Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4281706342', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00003', 'title': 'Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments in Africa: status and research opportunities', 'display_name': 'Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments in Africa: status and research opportunities', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4281706342', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00003'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00003', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22980727', 'display_name': 'Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science', 'issn_l': '1496-2551', 'issn': ['1496-2551', '1496-256X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015971445', 'display_name': 'Emmanuel Mogusu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'display_name': 'Mwenge Catholic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p03kd02', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I273065767', 'display_name': 'Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015qmyq14', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I273065767']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Emmanuel O Mogusu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'https://openalex.org/I273065767']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5098655595', 'display_name': 'Cornelius Mushumbusi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I273065767', 'display_name': 'Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015qmyq14', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I273065767']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'display_name': 'Mwenge Catholic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p03kd02', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cornelius Mushumbusi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I273065767', 'https://openalex.org/I4403386538']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059774717', 'display_name': 'Gileard Minja', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-8988'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'display_name': 'Mwenge Catholic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p03kd02', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I273065767', 'display_name': 'Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015qmyq14', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I273065767']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gileard Minja', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'https://openalex.org/I273065767']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029735249', 'display_name': 'Didas N. Kimaro', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-8026'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'display_name': 'Mwenge Catholic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p03kd02', 'country_code': None, 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I273065767', 'display_name': 'Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/015qmyq14', 'country_code': 'TZ', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I273065767']}], 'countries': ['TZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Didas Kimaro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania, Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4403386538', 'https://openalex.org/I273065767']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.085, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.304337, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 60, 'max': 70}, 'biblio': {'volume': '18', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '157', 'last_page': '168'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10753', 'display_name': 'Microplastics and Plastic Pollution', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10753', 'display_name': 'Microplastics and Plastic Pollution', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12017', 'display_name': 'Recycling and Waste Management Techniques', 'score': 0.9832, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2311', 'display_name': 'Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10661', 'display_name': 'biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties', 'score': 0.9156, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2502', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-pollution', 'display_name': 'Plastic pollution', 'score': 0.81626487}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780401329', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839919', 'display_name': 'Microplastics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.99736726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779892437', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202090', 'display_name': 'Plastic pollution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.81626487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6224432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C521259446', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734', 'display_name': 'Pollution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5137125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175327387', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3289906', 'display_name': 'Aquatic ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.509476}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82685317', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510', 'display_name': 'Pollutant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49877048}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C72958200', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053008', 'display_name': 'Trophic level', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4783118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155373166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159462', 'display_name': 'Food chain', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45360386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C526734887', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237', 'display_name': 'Environmental protection', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40289125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91375879', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274', 'display_name': 'Environmental planning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35718316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107826830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380', 'display_name': 'Environmental resource management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34030384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31235793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14431354}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00003', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22980727', 'display_name': 'Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science', 