [1354], 'gamma-subunit,': [1360], '8,': [1363], 'expressed': [1365, 4135], 'during': [1366], 'neurogenesis': [1367], 'olfactory': [1370], 'vomeronasal': [1372], 'neuroepithelia.J.': [1373], '6757-6767Abstract': [1378], '20Downes': [1389], 'gene': [1397, 3097, 3115, 3185, 3190, 3201, 3211, 3222, 3234, 3260], 'families.Genomics.': [1398, 3212], '1999;': [1399, 1436, 2381, 2790, 3014, 3213, 3656, 3719, 3756], '62:': [1400, 3214], '544-552Crossref': [1401, 3215], '(228)': [1404, 3218], '21Huang': [1407], 'L.': [1408, 1504, 1510, 2719, 2876, 3253, 3414], 'Shanker': [1409], 'Y.G.': [1410], 'Dubauskaite': [1411], 'Zheng': [1413], 'J.Z.': [1414], 'W.': [1416, 1671, 1993, 2422, 2874], 'Rosenzweig': [1417], 'al.Ggamma13': [1420], 'colocalizes': [1421], 'gustducin': [1423], 'taste': [1425], 'mediates': [1429], 'IP3': [1430], 'bitter': [1433], 'denatonium.Nat.': [1434], 'Neurosci.': [1435], '2:': [1437], '1055-1062Crossref': [1438], '(285)': [1441], 'conserved': [1452, 2036], 'mammalian': [1455, 4121, 4138, 4358], 'species': [1456], 'differences': [1460], 'amino': [1462, 2037, 2070], 'acid': [1463, 2038], 'residues': [1464, 2141, 2472], 'among': [1465, 2690], 'functional': [1470], 'importance': [1471], '(3Gautam': [1472], 'presence': [1494, 3571, 4199], 'yeast': [1500, 1520, 2399], '(22Whiteway': [1501], 'Hougan': [1503], 'Dignard': [1505], 'Thomas': [1507, 2649], 'D.Y.': [1508], 'Bell': [1509], 'Saari': [1511], 'G.C.': [1512], 'al.The': [1514], 'STE4': [1515], 'STE18': [1517], 'genes': [1518, 3086, 3153], 'encode': [1521], 'mating': [1529], 'factor': [1530], 'receptor-coupled': [1531], 'protein.Cell.': [1533], '467-477Abstract': [1536], 'Scholar)': [1544, 1609, 1949], 'plants': [1549, 1717], '(23Mason': [1550], 'M.G.': [1551, 1583], 'Botella': [1552, 1584], 'J.R.': [1553, 1585], 'Completing': [1554], 'heterotrimer:': [1556], 'isolation': [1557], 'an': [1561, 1636, 1646, 2005, 2151, 3387, 4006, 4361], 'Arabidopsis': [1562, 1593, 1644, 1695], 'thaliana': [1563, 1594], 'gamma-subunit': [1566, 1591, 1683, 1819, 1907, 3486], 'cDNA.Proc.': [1567], '2000;': [1574, 3834], '97:': [1575], '14784-14788Crossref': [1576], '24Mason': [1582], 'interaction': [1597, 3374, 3438, 3951, 3969, 3996, 4002, 4015, 4062], 'Gbeta.Biochim.': [1599], 'Acta.': [1601, 2129], '2001;': [1602, 1874, 3270, 3869], '1520:': [1603], '147-153Crossref': [1604], 'also': [1610, 3192, 3628, 3676], 'has': [1618, 1650, 2402, 2457, 2757], 'retained': [1620, 2234], 'over': [1621], 'long': [1623], 'period': [1624], 'evolution': [1626], 'all': [1628, 1662, 2570, 2575, 3887], 'eukaryotes': [1629], 'further': [1631, 4205], 'emphasized': [1632], 'independent': [1637], 'role': [1638, 2265, 3361, 3670, 3823], 'signaling.': [1640], 'thaliana,': [1645], 'atypical': [1647, 1680], 'distinctly': [1659], 'other': [1663, 2125, 4163], '(25Chakravorty': [1666], 'Trusov': [1668], 'Zhang': [1670], 'Acharya': [1672], 'B.R.': [1673], 'Sheahan': [1674], 