Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4288855743', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.w16_w01', 'title': 'Milk Products', 'display_name': 'Milk Products', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-07-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4288855743', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.w16_w01'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.w16_w01', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306533669', 'display_name': "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'other', 'type_crossref': 'other', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025325588', 'display_name': 'Roberto Galluzzo', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210112383', 'display_name': 'Nestlé (Switzerland)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v5xwf23', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112383']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Roberto Galluzzo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Nestlé S.A., Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nestlé S.A., Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112383']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015742188', 'display_name': 'Alessandro Gianfrancesco', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210112383', 'display_name': 'Nestlé (Switzerland)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v5xwf23', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112383']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alessandro Gianfrancesco', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Nestlé S.A., Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nestlé S.A., Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112383']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034184064', 'display_name': 'Rolf Jost', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210112383', 'display_name': 'Nestlé (Switzerland)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v5xwf23', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112383']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rolf Jost', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Nestlé S.A., Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nestlé S.A., Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112383']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 61}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '33'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10141', 'display_name': 'Probiotics and Prebiotics', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10141', 'display_name': 'Probiotics and Prebiotics', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11226', 'display_name': 'Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality', 'score': 0.9895, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1102', 'display_name': 'Agronomy and Crop Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13199', 'display_name': 'Genetic Adaptation of Lactase Persistence in Humans', 'score': 0.9871, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/toned-milk', 'display_name': 'Toned milk', 'score': 0.7990769}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-milk-ingredients', 'display_name': 'Modified milk ingredients', 'score': 0.6228815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/milk-composition', 'display_name': 'Milk Composition', 'score': 0.605491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fermented-milk-products', 'display_name': 'Fermented milk products', 'score': 0.58757085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/milk-quality', 'display_name': 'Milk Quality', 'score': 0.53868}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/milk-consumption', 'display_name': 'Milk Consumption', 'score': 0.533694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/butterfat', 'display_name': 'Butterfat', 'score': 0.49285793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/anhydrous', 'display_name': 'Anhydrous', 'score': 0.4142952}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.8241671}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189977493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352187', 'display_name': 'Skimmed milk', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.809626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C35129375', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17119327', 'display_name': 'Toned milk', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7990769}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43679160', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17117207', 'display_name': 'Modified milk ingredients', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6228815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779853579', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506176', 'display_name': 'Fermented milk products', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.58757085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5125649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20174728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909729', 'display_name': 'Butterfat', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.49285793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3020171069', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909729', 'display_name': 'Milk fat', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47089842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187714232', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745207', 'display_name': 'Anhydrous', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4142952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778717857', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818405', 'display_name': 'Linseed oil', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0966059}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08524823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775920511', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249', 'display_name': 'Lactic acid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.w16_w01', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306533669', 'display_name': "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1534273083', 'https://openalex.org/W1625892574', 'https://openalex.org/W1967470859', 'https://openalex.org/W1977564718', 'https://openalex.org/W2014496200', 'https://openalex.org/W2017280930', 'https://openalex.org/W2035552013', 'https://openalex.org/W2057173674', 'https://openalex.org/W2104944301', 'https://openalex.org/W2142048832', 'https://openalex.org/W2313719340', 'https://openalex.org/W2411854134', 'https://openalex.org/W2488766151', 'https://openalex.org/W2505016630', 'https://openalex.org/W268683725', 'https://openalex.org/W2757191651', 'https://openalex.org/W2768437156', 'https://openalex.org/W2896446840', 'https://openalex.org/W2908259740', 'https://openalex.org/W2947113112', 'https://openalex.org/W2979252177', 'https://openalex.org/W3020903430', 'https://openalex.org/W3036283563', 'https://openalex.org/W3114346281', 'https://openalex.org/W3136075156', 'https://openalex.org/W3157723299', 'https://openalex.org/W3160402167', 'https://openalex.org/W3197048526', 'https://openalex.org/W3207530957', 'https://openalex.org/W358483303', 'https://openalex.org/W4200534462', 'https://openalex.org/W4205646859', 'https://openalex.org/W4255909721', 'https://openalex.org/W4299514453', 'https://openalex.org/W4377943830', 'https://openalex.org/W561999373', 'https://openalex.org/W5700115', 'https://openalex.org/W588656836'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4238541161', 'https://openalex.org/W3123097184', 'https://openalex.org/W3093493612', 'https://openalex.org/W2558463472', 'https://openalex.org/W2487539055', 'https://openalex.org/W2064046069', 'https://openalex.org/W204731996', 'https://openalex.org/W2023416168', 'https://openalex.org/W2004012984', 'https://openalex.org/W1587679326'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'article': [1], 'contains': [2], 'sections': [3], 'titled:': [4], '1': [5], 'Introduction': [6], '2': [7], 'Fluid': [8, 32], 'Milks': [9, 28, 33], '2.1': [10], "Consumer's": [11, 17, 27], 'Milk': [12, 18, 35, 41, 43, 47, 49, 54, 64, 68, 71, 79, 85, 98, 107, 134], '2.1.1': [13], 'Legal': [14, 110], 'Classes': [15], 'of': [16, 31, 57, 78, 122, 155], '2.1.2': [19], 'Characterization': [20], 'According': [21], 'to': [22], 'Heat': [23], 'Treatment': [24], '2.1.3': [25], 'Modified': [26], '2.1.4': [29], 'Packaging': [30], 'and': [34, 39, 48, 83, 89, 95, 136], 'Products': [36, 44, 72, 108, 115], '2.2': [37], 'Reconstituted': [38], 'Recombined': [40], '3': [42], '3.1': [45], 'Flavored': [46], 'Beverages': [50], '3.2': [51], 'Evaporated': [52], '(Condensed)': [53], '3.2.1': [55], 'Technology': [56], 'Concentration': [58], 'by': [59], 'Evaporation': [60], '3.2.2': [61], 'Unsweetened': [62], 'Condensed': [63, 67], '3.2.3': [65], 'Sweetened': [66], '3.3': [69], 'Dry': [70], '3.3.1': [73], 'Drying': [74], 'Processes': [75], '3.3.2': [76], 'Characteristics': [77], 'Powder.': [80], '3.3.3': [81], 'Whole': [82], 'Skim': [84], 'Powders': [86, 91, 94, 100], '3.3.4': [87], 'Butter': [88, 125, 137], 'Buttermilk': [90], '3.3.5': [92], 'Whey': [93], 'Permeates': [96], '3.3.6': [97], 'Protein': [99], '3.3.7': [101], 'Powdered': [102], 'Infant': [103], 'Formulas': [104], '3.4': [105], 'Fermented': [106, 114], '3.4.1': [109], 'Definitions': [111], '3.4.2': [112], 'Specific': [113], '3.5': [116], 'Cream': [117, 123], '3.5.1': [118], 'Production': [119, 127], '3.5.2': [120], 'Types': [121], '3.6': [124], '3.6.1': [126], '3.6.2': [128], 'Steps': [129], 'in': [130], 'Buttermaking': [131], '3.7': [132], 'Anhydrous': [133], 'Fat': [135], 'Oil': [138], '3.8': [139], 'Dairy': [140, 143], 'Spreads': [141], '3.9': [142], 'Desserts': [144], '4': [145], 'Quality': [146], 'Control': [147], '5': [148], 'Legislation': [149], '6': [150], 'Economic': [151], 'Aspects': [152], 'Acknowledgment': [153], 'List': [154], 'Abbreviations': [156], 'References': [157]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4288855743', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T23:45:36.729918', 'created_date': '2022-07-30'}