Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Hartmuth C. Kolb; M. G. Finn; K. Barry Sharpless
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4256503849', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::aid-anie2004>3.0.co;2-5', 'title': 'Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions', 'display_name': 'Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions', 'publication_year': 2001, 'publication_date': '2001-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4256503849', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::aid-anie2004>3.0.co;2-5', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11433435'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::aid-anie2004>3.0.co;2-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S67393510', 'display_name': 'Angewandte Chemie International Edition', 'issn_l': '1433-7851', 'issn': ['1433-7851', '1521-3773'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::aid-anie2004>3.0.co;2-5', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069275587', 'display_name': 'Hartmuth C. Kolb', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-5792'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Hartmuth C. Kolb', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Vice President of Chemistry Coelacanth Corporation East Windsor, NJ 08520 (USA)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Vice President of Chemistry Coelacanth Corporation East Windsor, NJ 08520 (USA)', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032114980', 'display_name': 'M. G. Finn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-3108'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I123431417', 'display_name': 'Scripps Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dxx6824', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I123431417']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'M. G. Finn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) Fax: (+1)\u2009858-784-7562'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) Fax: (+1)\u2009858-784-7562', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I123431417']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077401880', 'display_name': 'K. Barry Sharpless', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-1599'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I123431417', 'display_name': 'Scripps Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02dxx6824', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I123431417']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Barry Sharpless', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) Fax: (+1)\u2009858-784-7562'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) Fax: (+1)\u2009858-784-7562', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I123431417']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5069275587', 'https://openalex.org/A5032114980', 'https://openalex.org/A5077401880'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I123431417', 'https://openalex.org/I123431417'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5250, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5250, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 21.341, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 12159, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999943, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '40', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '2004', 'last_page': '2021'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11440', 'display_name': 'Click Chemistry and Applications', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11440', 'display_name': 'Click Chemistry and Applications', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10911', 'display_name': 'Chemical Synthesis and Analysis', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10252', 'display_name': 'Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis', 