'M.B.': [1675], 'McCurdy': [1676], 'D.W.': [1677], 'al.An': [1679], 'involved': [1685], 'guard': [1687], 'K(+)-channel': [1689], 'morphological': [1692], 'development': [1693], 'thaliana.Plant': [1696], '2011;': [1698], '67:': [1699], '840-851Crossref': [1700], '(167)': [1703], 'suggests': [1707], 'considerably': [1715], 'specialized': [1720], 'Though': [1722], 'lipidation': [1724], 'covalent': [1730, 1794, 1872], '16-carbon': [1731], 'palmitate': [1732], 'group': [1733, 1738, 3783], 'and/or': [1734], '14': [1735, 2471], 'carbon': [1736], 'myristate': [1737], 'N': [1741], 'terminus': [1742, 1800, 2047, 3610], 'discovered': [1744], 'late': [1747], '1980s': [1748], '(26Wedegaertner': [1749, 2172], 'Wilson': [1751, 2174], 'P.T.': [1752, 2175], 'Bourne': [1753, 2176], 'H.R.': [1754, 2177], 'Lipid': [1755, 2178], 'modifications': [1756, 1796, 2179], 'trimeric': [1758, 2181, 3792], 'proteins.J.': [1760, 2183], '503-506Abstract': [1765, 2188], '(394)': [1773, 2196], 'only': [1778, 2597], '1990': [1780], 'anchoring': [1783], 'via': [1789], 'prenyl': [1791, 1888, 2074, 2160, 3782], 'moiety': [1792], 'posttranslational': [1795], '(27Fukada': [1806, 1894], 'Takao': [1808, 1896], 'Ohguro': [1810, 1898], 'Yoshizawa': [1812, 1900], 'Akino': [1814, 1902], 'Shimonishi': [1816, 1904], 'Farnesylated': [1818, 1906], 'photoreceptor': [1821, 1909], 'indispensable': [1824, 1912], 'GTP-binding.Nature.': [1826, 1914], '346:': [1828, 1916], '658-660Crossref': [1829, 1917], '28Xie': [1835], 'Yamane': [1837], 'Stephenson': [1839], 'Ong': [1841], 'Fung': [1843, 1994], 'B.': [1844, 3060], 'Clarke': [1845, 1996], 'Analysis': [1847], 'prenylated': [1849, 2144], 'carboxyl-terminal': [1850], 'cysteine': [1851], 'methyl': [1852, 2007, 2170], 'esters': [1853], 'proteins.Methods.': [1855], '1:': [1857, 2215], '276-282Crossref': [1858], '(17)': [1860], '29Chen': [1863], 'C.A.': [1864, 2717], 'Manning': [1865], 'D.R.': [1866], 'Regulation': [1867], 'modification.Oncogene.': [1873], '20:': [1875], '1643-1652Crossref': [1876], '(169)': [1879], 'lipidated': [1885], 'group,': [1889], 'either': [1890], 'farnesyl': [1891], '(15': [1892], 'Carbon)': [1893, 1953], '30Lai': [1923], 'R.K.': [1924], 'Perez-Sala': [1925], 'Canada': [1927], 'F.J.': [1928], 'Rando': [1929], 'R.R.': [1930, 3854], 'transducin': [1935, 3587], 'farnesylated.Proc.': [1937], '7673-7677Crossref': [1946], 'geranylgeranyl': [1951], '(20': [1952], '(31Mumby': [1954], 'S.M.': [1955, 2476], 'Casey': [1956], 'P.J.': [1957], 'Gutowski': [1960], 'Sternweis': [1962], 'P.C.': [1963], 'contain': [1968, 2004, 2464, 2822], '20-carbon': [1970], 'isoprenoid.Proc.': [1971], '5873-5877Crossref': [1980], '32Yamane': [1986], 'Farnsworth': [1988], 'C.C.': [1989], 'Xie': [1990], 'H.Y.': [1991], 'Howald': [1992], 'B.K.': [1995], 'al.Brain': [1999], 'all-trans-geranylgeranylcysteine': [2006], 'ester': [2008], 'carboxyl': [2011, 2169], 