Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4298139967', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01707-6', 'title': 'Machine actionable metadata models', 'display_name': 'Machine actionable metadata models', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-09-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4298139967', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01707-6', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36180441'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01707-6', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01707-6.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2607323502', 'display_name': 'Scientific Data', 'issn_l': '2052-4463', 'issn': ['2052-4463'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01707-6.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031565236', 'display_name': 'Dominique Batista', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-489X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dominique Batista', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086246448', 'display_name': 'Alejandra González-Beltrán', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3499-8262'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008806860', 'display_name': 'Susanna‐Assunta Sansone', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-5690'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Susanna-Assunta Sansone', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018395535', 'display_name': 'Philippe Rocca‐Serra', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9853-5668'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Philippe Rocca-Serra', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 1990, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1990, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1990, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1990, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 4.316, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 17, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999836, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '9', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11986', 'display_name': 'Scientific Computing and Data Management', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1802', 'display_name': 'Information Systems and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11986', 'display_name': 'Scientific Computing and Data Management', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1802', 'display_name': 'Information Systems and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11710', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11937', 'display_name': 'Research Data Management Practices', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modularity', 'display_name': 'Modularity', 'score': 0.50588506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata-modeling', 'display_name': 'Metadata modeling', 'score': 0.41443405}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93518851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160', 'display_name': 'Metadata', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.93213886}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78067076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20136886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647', 'display_name': 'Interoperability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66946757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206588197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574', 'display_name': 'Reuse', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6626532}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C101468663', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158', 'display_name': 'Modular design', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5510889}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779478453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748', 'display_name': 'Modularity (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50588506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49991536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47069645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46309614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C85847156', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987', 'display_name': 'Verifiable secret sharing', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.429739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110326360', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149476', 'display_name': 'Metadata modeling', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.41443405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30872290', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172389', 'display_name': 'Data element', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.40946615}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39764303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115903868', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993', 'display_name': 'Software engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3353908}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10451093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001690', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Science Disciplines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000071253', 'descriptor_name': 'Metadata', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015203', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproducibility of Results', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01707-6', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01707-6.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2607323502', 'display_name': 'Scientific Data', 'issn_l': '2052-4463', 'issn': ['2052-4463'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/19ca0995f5ab48599e2f9255f404dcd6', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9525592', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36180441', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01707-6', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01707-6.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2607323502', 'display_name': 'Scientific Data', 'issn_l': '2052-4463', 'issn': ['2052-4463'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1582892253', 'https://openalex.org/W1957272438', 'https://openalex.org/W1967865953', 'https://openalex.org/W1999773781', 'https://openalex.org/W2050554833', 'https://openalex.org/W2066415719', 'https://openalex.org/W2073275508', 'https://openalex.org/W2106797966', 'https://openalex.org/W2113142309', 'https://openalex.org/W2118100588', 'https://openalex.org/W2120789186', 'https://openalex.org/W2130430745', 'https://openalex.org/W2138598227', 'https://openalex.org/W2155354890', 'https://openalex.org/W2162323699', 'https://openalex.org/W2302501749', 'https://openalex.org/W2404764459', 'https://openalex.org/W2612519453', 'https://openalex.org/W2806461003', 'https://openalex.org/W2888582434', 'https://openalex.org/W2911501529', 'https://openalex.org/W2934450419', 'https://openalex.org/W2947040663', 'https://openalex.org/W2973839119', 'https://openalex.org/W3213819329', 'https://openalex.org/W4213108508', 'https://openalex.org/W4224330264', 'https://openalex.org/W4245406373', 'https://openalex.org/W4281704579'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3199469221', 'https://openalex.org/W3084772717', 'https://openalex.org/W2907247951', 'https://openalex.org/W2796209520', 'https://openalex.org/W2545809202', 'https://openalex.org/W2380261968', 'https://openalex.org/W2366936177', 'https://openalex.org/W2353291710', 'https://openalex.org/W2136226335', 'https://openalex.org/W2050262794'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Community-developed': [0], 'minimum': [1], 'information': [2], 'checklists': [3], 'are': [4, 27, 43, 158], 'designed': [5], 'to': [6, 47, 58, 74, 94, 105, 118, 135], 'drive': [7], 'the': [8, 16, 21, 30, 49, 56, 60, 70, 76, 107, 116, 130, 145, 153, 163], 'rich': [9], 'and': [10, 18, 39, 52, 109, 128, 139, 151, 160], 'consistent': [11], 'reporting': [12, 24, 92, 123], 'of': [13, 20, 32, 55, 69, 78, 111, 122, 137, 147, 155], 'metadata,': [14], 'underpinning': [15], 'reproducibility': [17], 'reuse': [19], 'data.': [22], 'These': [23], 'guidelines,': [25], 'however,': [26], 'usually': [28], 'in': [29, 97, 125], 'form': [31], 'narratives': [33], 'intended': [34], 'for': [35, 81], 'human': [36], 'consumption.': [37], 'Modular': [38], 'reusable': [40], 'machine-readable': [41, 112], 'versions': [42], 'also': [44], 'needed.': [45], 'Firstly,': [46], 'provide': [48], 'necessary': [50], 'quantitative': [51], 'verifiable': [53], 'measures': [54], 'degree': [57], 'which': [59, 157], 'metadata': [61, 82, 149], 'descriptors': [62], 'meet': [63], 'these': [64], 'community': [65], 'requirements,': [66], 'a': [67], 'requirement': [68], 'FAIR': [71], 'Principles.': [72], 'Secondly,': [73], 'encourage': [75], 'creation': [77, 108, 154], 'standards-driven': [79], 'templates': [80], 'authoring,': [83], 'especially': [84], 'when': [85], 'describing': [86], 'complex': [87], 'experiments': [88], 'that': [89], 'require': [90], 'multiple': [91], 'guidelines': [93, 124], 'be': [95], 'used': [96], 'combination': [98], 'or': [99], 'extended.': [100], 'We': [101, 114], 'present': [102], 'new': [103], 'functionalities': [104], 'support': [106], 'improvements': [110], 'models.': [113], 'apply': [115], 'approach': [117], 'an': [119], 'exemplar': [120], 'set': [121], 'Life': [126], 'Science': [127], 'discuss': [129], 'challenges.': [131], 'Our': [132], 'work,': [133], 'targeted': [134], 'developers': [136], 'standards': [138], 'those': [140], 'familiar': [141], 'with': [142], 'standards,': [143], 'promotes': [144], 'concept': [146], 'compositional': [148], 'elements': [150], 'encourages': [152], 'community-standards': [156], 'modular': [159], 'interoperable': [161], 'from': [162], 'onset.': [164]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4298139967', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T01:59:37.766978', 'created_date': '2022-10-01'}