'issn_l': '1496-2551', 'issn': ['1496-2551', '1496-256X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 93, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W130517785', 'https://openalex.org/W1936293037', 'https://openalex.org/W2024428269', 'https://openalex.org/W2068766503', 'https://openalex.org/W2088937509', 'https://openalex.org/W2115378677', 'https://openalex.org/W2160916596', 'https://openalex.org/W2163500541', 'https://openalex.org/W2403600955', 'https://openalex.org/W2494196179', 'https://openalex.org/W2560906486', 'https://openalex.org/W2590604096', 'https://openalex.org/W2605908312', 'https://openalex.org/W2608611957', 'https://openalex.org/W2617824754', 'https://openalex.org/W2737217596', 'https://openalex.org/W2748628451', 'https://openalex.org/W2768247240', 'https://openalex.org/W2775434607', 'https://openalex.org/W2779672598', 'https://openalex.org/W2781746339', 'https://openalex.org/W2783507291', 'https://openalex.org/W2793163470', 'https://openalex.org/W2793554595', 'https://openalex.org/W2800226491', 'https://openalex.org/W2891401292', 'https://openalex.org/W2898174821', 'https://openalex.org/W2902983695', 'https://openalex.org/W2907529398', 'https://openalex.org/W2920904424', 'https://openalex.org/W2944094919', 'https://openalex.org/W2946473054', 'https://openalex.org/W2949276201', 'https://openalex.org/W2952576829', 'https://openalex.org/W2968080774', 'https://openalex.org/W2969736709', 'https://openalex.org/W2975557027', 'https://openalex.org/W2975790842', 'https://openalex.org/W2980926468', 'https://openalex.org/W2996684704', 'https://openalex.org/W2999690316', 'https://openalex.org/W3004021644', 'https://openalex.org/W3007644676', 'https://openalex.org/W3008170150', 'https://openalex.org/W3008436281', 'https://openalex.org/W3009149650', 'https://openalex.org/W3012320890', 'https://openalex.org/W3014729837', 'https://openalex.org/W3016247565', 'https://openalex.org/W3016296140', 'https://openalex.org/W3020900910', 'https://openalex.org/W3022448760', 'https://openalex.org/W3028655502', 'https://openalex.org/W3034205675', 'https://openalex.org/W3036733390', 'https://openalex.org/W3037159992', 'https://openalex.org/W3037218524', 'https://openalex.org/W3039106979', 'https://openalex.org/W3041000897', 'https://openalex.org/W3042041705', 'https://openalex.org/W3043123509', 'https://openalex.org/W3049447284', 'https://openalex.org/W3054828382', 'https://openalex.org/W3088552468', 'https://openalex.org/W3088652417', 'https://openalex.org/W3089305530', 'https://openalex.org/W3092806408', 'https://openalex.org/W3104043335', 'https://openalex.org/W3107057240', 'https://openalex.org/W3111216356', 'https://openalex.org/W3120680987', 'https://openalex.org/W3121857154', 'https://openalex.org/W3124451681', 'https://openalex.org/W3134147196', 'https://openalex.org/W3153370466', 'https://openalex.org/W3159389684', 'https://openalex.org/W3161413480', 'https://openalex.org/W3163997256', 'https://openalex.org/W3174409529', 'https://openalex.org/W3174932296', 'https://openalex.org/W3178294087', 'https://openalex.org/W3179761131', 'https://openalex.org/W3184352061', 'https://openalex.org/W3190853196', 'https://openalex.org/W3197736271', 'https://openalex.org/W3198367776', 'https://openalex.org/W3201316396', 'https://openalex.org/W3201455424', 'https://openalex.org/W3208038840', 'https://openalex.org/W4200002660', 'https://openalex.org/W4233108546', 'https://openalex.org/W4246658218', 'https://openalex.org/W4255791196'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389003962', 'https://openalex.org/W4386071056', 'https://openalex.org/W4385883951', 'https://openalex.org/W4382699534', 'https://openalex.org/W4362701847', 'https://openalex.org/W4360955437', 'https://openalex.org/W2991112079', 'https://openalex.org/W2955144829', 'https://openalex.org/W2899812976', 'https://openalex.org/W2107072362'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 65, 139, 184, 228], 'global': [1, 103, 108], 'demand': [2], 'for': [3, 190], 'plastics': [4, 35, 225], 'has': [5], 'increased': [6], 'majorly': [7], 'because': [8], 'of': [9, 23, 42, 67, 86, 97, 113, 128, 150, 159, 199, 224, 245], 'their': [10], 'versatility,': [11], 'light': [12], 'weight,': [13], 'strength': [14], 'and': [15, 40, 57, 71, 91, 126, 130, 157, 166, 172, 201, 233, 241], 'cost–effectiveness.': [16], 'Africa': [17], 'is': [18, 61, 99], 'ranked': [19], 'top': [20], 'in': [21, 27, 31, 53, 81, 88, 115, 134, 137, 182, 206, 209, 226, 247, 250], 'mismanagement': [22], 'plastic': [24, 29, 43, 180], 'waste,': [25], 'resulting': [26], 'the': [28, 32, 54, 58, 62, 82, 95, 106, 111, 116, 124, 151, 155, 196, 212, 222, 239], 'problem': [30], 'environment.': [33], 'Nevertheless,': [34], 'produce': [36], 'microplastics': [37, 68, 98, 114, 129, 205, 246], 'through': [38, 175, 236], 'degradation': [39], 'fragmentation': [41], 'debris': [44], 'largely': [45], 'from': [46, 143], 'anthropogenic': [47], 'sources.': [48], 'Microplastics': [49], 'have': [50], 'become': [51], 'ubiquitous': [52], 'natural': [55], 'environment,': [56, 117], 'terrestrial': [59], 'environment': [60], 'major': [63], 'source.': [64], 'propensity': [66], 'to': [69, 145, 164, 178, 193], 'adsorb': [70], 'concentrate': [72], 'persistent': [73], 'organic': [74], 'pollutants': [75], '(POPs)': [76], 'provides': [77], 'potential': [78, 242], 'health': [79, 132, 170], 'effects': [80, 133, 171, 198], 'different': [83], 'trophic': [84], 'levels': [85], 'organisms': [87], 'both': [89], 'aquatic': [90, 135, 207, 248], 'territorial': [92], 'environments.': [93], 'Thus,': [94], 'fate': [96, 240], 'increasingly': [100], 'becoming': [101], 'a': [102, 148, 188], 'concern.': [104], 'Despite': [105], 'numerous': [107], 'studies': [109], 'on': [110, 123, 154, 195, 204, 221, 238], 'impact': [112, 244], 'there': [118], 'are': [119], 'insufficient': [120], 'data': [121], 'available': [122], 'occurrence': [125, 156], 'distribution': [127, 158], 'associated': [131, 169, 197], 'ecosystems': [136], 'Africa.': [138, 183, 210, 227, 251], 'reviewed': [140], 'research': [141, 192, 237], 'articles': [142], '2000': [144], '2021': [146], 'provide': [147, 187], 'summary': [149], 'current': [152], 'knowledge': [153, 235], 'microplastics,': [160, 168], 'analytical': [161], 'approaches': [162], 'used': [163], 'detect': [165], 'quantify': [167], 'mitigation': [173], 'measures': [174], 'government': [176], 'policy': [177], 'ban': [179], 'use': [181], 'findings': [185], 'presented': [186], 'platform': [189], 'future': [191, 223], 'focus': [194], 'adsorbed': [200], 'concentrated': [202], 'POPs': [203], 'environments': [208, 249], 'With': [211], 'evidence': [213], 'presented,': [214], 'policymakers': [215], 'will': [216], 'make': [217], 'more': [218], 'informed': [219], 'decisions': [220], 'authors': [229], 'recommend': [230], 'improving': [231], 'information': [232], 'expanding': [234], 'ecological': [243]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281706342', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T05:58:57.238306', 'created_date': '2022-06-13'}