'termini.Proc.': [2012], '5868-5872Crossref': [2021], 'through': [2025, 2235, 3370], 'stable': [2027], 'thioether': [2028], 'linkage': [2029], 'C-terminal': [2032, 3452, 3550, 3914, 3936], 'Cys.': [2033], 'four-residue': [2035], 'called;': [2040], '"the': [2041], 'CaaX': [2042, 2062, 2155], 'motif"': [2043], 'type': [2054], 'prenylation': [2056, 2207, 2222, 3896], 'composed': [2064], 'Cys,': [2067], 'aliphatic': [2069], 'acids-aa,': [2071], 'transferase': [2075, 2171], 'determining': [2076], 'residue,': [2077], 'X.': [2078, 2416], 'Cys': [2080, 2161], 'farnesylated': [2082, 3481], 'when': [2083, 2099, 3556, 3967, 4207], 'X': [2084, 2100], 'Met,': [2086], 'Ser,': [2087], 'Glu,': [2088], 'Ala': [2090], '(as': [2091], 'γ1,': [2093], 'γ9,': [2094], 'γ11),': [2096], 'geranylgeranylated': [2098, 3604], 'Leu': [2103], '(the': [2104], 'rest': [2105], 'nine': [2108], '(33Vogler': [2111], 'Barcelo': [2113], 'J.M.': [2114], 'Ribas': [2115], 'Escriba': [2117], 'P.V.': [2118], 'proteins.Biochim.': [2127], '2008;': [2130], '1778:': [2131], '1640-1652Crossref': [2132], 'last': [2139], '(aaX)': [2142], 'proteolytically': [2147], 'cleaved': [2148], 'off': [2149], 'endoprotease;': [2152], 'converting': [2154], 'endopeptidase,': [2156], 'subsequently': [2158], 'carboxy': [2163], 'methylated': [2164], 'methyltransferase,': [2167], 'isoprenyl-cysteine': [2168], '34Gao': [2199], 'Liao': [2201], 'Yang': [2203], 'G.Y.': [2204], 'CAAX-box': [2205], 'process': [2208], 'carcinogenesis.Am.': [2210], 'Transl': [2212], '2009;': [2214], '312-325PubMed': [2216], 'contrast': [2220], 'which': [2223, 3160], 'restricted': [2225], 'set': [2229, 3430], 'life': [2237], 'modified': [2240], 'proteins,': [2241], 'ubiquitous': [2244], 'transient.': [2246], 'Phosphorylation': [2247, 2331], 'occur': [2254], 'case': [2257], 'γ12,': [2259], 'pathways': [2276, 3050], '(18Morishita': [2277], '35Yasuda': [2323], 'Lindorfer': [2325, 3771], 'M.A.': [2326, 2652, 3579, 3772], 'Myung': [2327, 3849], 'C.S.': [2328, 3850], 'Garrison': [2329, 3777, 3851], 'J.C.': [2330, 3778, 3852], 'gamma12': [2336, 2374], 'regulates': [2338], 'specificity.J.': [2340], '273:': [2344], '21958-21965Abstract': [2345], '(45)': [2353], '36Ueda': [2356], 'Yamauchi': [2358], 'Itoh': [2360], 'Morishita': [2362, 2768, 4281], 'Kaziro': [2364], 'Kato': [2366, 2772, 4289, 4318], 'al.Phosphorylation': [2369], 'F-actin-associating': [2371], 'enhances': [2376], 'fibroblast': [2377], 'motility.J.': [2378], '274:': [2382, 2791, 3015, 3657, 3720, 3757], '12124-12128Abstract': [2383], 'More': [2394], 'recently,': [2395], 'essential': [2407], 'downstream': [2409], '(37Nassiri': [2412], 'Toosi': [2413], 'Z.': [2414], 'Su': [2415], 'Austin': [2417], 'Choudhury': [2419], 'Li': [2421, 3636, 3736], 'Pang': [2423], 'Y.T.': [2424], 'al.Combinatorial': [2426], 'modulates': [2428], 'yeast.Sci.': [2440], '14eabd2464Crossref': [2443], '(3)': [2446], 'An': [2449], 'examination': [2450], 