'score': 0.9948, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2736', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/heteroatom', 'display_name': 'Heteroatom', 'score': 0.73448515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers', 'display_name': 'Carbon fibers', 'score': 0.41722164}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C20950531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161940', 'display_name': 'Heteroatom', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.73448515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69610077', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912270', 'display_name': 'Click chemistry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7011453}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.698644}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32909587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369', 'display_name': 'Molecule', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5566001}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21951064', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212', 'display_name': 'Combinatorial chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4862996}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C521977710', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163', 'display_name': 'Polymer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47541553}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126348684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979', 'display_name': 'Polymer science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43780965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42848516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140205800', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860', 'display_name': 'Carbon fibers', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41722164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16570342}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780378348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438', 'display_name': 'Ring (chemistry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.107743114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104779481', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707', 'display_name': 'Composite number', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::aid-anie2004>3.0.co;2-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S67393510', 'display_name': 'Angewandte Chemie International Edition', 'issn_l': '1433-7851', 'issn': ['1433-7851', '1521-3773'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11433435', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::aid-anie2004>3.0.co;2-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S67393510', 'display_name': 'Angewandte Chemie International Edition', 'issn_l': '1433-7851', 'issn': ['1433-7851', '1521-3773'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 168, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1019649780', 'https://openalex.org/W1557786337', 'https://openalex.org/W1964487763', 'https://openalex.org/W1972638738', 'https://openalex.org/W1973096409', 'https://openalex.org/W1973182828', 'https://openalex.org/W1973536587', 'https://openalex.org/W1973777853', 'https://openalex.org/W1975203750', 'https://openalex.org/W1975230101', 'https://openalex.org/W1975527328', 'https://openalex.org/W1977928227', 'https://openalex.org/W1978947632', 'https://openalex.org/W1983558705', 'https://openalex.org/W1986401742', 'https://openalex.org/W1991090376', 'https://openalex.org/W1991816064', 'https://openalex.org/W1992758105', 'https://openalex.org/W1995819759', 'https://openalex.org/W1997038455', 'https://openalex.org/W1999099247', 'https://openalex.org/W1999294309', 'https://openalex.org/W2002222191', 'https://openalex.org/W2002572540', 'https://openalex.org/W2002743800', 'https://openalex.org/W2002978646', 