Abstract:The term "circadian" has been derived from Latin origin, wherein "circa" connotes around, and "diem" denotes day, implying around the day. Any kind of psychological, physical, and behavioral variation...The term "circadian" has been derived from Latin origin, wherein "circa" connotes around, and "diem" denotes day, implying around the day. Any kind of psychological, physical, and behavioral variations that follow a daily cycle of about 24 hours is said to display circadian rhythm (CR). Falling asleep during the night and remaining up throughout the day is an example of a CR that is linked to the sun. Organisms ranging from cyanobacteria, fungi, plants, to human beings have developed biological clocks in the form of CR to anticipate the 24-hour day. The circadian system in the case of mammals is made up of two main components: the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), placed inside the hypothalamus, and numerous peripheral clocks (PCs), located in the peripheral tissues throughout the body. SCN behaves as the master pacemaker serving the function of entrainment of the PCs spread across the body. A cell-autonomous, autoregulatory transcription–translation feedback system, which is self-governed by the cell, constitutes the underlying mechanism of mammalian circadian regulation. CLOCK and BMAL-1 are considered to be the core genes of this feedback mechanism, along with Per 1, Per 2, CRY1, and CRY2. BMAL-1 and CLOCK genes encode for transcriptional activators, which direct the expression of PER and Cryptochrome genes, protein products of which successively feedback to repress BMAL-1 and CLOCK genes.Read More
Publication Year: 2022
Publication Date: 2022-05-24
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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