Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4256565063', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18826/v1', 'title': 'Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restores intestinal barrier function', 'display_name': 'Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restores intestinal barrier function', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-12-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4256565063', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18826/v1'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18826/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9444/v1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9444/v1.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045043075', 'display_name': 'Jingtao Wu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jingtao Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034447562', 'display_name': 'Caimei He', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Caimei He', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085636073', 'display_name': 'Jie Bu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-4954'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jie Bu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040611163', 'display_name': 'Yue Luo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9021-4712'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yue Luo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100913083', 'display_name': 'Shuyuan Yang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shuyuan Yang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087465375', 'display_name': 'Chengyan Ye', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chengyan Ye', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005820319', 'display_name': 'Silei Yu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Silei Yu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027303775', 'display_name': 'Binsheng He', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-4634'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Binsheng He', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100617681', 'display_name': 'Yulong Yin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6112-6975'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yulong Yin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058860533', 'display_name': 'Xiaoping Yang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1952-7227'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'display_name': 'Hunan Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/053w1zy07', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'display_name': 'Changsha Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dt7z971', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'display_name': 'Yulin Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00445hv47', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'display_name': 'Institute of Subtropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01hh9ag93', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Xiaoping Yang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'Hunan Normal University', 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Binsheng He Changsha Medical University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yulong Yin Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China; Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China 410125.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210107235', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hunan Normal University Caimei He Hunan Normal University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5058860533'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173759888', 'https://openalex.org/I165911609', 'https://openalex.org/I27462735', 'https://openalex.org/I4210107235'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.730892, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 74, 'max': 77}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11872', 'display_name': 'Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Interactions', 'score': 0.9967, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2808', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11872', 'display_name': 'Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Interactions', 'score': 0.9967, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2808', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14144', 'display_name': 'Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'score': 0.9467, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2808', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10066', 'display_name': 'Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiome', 'score': 0.9227, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/occludin', 'display_name': 'Occludin', 'score': 0.9663291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/claudin', 'display_name': 'Claudin', 'score': 0.91655266}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/barrier-function', 'display_name': 'Barrier function', 'score': 0.855518}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/betaine', 'display_name': 'Betaine', 'score': 0.5089185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-impact', 'display_name': 'Dietary Impact', 'score': 0.459233}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775962179', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2013337', 'display_name': 'Occludin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9663291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51872919', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420863', 'display_name': 'Claudin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.91655266}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177779419', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053832', 'display_name': 'Tight junction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.898291}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127561419', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527', 'display_name': 'Downregulation and