'https://openalex.org/W2003025773', 'https://openalex.org/W2006460336', 'https://openalex.org/W2006742662', 'https://openalex.org/W2007040400', 'https://openalex.org/W2008416239', 'https://openalex.org/W2011339852', 'https://openalex.org/W2011641771', 'https://openalex.org/W2013481331', 'https://openalex.org/W2015312683', 'https://openalex.org/W2015726486', 'https://openalex.org/W2023577582', 'https://openalex.org/W2024432714', 'https://openalex.org/W2024625388', 'https://openalex.org/W2024811912', 'https://openalex.org/W2026224888', 'https://openalex.org/W2026338787', 'https://openalex.org/W2028617351', 'https://openalex.org/W2032505465', 'https://openalex.org/W2032707136', 'https://openalex.org/W2033498682', 'https://openalex.org/W2033945317', 'https://openalex.org/W2036099524', 'https://openalex.org/W2037357778', 'https://openalex.org/W2037818900', 'https://openalex.org/W2037871926', 'https://openalex.org/W2043088475', 'https://openalex.org/W2043191792', 'https://openalex.org/W2046229235', 'https://openalex.org/W2046914244', 'https://openalex.org/W2050047792', 'https://openalex.org/W2050381925', 'https://openalex.org/W2050821067', 'https://openalex.org/W2052461180', 'https://openalex.org/W2053403828', 'https://openalex.org/W2054682197', 'https://openalex.org/W2055623744', 'https://openalex.org/W2056182440', 'https://openalex.org/W2057447362', 'https://openalex.org/W2057908735', 'https://openalex.org/W2060297966', 'https://openalex.org/W2060497941', 'https://openalex.org/W2062604079', 'https://openalex.org/W2063443169', 'https://openalex.org/W2064000318', 'https://openalex.org/W2070590414', 'https://openalex.org/W2072719700', 'https://openalex.org/W2072891692', 'https://openalex.org/W2078755939', 'https://openalex.org/W2079783704', 'https://openalex.org/W2079826059', 'https://openalex.org/W2081341750', 'https://openalex.org/W2084134433', 'https://openalex.org/W2085227265', 'https://openalex.org/W2085836399', 'https://openalex.org/W2089145116', 'https://openalex.org/W2091193147', 'https://openalex.org/W2094959275', 'https://openalex.org/W2097071396', 'https://openalex.org/W2098093621', 'https://openalex.org/W2100599580', 'https://openalex.org/W2100849883', 'https://openalex.org/W2102620539', 'https://openalex.org/W2102656999', 'https://openalex.org/W2104111656', 'https://openalex.org/W2106735628', 'https://openalex.org/W2112309289', 'https://openalex.org/W2122515716', 'https://openalex.org/W2123067001', 'https://openalex.org/W2125141817', 'https://openalex.org/W2126254583', 'https://openalex.org/W2128214320', 'https://openalex.org/W2133729426', 'https://openalex.org/W2134996228', 'https://openalex.org/W2136084034', 'https://openalex.org/W2139940585', 'https://openalex.org/W2148966295', 'https://openalex.org/W2155670287', 'https://openalex.org/W2157065376', 'https://openalex.org/W2162062312', 'https://openalex.org/W2163714908', 'https://openalex.org/W2165711924', 'https://openalex.org/W2171386360', 'https://openalex.org/W2314050767', 'https://openalex.org/W2321453864', 'https://openalex.org/W2325047454', 'https://openalex.org/W2326364208', 'https://openalex.org/W2327303053', 'https://openalex.org/W2491020696', 'https://openalex.org/W2492717267', 'https://openalex.org/W2501851225', 'https://openalex.org/W2949272355', 'https://openalex.org/W2949281305', 'https://openalex.org/W2949322486', 'https://openalex.org/W2949328455', 'https://openalex.org/W2949491469', 'https://openalex.org/W2949650697', 'https://openalex.org/W2949702696', 'https://openalex.org/W2949865720', 'https://openalex.org/W2949921162', 'https://openalex.org/W2950090064', 'https://openalex.org/W2950232921', 'https://openalex.org/W2950447157', 'https://openalex.org/W2950523326', 'https://openalex.org/W2950656567', 'https://openalex.org/W2950719083', 'https://openalex.org/W2950905410', 'https://openalex.org/W2951185373', 'https://openalex.org/W2951242987', 'https://openalex.org/W2951267147', 'https://openalex.org/W2951337390', 