Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4283796083', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i8.20819', 'title': 'FedProto: Federated Prototype Learning across Heterogeneous Clients', 'display_name': 'FedProto: Federated Prototype Learning across Heterogeneous Clients', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-06-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4283796083', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i8.20819'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i8.20819', 'pdf_url': 'https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/20819/20578', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210191458', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence', 'issn_l': '2159-5399', 'issn': ['2159-5399', '2374-3468'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320058', 'host_organization_name': 'Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320058'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence'], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/20819/20578', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015081048', 'display_name': 'Yue Tan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-2521'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114017466', 'display_name': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03f0f6041', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yue Tan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Technology Sydney'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059227406', 'display_name': 'Guodong Long', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3740-9515'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114017466', 'display_name': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03f0f6041', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guodong Long', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Technology Sydney'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076777516', 'display_name': 'Lu Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-4586'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114017466', 'display_name': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03f0f6041', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'LU LIU', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Technology Sydney'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039076312', 'display_name': 'Tianyi Zhou', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5348-0632'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'display_name': 'University of Maryland, College Park', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047s2c258', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I201448701', 'display_name': 'University of Washington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00cvxb145', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I201448701']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tianyi Zhou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Washington\nUniversity of Maryland, College Park'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Washington\nUniversity of Maryland, College Park', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I66946132', 'https://openalex.org/I201448701']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100652461', 'display_name': 'Qinghua Lu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-1672'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I42894916', 'display_name': 'Data61', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03q397159', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1292875679', 'https://openalex.org/I2801453606', 'https://openalex.org/I42894916', 'https://openalex.org/I4387156119']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1292875679', 'display_name': 'Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qn8fb07', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1292875679', 'https://openalex.org/I2801453606', 'https://openalex.org/I4387156119']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Qinghua Lu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Data61, CSIRO'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Data61, CSIRO', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I42894916', 'https://openalex.org/I1292875679']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057139422', 'display_name': 'Jing Jiang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-7779'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114017466', 'display_name': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03f0f6041', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jing Jiang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Technology Sydney'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100438525', 'display_name': 'Chengqi Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-7154'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I114017466', 'display_name': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03f0f6041', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chengqi Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Technology Sydney'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Technology Sydney', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I114017466']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 33.249, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 224, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999875, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '36', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '8432', 'last_page': '8440'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10764', 'display_name': 'Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10764', 'display_name': 'Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning', 'display_name': 'Federated Learning', 'score': 0.66880757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark', 'display_name': 'Benchmark (surveying)', 'score': 0.6331768}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.80992985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992525071', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671', 'display_name': 'Federated learning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66880757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185798385', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707', 'display_name': 'Benchmark (surveying)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6331768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82876162', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504', 'display_name': 'Latency (audio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55288064}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777303404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757', 'display_name': 'Convergence (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5307213}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177148314', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084', 'display_name': 