upregulation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8572062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51911345', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4863604', 'display_name': 'Barrier function', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.855518}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778754761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421804', 'display_name': 'Lipopolysaccharide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7312747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.63640475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51276475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777248517', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72052841', 'display_name': 'Betaine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5089185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2864637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2626931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16561091}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.051918596}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18826/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9444/v1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02298-3', 'pdf_url': 'https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12917-020-02298-3', 'source': None, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18826/v2', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9444/latest.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18826/v1', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-9444/v1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402450', 'display_name': 'Research Square (Research Square)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210096694', 'host_organization_name': 'Research Square (United States)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210096694'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Research Square (United States)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 15, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1554042779', 'https://openalex.org/W1962867466', 'https://openalex.org/W1971874286', 'https://openalex.org/W1993272169', 'https://openalex.org/W2002657260', 'https://openalex.org/W2003661505', 'https://openalex.org/W2056374475', 'https://openalex.org/W2134610109', 'https://openalex.org/W2141502079', 'https://openalex.org/W2159745814', 'https://openalex.org/W2211097356', 'https://openalex.org/W2568863833', 'https://openalex.org/W2734970077', 'https://openalex.org/W4243744284', 'https://openalex.org/W4251553695'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4280529994', 'https://openalex.org/W4235569626', 'https://openalex.org/W4206822066', 'https://openalex.org/W2933346405', 'https://openalex.org/W2128276650', 'https://openalex.org/W2102373138', 'https://openalex.org/W2086412362', 'https://openalex.org/W2079966013', 'https://openalex.org/W1996227425', 'https://openalex.org/W1988086405'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Background:': [1], 'The': [2, 131, 168], 'intestinal': [3, 16, 30, 124, 199, 228], 'epithelial': [4, 45, 70, 93, 99], 'barrier,': [5], 'which': [6], 'works': [7], 'as': [8, 104], 'the': [9, 15, 19, 41, 44, 51, 69, 109, 117, 137, 148, 176, 227], 'first': [10], 'line': [11], 'of': [12, 43, 50, 68, 92, 111, 120, 139, 150, 158, 178, 196, 221], 'defense': [13], 'between': [14], 'environment': [17], 'and': [18, 63, 65, 166, 183, 223, 225], 'parasitifer,': [20], 'once': [21], 'destroyed,': [22], 'it': [23], 'will': [24, 56], 'cause': [25], 'serious': [26], 'inflammation': [27], 'or': [28], 'other': [29], 'diseases.': [31], 'Tight': [32], 'junctions': [33], '(TJs)': [34], 'play': [35], 'a': [36], 'vital': [37], 'role': [38, 195], 'to': [39, 115], 'maintain': [40], 'integrity': [42, 67], 'barrier.': [46, 71], 'Lipopolysaccharide': [47], '(LPS),': [48], 'one': [49], 'most': [52], 'important': [53], 'inflammatory': [54], 'factors': [55], 'downregulate': [57], 'specific': [58], 'TJ': [59, 129], 'proteins': [60, 142, 161], 'including': [61], 'Occludin': [62, 222], 'Claudin-1': [64, 182, 224], 'impair': [66], 'Betaine': [72], '(Bet)': [73], 'has': [74, 81], 'excellent': [75], 'anti-inflammatory': [76], 'activity': [77], 'but': [78], 'whether': [79], 'Bet': [80, 121, 135, 154, 188, 197, 217], 'any': [82], 'effect': [83, 119], 'on': [84, 89, 122, 198], 'tight': [85, 140, 159, 179], 'junction': [86, 141, 160, 180], 'proteins,': [87], 'particularly': [88], 'LPS-induced': [90, 156, 219], 'dysfunction': [91], 'barriers': [94], 'remains': [95], 'unknown.': [96], 'Intestinal': [97], 'porcine': [98], 'cells': [100], '(IPEC-J2)': [101], 'were': [102], 'used': [103], 'an': [105], 'in': [106], 'vitro': [107], 'model,': [108], 'purpose': [110], 'this': [112], 'study': [113], 'is': [114], 'explore': [116], 'pharmacological': [118], 'improving': [123], 'barrier': [125, 200, 229], 'function': [126, 201], 'represented': [127], 'by': [128, 164, 204], 'proteins.Results:': [130], 'results': [132], 'demonstrated': [133, 215], 'that': [134, 173, 216], 'enhanced': [136], 'expression': [138, 149, 186], 'while': [143, 187], 'LPS(': [144], '1μg': [145], '/m': [146], 'L)downregulates': [147], 'these': [151, 191], 'proteins.': [152], 'Furthermore,': [153], 'attenuates': [155], 'decreases': [157], 'both': [162], 'shown': [163], 'WB': [165], 'RT-PCR.': [167], 'immunofluorescent': [169], 'images': [170], 'consistently': [171], 'revealed': [172], 'LPS': [174], 'induced': [175], 'disruption': [177], 'protein': [181], 'reduced': [184], 'its': [185], 'could': [189], 'reverse': [190], 'alterations.': [192], 'Similar': [193], 'protective': [194], 'was': [202], 'observed': [203], 'transepithelial': [205], 'electrical': [206], 'resistance': [207], '(TEER)': [208], 'approach.': [209], 'Conclusion:': [210], 'In': [211], 'conclusion,': [212], 'our': [213], 'research': [214], 'attenuated': [218], 'downregulation': [220], 'restored': [226], 'function.': [230]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4256565063', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-26T11:59:41.224803', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}