'https://openalex.org/W2951473511', 'https://openalex.org/W2951493893', 'https://openalex.org/W2951532772', 'https://openalex.org/W2951657120', 'https://openalex.org/W2951760353', 'https://openalex.org/W2951876135', 'https://openalex.org/W2951995797', 'https://openalex.org/W2952056650', 'https://openalex.org/W2952224639', 'https://openalex.org/W2952254326', 'https://openalex.org/W2952639116', 'https://openalex.org/W2952674770', 'https://openalex.org/W2952798123', 'https://openalex.org/W2952828756', 'https://openalex.org/W2952893198', 'https://openalex.org/W2952905940', 'https://openalex.org/W2952920983', 'https://openalex.org/W2953011238', 'https://openalex.org/W2953062050', 'https://openalex.org/W2953089069', 'https://openalex.org/W2953379103', 'https://openalex.org/W3022253901', 'https://openalex.org/W308477383', 'https://openalex.org/W3088566624', 'https://openalex.org/W4205873649', 'https://openalex.org/W4205941715', 'https://openalex.org/W4211079585', 'https://openalex.org/W4211164182', 'https://openalex.org/W4253400081', 'https://openalex.org/W583321606', 'https://openalex.org/W610706053', 'https://openalex.org/W86770386'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W644757768', 'https://openalex.org/W4206829336', 'https://openalex.org/W3198116801', 'https://openalex.org/W3133685460', 'https://openalex.org/W2496188727', 'https://openalex.org/W2036956123', 'https://openalex.org/W2024238629', 'https://openalex.org/W1982306828', 'https://openalex.org/W1973744361', 'https://openalex.org/W1575852573'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Angewandte': [0], 'Chemie': [1], 'International': [2], 'EditionVolume': [3], '40,': [4], 'Issue': [5], '11': [6, 888], 'p.': [7], '2004-2021': [8], 'ReviewFree': [9], 'Access': [10], 'Click': [11, 474, 3801, 3848], 'Chemistry:': [12], 'Diverse': [13], 'Chemical': [14], 'Function': [15], 'from': [16, 410, 435, 652, 1699, 1712, 1793, 1808, 3168, 3216, 3318, 3417, 4117], 'a': [17, 262, 277, 283, 302, 359, 444, 484, 495, 592, 613, 661, 671, 682, 687, 706, 767, 826, 830, 910, 971, 986, 1171, 1263, 1309, 1344, 1370, 1408, 1434, 1527, 1546, 1579, 1584, 1588, 1663, 1800, 1835, 1890, 1920, 1926, 2079, 2115, 2209, 2215, 2285, 2334, 2359, 2371, 2474, 2584, 2595, 2615, 2635, 2734, 2803, 2808, 2816, 2830, 2854, 2878, 2958, 2997, 3071, 3179, 3329, 3335, 3499, 3568, 3632, 3654, 3708, 3760, 3764, 3835, 3858, 3910, 4096, 4125, 4133, 4145, 4201, 4303], 'Few': [18, 4351], 'Good': [19], 'Reactions': [20], 'Hartmuth': [21, 25, 113, 117], 'C.': [22, 26, 114, 118], 'Kolb': [23, 27, 115, 119], 'Dr.,': [24, 116], 'Dr.': [28, 120], 'Vice': [29, 121], 'President': [30, 122], 'of': [31, 54, 88, 123, 146, 180, 231, 241, 254, 265, 285, 294, 323, 337, 354, 395, 443, 446, 457, 486, 507, 527, 536, 550, 616, 636, 674, 723, 740, 750, 805, 813, 836, 851, 861, 864, 871, 880, 895, 913, 925, 942, 945, 950, 964, 989, 1030, 1040, 1045, 1050, 1070, 1121, 1134, 1146, 1156, 1168, 1174, 1181, 1255, 1266, 1299, 1316, 1322, 1361, 1386, 1419, 1421, 1442, 1471, 1497, 1508, 1529, 1535, 1563, 1578, 1629, 1638, 1656, 1668, 1681, 1743, 1753, 1777, 1789, 1826, 1838, 1896, 1928, 2005, 2016, 2026, 2048, 2062, 2118, 2181, 2201, 2211, 2281, 2364, 2387, 2391, 2403, 2411, 2426, 2433, 2465, 2482, 2505, 2515, 2547, 2573, 2580, 2587, 2597, 2607, 2649, 2656, 2663, 2689, 2729, 2736, 2743, 2746, 2756, 2769, 2797, 2800, 2802, 2819, 2856, 2960, 2999, 3058, 3085, 3094, 3103, 3121, 3220, 3230, 3254, 3258, 3273, 3279, 3285, 3293, 3299, 3309, 3320, 3325, 3344, 3361, 3367, 3402, 3479, 3574, 3612, 3644, 3661, 3669, 3675, 3693, 3701, 3707, 3717, 3746, 3790, 3815, 3838, 3842, 3866, 3912, 3933, 3955, 3988, 4020, 4060, 4070, 4083, 4101, 4103, 4165, 4207, 4220, 4226, 4274, 4290, 4325, 4345, 4368], 'Chemistry': [32, 55, 89, 124, 147, 181, 529, 3802], 'Coelacanth': [33, 125], 'Corporation': [34, 126], 'East': [35, 127], 'Windsor,': [36, 128], 'NJ': [37, 129], '08520': [38, 130], '(USA)Search': [39, 131], 'for': [40, 73, 