'putative': [2465], 'sites': [2467, 2513], 'N-terminal': [2470], '(38Chakravorty': [2473], 'Assmann': [2475], 'regulatory': [2483, 2896], 'mammals,': [2491], 'yeast,': [2492], 'plants.Biochem.': [2494], '475:': [2497], '3331-3357Crossref': [2498], 'will': [2508], 'become': [2509], 'clearer': [2510], 'whether': [2511], 'phosphorylated,': [2515], 'general': [2520], 'theme': [2521], 'regulating': [2523], 'subunits.': [2528, 4216], 'Since': [2529, 3938], 'there': [2530, 2580], 'possibility': [2533], 'made': [2537], 'up': [2538], 'combinations': [2541], 'β': [2543, 2564, 2571, 2612, 2762], 'could': [2548], 'functions,': [2551], 'determine': [2556, 2735], 'rules': [2558], 'association': [2561, 2760, 2775], 'types.': [2568], 'Do': [2569], 'associate': [2573], 'selective': [2582, 2618, 2759, 3371], 'association?': [2583], 'Such': [2584], 'selectivity': [2585, 4356], 'would': [2586], 'suggest': [2587], 'even': [2589], 'if': [2590], 'expresses': [2593], 'many': [2594], 'types,': [2596], 'certain': [2598], 'possible.': [2602], 'methods': [2607], '(39Pronin': [2619], 'A.N.': [2620], 'Interaction': [2623], 'selective.Proc.': [2632], '89:': [2640], '6220-6224Crossref': [2641], '40Schmidt': [2647], 'T.C.': [2650], 'Levine': [2651], 'Specificity': [2655], 'interactions.J.': [2663], '267:': [2667, 4271], '13807-13810Abstract': [2668], '41Yan': [2675], 'Differential': [2681], 'ability': [2682], 'families.J.': [2698], '1996;': [2701, 3801], '271:': [2702, 3802], '7141-7146Abstract': [2703], '(84)': [2711], '42Dingus': [2714], 'Wells': [2716], 'Campbell': [2718], 'Cleator': [2720], 'J.H.': [2721], 'Robinson': [2722], 'Hildebrandt': [2724], 'Protein': [2727, 4088, 4099], 'dimer': [2729, 2740], 'formation:': [2730], 'gbeta': [2731], 'Ggamma': [2733], 'differentially': [2734], 'efficiency': [2736], 'vitro': [2739], 'formation.Biochemistry.': [2741], '2005;': [2742], '44:': [2743], '11882-11890Crossref': [2744], 'Importantly,': [2750], 'purifying': [2751], 'native': [2752], 'tissues': [2756, 2815, 4122, 4164, 4359], 'confirmed': [2758], '(43Asano': [2766], 'Ueda': [2770, 4316], 'Selective': [2774, 3822, 4248], 'beta(4)': [2779], 'gamma(5)': [2781], 'gamma(12)': [2783], 'tissues.J.': [2787, 4306], '21425-21429Abstract': [2792], 'When': [2803, 4140], 'heterotrimers': [2807, 3001, 3706, 4156], 'identity': [2812, 2940], 'examined,': [2817], 'they': [2818, 3177, 3961, 4150, 4364], 'suggesting': [2826, 3175], 'again': [2827], '44Hildebrandt': [2869], 'Codina': [2871], 'Rosenthal': [2873], 'Birnbaumer': [2875], 'Yamazaki': [2879], 'al.Characterization': [2882], 'two-dimensional': [2884], 'mapping': [2886, 3082, 3108], 'Ns': [2892], 'Ni,': [2894], 'cyclase,': [2900], 'guanine': [2905], 'nucleotide-binding': [2906], 'eye.J.': [2914], '1985;': [2917], '260:': [2918], '14867-14872Abstract': [2919], '45Tamir': [2926], 'Fawzi': [2928], 'A.B.': [2929], 'Evans': [2932], 'J.K.': [2935], 'G-Protein': [2936], 'forms:': [2939], 