'Generalization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51867855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57869625', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502', 'display_name': 'Rate of convergence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43037412}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42305645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777212361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848', 'display_name': 'Class (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42143485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4092473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120314980', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634', 'display_name': 'Distributed computing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39233023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14395094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127162648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953', 'display_name': 'Channel (broadcasting)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11656755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.085002154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13280743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089', 'display_name': 'Geodesy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i8.20819', 'pdf_url': 'https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/20819/20578', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210191458', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence', 'issn_l': '2159-5399', 'issn': ['2159-5399', '2374-3468'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320058', 'host_organization_name': 'Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320058'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence'], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.00243', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.00243', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i8.20819', 'pdf_url': 'https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/20819/20578', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210191458', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence', 'issn_l': '2159-5399', 'issn': ['2159-5399', '2374-3468'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320058', 'host_organization_name': 'Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320058'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence'], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 46, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2156303437', 'https://openalex.org/W2187089797', 'https://openalex.org/W2194775991', 'https://openalex.org/W2204975001', 'https://openalex.org/W2601450892', 'https://openalex.org/W2618530766', 'https://openalex.org/W2903471046', 'https://openalex.org/W2945038936', 'https://openalex.org/W2970408908', 'https://openalex.org/W2980216952', 'https://openalex.org/W2981337066', 'https://openalex.org/W2990789643', 'https://openalex.org/W3006017224', 'https://openalex.org/W3007548213', 'https://openalex.org/W3012968339', 'https://openalex.org/W3017371741', 'https://openalex.org/W3034667787', 'https://openalex.org/W3035248288', 'https://openalex.org/W3035453001', 'https://openalex.org/W3036139671', 'https://openalex.org/W3038022836', 'https://openalex.org/W3043723611', 'https://openalex.org/W3044211235', 'https://openalex.org/W3080934299', 'https://openalex.org/W3086590218', 'https://openalex.org/W3099314130', 'https://openalex.org/W3100779497', 'https://openalex.org/W3118608800', 'https://openalex.org/W3119381431', 'https://openalex.org/W3134210100', 'https://openalex.org/W3160621243', 'https://openalex.org/W3182158470', 'https://openalex.org/W3210313187', 'https://openalex.org/W4221030344', 'https://openalex.org/W4240025398', 'https://openalex.org/W4285876308', 'https://openalex.org/W4287021126', 'https://openalex.org/W4287788058', 'https://openalex.org/W4287824952', 'https://openalex.org/W4287906413', 'https://openalex.org/W4289147229', 'https://openalex.org/W4294106961', 'https://openalex.org/W4295803813', 'https://openalex.org/W4303613606', 'https://openalex.org/W4318619660', 'https://openalex.org/W4361192893'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W972276598', 'https://openalex.org/W4321353415', 'https://openalex.org/W4246352526', 'https://openalex.org/W4230315250', 'https://openalex.org/W2745001401', 'https://openalex.org/W2378211422', 'https://openalex.org/W2130974462', 'https://openalex.org/W2087343574', 'https://openalex.org/W2086519370', 'https://openalex.org/W2028665553'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Heterogeneity': [0], 'across': [1], 'clients': [2, 28, 72, 102], 'in': [3, 22, 31, 69], 'federated': [4, 64], 'learning': [5, 66], '(FL)': [6], 'usually': [7], 'hinders': [8], 'the': [9, 16, 23, 48, 56, 71, 76, 82, 86, 96, 105, 118, 122, 127, 134, 145], 'optimization': [10], 'convergence': [11, 146], 'and': [12, 73, 93], 'generalization': [13], 'performance': [14], 'when': [15], 'aggregation': [17], 'of': [18, 33, 50, 81, 107, 148], "clients'": [19], 'knowledge': [20], 'occurs': [21], 'gradient': [24], 'space.': [25], 'For': [26], 'example,': [27], 'may': [29], 'differ': [30], 'terms': [32], 'data': [34, 124], 'distribution,': [35], 'network': [36], 'latency,': [37], 'input/output': [38], 'space,': [39], 'and/or': [40], 'model': [41], 'architecture,': [42], 'which': [43, 70], 'can': [44], 'easily': [45], 'lead': [46], 'to': [47, 58, 100, 103, 116, 133, 144], 'misalignment': [49], 'their': [51], 'local': [52, 87, 108, 123, 129], 'gradients.': [53, 83], 'To': [54], 'improve': [55], 'tolerance': [57], 'heterogeneity,': [59], 'we': [60, 139, 155], 'propose': [61, 156], 'a': [62, 141, 157], 'novel': [63], 'prototype': [65], '(FedProto)': [67], 'framework': [68], 'server': [74], 'communicate': [75], 'abstract': [77], 'class': [78], 'prototypes': [79, 88, 98, 130], 'instead': [80], 'FedProto': [84, 149, 165], 'aggregates': [85], 'collected': [89], 'from': [90], 'different': [91], 'clients,': [92], 'then': [94], 'sends': [95], 'global': [97, 136], 'back': [99], 'all': [101], 'regularize': [104], 'training': [106, 111], 'models.': [109], 'The': [110], 'on': [112, 121, 171], 'each': [113], 'client': [114], 'aims': [115], 'minimize': [117], 'classification': [119], 'error': [120], 'while': [125], 'keeping': [126], 'resulting': [128], 'sufficiently': [131], 'close': [132], 'corresponding': [135], 'ones.': [137], 'Moreover,': [138], 'provide': [140], 'theoretical': [142], 'analysis': [143], 'rate': [147], 'under': [150], 'non-convex': [151], 'objectives.': [152], 'In': [153], 'experiments,': [154], 'benchmark': [158], 'setting': [159], 'tailored': [160], 'for': [161], 'heterogeneous': [162], 'FL,': [163], 'with': [164], 'outperforming': [166], 'several': [167], 'recent': [168], 'FL': [169], 'approaches': [170], 'multiple': [172], 'datasets.': [173]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283796083', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 131}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 77}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T22:19:13.972245', 'created_date': '2022-07-05'}