107, 132, 165, 199, 320, 328, 362, 426, 453, 494, 573, 581, 664, 678, 746, 1025, 1207, 1242, 1413, 1425, 1469, 1587, 1869, 1915, 1925, 1931, 2007, 2078, 2088, 2129, 2358, 2370, 2533, 2557, 2646, 2812, 2936, 2956, 3008, 3080, 3147, 3195, 3246, 3282, 3507, 3570, 3615, 3667, 3793, 3919, 3951, 4003, 4012, 4066, 4114, 4152, 4216, 4230, 4284, 4308, 4377], 'more': [41, 74, 108, 133, 166, 200, 1163, 1212, 1547, 1664, 2519, 3841, 3865, 4339], 'papers': [42, 75, 109, 134, 167, 201], 'by': [43, 76, 110, 135, 168, 202, 315, 400, 483, 639, 781, 803, 815, 834, 886, 931, 960, 1022, 1186, 1238, 1275, 1407, 1451, 1511, 1633, 2150, 2164, 2245, 2303, 2332, 2501, 2562, 2576, 2716, 2912, 3066, 3083, 3126, 3175, 3225, 3383, 3475, 3498, 3537, 3696, 3909, 3977, 4028, 4300], 'this': [44, 77, 111, 136, 169, 203, 266, 306, 350, 516, 943, 958, 979, 1005, 1440, 1634, 1842, 2060, 2202, 2223, 3734, 3773, 3879, 3997, 4218], 'authorM.': [45, 137], 'G.': [46, 50, 138, 142], 'Finn': [47, 51, 139, 143], 'Prof.,': [48, 81, 140, 173], 'M.': [49, 141], 'Prof.': [52, 85, 144, 177], 'Department': [53, 87, 145, 179], 'The': [56, 90, 148, 182, 326, 491, 628, 1087, 1129, 1183, 1260, 1359, 1410, 1495, 1539, 1598, 2173, 2225, 2255, 2494, 2538, 2578, 2727, 2763, 2835, 2859, 2993, 3053, 3091, 3118, 3218, 3306, 3583, 3881, 4111, 4323, 4366], 'Scripps': [57, 91, 149, 183], 'Research': [58, 92, 150, 184], 'Institute': [59, 93, 151, 185], '10550': [60, 94, 152, 186], 'North': [61, 95, 153, 187], 'Torrey': [62, 96, 154, 188], 'Pines': [63, 97, 155, 189], 'Road': [64, 98, 156, 190], 'La': [65, 99, 157, 191], 'Jolla,': [66, 100, 158, 192], 'CA': [67, 101, 159, 193], '92037': [68, 102, 160, 194], '(USA)': [69, 103, 161, 195], 'Fax:': [70, 104, 162, 196], '(+1)': [71, 105, 163, 197], '858-784-7562Search': [72, 106, 164, 198], 'authorK.': [78, 170], 'Barry': [79, 83, 171, 175], 'Sharpless': [80, 84, 172, 176], 'K.': [82, 174], '[email protected]': [86, 178], 'author': [112, 204], 'First': [205], 'published:': [206], '28': [207], 'May': [208], '2001': [209], 'https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::AID-ANIE2004>3.0.CO;2-5Citations:': [210], '10,228AboutSectionsPDF': [211], 'ToolsRequest': [212], 'permissionExport': [213], 'citationAdd': [214], 'to': [215, 237, 260, 290, 497, 611, 699, 719, 790, 820, 858, 898, 907, 983, 1083, 1103, 1153, 1250, 1307, 1326, 1340, 1373, 1392, 1396, 1520, 1609, 1618, 1671, 1696, 1702, 1769, 1782, 1844, 1851, 1881, 1939, 1951, 1981, 1990, 1998, 2039, 2073, 2093, 2101, 2106, 2110, 2161, 2176, 2219, 2269, 2323, 2349, 2354, 2445, 2476, 2630, 2698, 2714, 2725, 2740, 2766, 2781, 2829, 2851, 2932, 3032, 3096, 3113, 3129, 3151, 3301, 3323, 3352, 3390, 3395, 3425, 3432, 3471, 3486, 3566, 3639, 3758, 3763, 3856, 3875, 3926, 3961, 3981, 3984, 4138, 4269, 4318, 4347, 4362], 'favoritesTrack': [216], 'citation': [217], 'ShareShare': [218], 'Give': [219], 'accessShare': [220, 223], 'full': [221], 'text': [222], 'full-text': [224, 239, 263], 'accessPlease': [225], 'review': [226], 'our': [227, 433, 728, 1063, 1198], 'Terms': [228, 251], 'and': [229, 233, 245, 252, 271, 340, 379, 390, 450, 461, 481, 562, 591, 604, 676, 686, 697, 721, 903, 974, 1028, 1037, 1131, 1166, 1192, 1200, 1240, 1278, 1296, 1416, 1427, 1432, 1462, 1492, 1518, 1567, 1627, 1660, 1691, 1747, 1773, 1804, 1846, 1853, 1872, 1958, 2010, 2036, 2050, 2055, 2125, 2184, 2193, 2206, 2248, 2271, 2277, 2296, 2311, 2351, 2421, 2441, 2443, 2457, 2484, 2564, 2617, 2640, 2673, 2906, 3012, 3041, 3098, 3131, 3162, 3241, 3288, 3291, 3364, 3392, 3412, 3419, 3428, 3430, 3457, 3467, 3576, 3664, 3721, 3754, 3907, 3944, 3964, 3972, 4002, 4022, 4031, 4074, 4143, 4169, 4187, 4205, 4277, 4286, 4327, 4356], 'Conditions': [230, 253], 'Use': [232], 'check': [234], 'box': [235], 'below': [236, 259], 'share': [238, 261, 1752], 'version': [240, 264], 'article.I': [242], 'have': [243, 714, 1092, 1098, 1125, 1189, 1202, 1209, 1404, 1740, 1748, 2012, 2197, 2207, 2642, 3171, 3811, 3892], 