'subunits.Biochemistry.': [2947], '30:': [2949, 3424], '3929-3936Crossref': [2950], '46Wilcox': [2954], 'M.D.': [2955], 'Dingus': [2956], 'Balcueva': [2958, 4242], 'E.A.': [2959, 4243], 'McIntire': [2960], 'W.E.': [2961, 4021], 'Mehta': [2962], 'N.D.': [2963], 'Schey': [2964], 'K.L.': [2965], 'al.Bovine': [2967], 'brain': [2968, 4159, 4208, 4239], 'GO': [2969], 'isoforms': [2970], 'compositions.J.': [2975], '4189-4192Abstract': [2980], '47Richardson': [2991], 'alpha2A-adrenergic': [2996, 3701], 'discriminates': [2998, 3703], 'Gi': [3000, 3705], 'composition': [3006, 3711], 'Sf9': [3008, 3713], 'insect': [3009, 3714], 'membranes.J.': [3011, 3716], '13525-13533Abstract': [3016, 3721], '(75)': [3024, 3729], 'Knocking': [3027], 'down': [3028], 'line': [3035], 'antisense': [3037], 'oligonucleotides': [3038], 'provided': [3039], 'support': [3040], 'selectively': [3046, 4136], 'affecting': [3047], '(48Kleuss': [3051], 'Scherubl': [3053], 'Hescheler': [3055], 'Schultz': [3057], 'G.': [3058], 'Wittig': [3059], 'Selectivity': [3061], 'transduction': [3064], '1993;': [3073], '259:': [3074], '832-834Crossref': [3075], 'After': [3079], 'early': [3081, 4129], 'mouse': [3085, 3141], 'elucidation': [3089], '(49Downes': [3098], 'Copeland': [3100], 'N.G.': [3101], 'Jenkins': [3102], 'N.A.': [3103], 'Structure': [3106], 'gamma3': [3113], 'divergently': [3118], 'transcribed': [3119], 'gene,': [3121], 'gng3lg.Genomics.': [3122], '53:': [3124], '220-230Crossref': [3125], 'genomics': [3132], 'now': [3137], 'comprehensive': [3138], 'both': [3140], '(Tables': [3144], '1': [3145], '2).': [3147], 'earlier': [3149], 'γ1': [3157, 3456], 'γ11': [3159, 4224], 'closely': [3162], 'arranged': [3167], 'together': [3168], 'head': [3171, 3195], 'tail': [3173, 3197, 4001], 'orientation': [3174, 3198], 'may': [3178], 'arisen': [3180], 'duplication,': [3186], 'γ3': [3189, 4146, 4203], 'Gng3lg': [3202], '(20Downes': [3203], 'later': [3224], 'named': [3225], 'humans': [3227], 'BSCL2,': [3229], 'mutations': [3231, 3465], 'congenital': [3238, 3264], 'lipodystrophy,': [3239], 'Berardinelli–Seip': [3240], 'syndrome': [3241], '(50Magre': [3242], 'Delepine': [3244], 'Khallouf': [3246], 'E.': [3247, 3255], 'Gedde-Dahl': [3248], 'Van': [3251], 'Maldergem': [3252], 'Sobel': [3254], 'al.Identification': [3257], 'altered': [3261], 'Berardinelli-Seip': [3263], 'lipodystrophy': [3265], 'chromosome': [3267], '11q13.Nat.': [3268], 'Genet.': [3269], '28:': [3271], '365-370Crossref': [3272], '(567)': [3275], 'Scholar).Table': [3277], '1Mouse': [3278], 'genesaData': [3281, 3320], 'adapted': [3282, 3299, 3321, 3338, 4086, 4097], 'database': [3284, 3301, 3323, 3340], 'resources': [3285, 3302, 3324, 3341], 'National': [3288, 3305, 3327, 3344], 'Center': [3289, 3306, 3328, 3345], 'Biotechnology': [3291, 3308, 3330, 3347], 'Information.Gene': [3292, 3331], 'symbolGene': [3293, 3332], 'idChromosome': [3294, 3333], 'noNumber': [3295, 3334], 'exonsGNG114,69966GNG214,702148GNG314,704193GNG414,706135GNG514,70733GNG714,708107GNG814,70976GNG914,710117GNG1014,70043GNG1166,06662GNG1214,70166GNG1364,337174a': [3297], 'Data': [3298, 3337, 4089, 4100], 'Information.': [3309, 3348], 'Open': [3310, 3349, 4102], 'table': [3311, 3350, 4103], 'new': [3314, 3353, 4106, 4258], 'tab': [3315, 3354, 4107], 'Table': [3316], '2Human': [3317], 'Gγ': [3318, 4375], 'exonsGNG1279273GNG254,3311414GNG32785115GNG4278618GNG5278714GNG72788196GNG894,235195GNG92793175GNG10279093GNG11279172GNG1255,97017GNG1351,764163a': [3336], 'There': [3355, 3877, 4127], 'suggestions': [3357, 4130], 'direct': [3373, 3968], 'receptors.': [3376], 'Studies': [3377], 'purified': [3379, 4157], 'obligatory': [3388], 'requirement': [3389, 3444], '51Birnbaumer': [3413], 'transduction.Annu.': [3419], 'Pharmacol.': [3421], 'Toxicol.': [3422], '675-705Crossref': [3425], 'activation.': [3448], 'Peptides': [3449], 'domain': [3453, 3482, 3551, 3915], 'stabilized': [3458], 'photoactivated': [3460], 'rhodopsin,': [3463], 'region': [3468], 'prevented': [3469], 'heterotrimer': [3470], 'rhodopsin': [3473, 3560, 3575], '(52Kisselev': [3474], 'O.G.': [3475, 3577], 'Ermolaeva': [3476, 3509], 'M.V.': [3477], 'determinant': [3490], 'coupling.J.': [3493], '1994;': [3496], '269:': [3497], '21399-21402Abstract': [3498], '53Kisselev': [3505], 'Pronin': [3507], 'Receptor-G': [3513, 3855], 'coupling': [3515, 3791], 'established': [3517, 4206], 'conformational': [3521, 3546, 3583], 'switch': [3522, 3584], 'beta-gamma': [3525], 'complex.Proc.': [3526], '92:': [3534], '9102-9106Crossref': [3535], 'results,': [3544], 'change': [3547], 'light-activated': [3559], 'detected': [3562, 4152], 'same': [3565], 'remained': [3567], 'disordered': [3568], 'inactive': [3573], 'dark-adapted': [3574], '(54Kisselev': [3576], 'Downs': [3578], 'Rhodopsin': [3580], 'subunit.Structure.': [3589], '11:': [3591], '367-373Abstract': [3592], '(62)': [3600], 'corresponding': [3606], 'γ5': [3612, 4232], 'subunit,': [3613], 'γ7': [3616], 'γ12': [3618], 'inhibit': [3623], 'M2': [3624], 'signaling,': [3627], 'Gγ-receptor': [3630], '(55Azpiazu': [3632], 'I.': [3633, 3733, 3817, 4245], 'Cruzblanca': [3634, 3734], 'P.': [3637, 3737], 'Linder': [3638, 3738], 'Zhuo': [3640, 3740], 'subunit-specific': [3648, 3748], 'inhibits': [3650, 3750], 'signaling.J.': [3653, 3753], '35305-35308Abstract': [3658, 3758], 'supported': [3677], 'findings': [3679, 3988], 'more': [3686, 4056], 'potent': [3687], 'supporting': [3689], '(47Richardson': [3696], '55Azpiazu': [3732], '56Yasuda': [3769], 'Woodfork': [3773], 'K.A.': [3774], 'Fletcher': [3775], 'J.E.': [3776], 'Role': [3779], 'A1': [3796], 'adenosine': [3797, 3865], 'receptors.J.': [3798], '18588-18595Abstract': [3803], '57Hou': [3814], 'Azpiazu': [3816], 'interaction.J.': [3831], '275:': [3835], '38961-38964Abstract': [3836], '58Lim': [3847], 'W.K.': [3848], 'Neubig': [3853], 'specificity:': [3858], 'gamma11': [3859], 'unique': [3861], 'potency': [3862], 'A(1)': [3864], '5-HT(1A)': [3867], 'receptors.Biochemistry.': [3868], '40:': [3870], '10532-10541Crossref': [3871], '20': [3879], 'available': [3880], 'receptor–G': [3884, 3904, 3994, 4050], 'heterotrimer,': [3886], 'them': [3889], 'containing': [3890], 'γ2': [3891, 4144, 4201], 'without': [3894], 'site.': [3897], 'Their': [3898], 'PDB': [3899], 'IDs': [3900], '(Table': [3907, 4125], '3).': [3908], 'complete': [3913], 'clear': [3922], 'any': [3924], 'likely': [3928], 'due': [3929], 'hypervariable': [3932], 'nature': [3933], 'domain.': [3937], 'GPCR-G': [3942, 4078, 4084, 4095], 'capture': [3945, 4045], 'frozen': [3946], 'states': [3947, 3966, 4047], 'narrow': [3954], 'time': [3955], 'window,': [3956], 'possible': [3959], 'captured': [3964], 'occurs.': [3977], 'notion,': [3981], 'recent': [3982], 'modeling': [3983], 'how': [3985, 4025], 'existent': [3987], 'fit': [3989], 'into': [3990], 'model': [3992, 4023], 'where': [3997], 'occurs': [4003], 'transiently': [4004], 'intracellular': [4007], 'hydrophobic': [4008], 'site': [4009], 'facilitating': [4013], 'subsequent': [4014], '(59McIntire': [4020], 'couples': [4027], 'Galpha': [4028], 'GPCR.J.': [4030], 'Gen.': [4031], 'Physiol.': [4032], '2022;': [4033], '154e202112982Crossref': [4034], '(1)': [4037], 'Structures': [4040], 'transient': [4046], 'after': [4053], 'directly': [4057], 'questions': [4059], 'receptor.Table': [4069], '3Cryo-EM': [4070], 'X-ray': [4072], 'crystallographic': [4073], 'complexesaStructural': [4080], 'data': [4081, 4092, 4377], 'Bank.a': [4090], 'Structural': [4091], 'Bank.': [4101], 'Once': [4108], 'family,': [4117], 'expression': [4119, 4372], 'examined': [4124, 4211], '4).': [4126], 'tissue.': [4139], 'antisera': [4141], 'used,': [4149], 'extracts': [4209], 'These': [4217], 'γ5,': [4221], 'γ10,': [4222], 'several': [4228], 'tissues,': [4230], 'although': [4231], 'γ10': [4234], 'barely': [4236], 'detectable': [4237], '(60Cali': [4240], 'J.J.': [4241], 'Rybalkin': [4244], 'tissue': [4249, 4341], 'distribution': [4250, 4342], 'cloning.J.': [4267], '24023-24027Abstract': [4272], '61Asano': [4279], 'Ohashi': [4283], 'Nagahama': [4285], 'Miyake': [4287], 'Localization': [4291], 'neural': [4303], 'nonneural': [4305], 'Neurochem.': [4307], '64:': [4309], '1267-1273Crossref': [4310], '62Morishita': [4314], 'Asano': [4320], 'gamma10': [4333], 'gamma11,': [4335], 'lung': [4338], 'rat.FEBS': [4345], 'Lett.': [4346], '428:': [4348], '85-88Crossref': [4349], 'indication': [4362], 'roles.Table': [4367], '4Genomic': [4368], 'location': [4369], 'tissue-specific': [4371], 'subunitsaGenomic': [4376], 'adapt': [4378]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4306804088', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T16:09:37.278441', 'created_date': '2022-10-20'}
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