'read': [244], 'accept': [246], 'the': [247, 257, 316, 329, 341, 404, 427, 441, 454, 508, 525, 534, 557, 570, 588, 667, 747, 794, 817, 859, 868, 872, 892, 896, 905, 914, 923, 939, 961, 965, 975, 1014, 1019, 1023, 1068, 1080, 1118, 1143, 1154, 1204, 1226, 1294, 1300, 1305, 1314, 1320, 1323, 1333, 1349, 1375, 1383, 1422, 1452, 1476, 1498, 1522, 1532, 1559, 1576, 1592, 1603, 1610, 1620, 1625, 1630, 1643, 1653, 1679, 1732, 1736, 1750, 1787, 1824, 1827, 1861, 1886, 1894, 1909, 1992, 2014, 2046, 2112, 2127, 2144, 2199, 2264, 2279, 2312, 2379, 2384, 2400, 2427, 2477, 2480, 2485, 2502, 2513, 2545, 2571, 2605, 2623, 2647, 2661, 2674, 2683, 2687, 2690, 2696, 2709, 2717, 2721, 2730, 2744, 2758, 2770, 2787, 2798, 2884, 2893, 2903, 2920, 2984, 3005, 3026, 3033, 3049, 3056, 3067, 3076, 3108, 3127, 3148, 3265, 3271, 3277, 3283, 3289, 3315, 3339, 3362, 3409, 3441, 3462, 3476, 3480, 3487, 3513, 3520, 3538, 3545, 3571, 3613, 3641, 3650, 3658, 3685, 3697, 3705, 3718, 3722, 3729, 3742, 3752, 3788, 3794, 3806, 3816, 3843, 3867, 3872, 3898, 3915, 3927, 3930, 3952, 3956, 3985, 4004, 4009, 4058, 4063, 4068, 4104, 4203, 4212, 4227, 4248, 4334, 4342, 4359], 'Wiley': [248], 'Online': [249], 'Library': [250], 'UseShareable': [255], 'LinkUse': [256], 'link': [258], 'article': [267], 'with': [268, 505, 634, 753, 765, 1170, 1823, 1879, 2139, 2143, 2169, 2594, 2651, 2785, 2946, 3178, 3203, 3374, 4106, 4194, 4311], 'your': [269], 'friends': [270], 'colleagues.': [272], 'Learn': [273], 'more.Copy': [274], 'URL': [275], 'Share': [276], 'linkShare': [278], 'onFacebookTwitterLinked': [279], 'InRedditWechat': [280], 'Abstract': [281, 352], 'Just': [282], 'handful': [284, 485, 3057, 3789], 'good': [286, 594, 2138, 4235], 'reactions': [287, 331, 382, 452, 713, 776, 2327, 2366, 2377, 2410, 3311, 3376, 3415, 3449, 3459, 3586, 3680, 3792, 3817, 3849, 3884, 4025, 4196, 4229, 4237], 'are': [288, 347, 383, 392, 415, 502, 512, 623, 763, 777, 953, 1062, 1101, 1108, 1116, 1223, 1332, 1356, 1561, 1767, 1780, 1874, 1900, 1944, 1976, 2104, 2134, 2498, 2511, 2583, 2591, 2694, 2865, 2951, 2969, 2978, 2981, 3019, 3025, 3055, 3075, 3100, 3123, 3377, 3385, 3421, 3440, 3587, 3627, 3770, 3936, 3975, 4026, 4036, 4150, 4255, 4262], 'needed': [289, 3757], 'assemble': [291, 1770], 'vast': [292], 'numbers': [293], 'highly': [295, 448, 901, 2356, 2866, 2970, 3413, 3690, 4080, 4257, 4304], 'diverse': [296, 2652, 3180, 3286], 'organic': [297, 724, 731, 1009, 1096, 1195, 1645, 1755, 2535, 2750, 3089, 3831, 3886, 3902, 3934, 4343], 'molecules.': [298], '(The': [299], 'graphic': [300], 'shows': [301], 'simple': [303, 619, 2260, 2297], 'example.)': [304], 'Yet,': [305], 'easily': [307, 513, 1698, 2123, 2294], 'accessible': [308, 3037], 'structural': [309, 603, 1399], 'universe': [310], 'has': [311, 693, 736, 1141, 1270, 1369, 1485, 1649, 2488, 3334, 3904, 4144, 4179], 'not': [312, 1043, 1117, 1271, 1687, 1901, 1964, 2252, 2681, 2778, 3596, 3776, 4047, 4192], 'been': [313, 716, 1272, 1405, 3172, 3905], 'mined': [314], 'medicinal': [317, 2151], 'chemistry': [318, 475, 500, 545, 596, 608, 649, 743, 2425, 2639, 2672, 2679, 2748, 3248, 3278, 3369, 3404, 3563, 3711, 3821, 4336], 'community': [319], 'its': [321, 899, 1682, 4139, 4166], 'nuggets': [322], 'desirable': [324, 2131], 'function.': [325, 2081], 'requirements': [327], 'best': [330, 976, 1081, 1980, 3979, 4213, 4228], 'that': [332, 343, 372, 380, 511, 730, 758, 1004, 1091, 1123, 1160, 1219, 1347, 1478, 1484, 1591, 1602, 1766, 1779, 1892, 1899, 2068, 2091, 2103, 2114, 2126, 2187, 2214, 2241, 2287, 2325, 3105, 3714, 3772, 3813, 3818, 3883, 3929, 3991, 4044, 4057, 4183, 4266, 4315, 4331, 4373], 'can': [333, 1124, 2121, 2242, 2760, 3891], 'be': [334, 800, 1327, 1678, 1688, 1694, 1923, 2040, 2099, 2122, 2220, 2228, 2243, 2249, 2267, 2302, 2315, 2355, 2761, 3187, 3353, 3597, 3620, 3637, 3682, 3726, 3749, 3876, 4055], 'employed,': [335], 'examples': [336, 506, 2755, 3102], 'such': [338, 1583, 1919, 1972, 2140, 2306, 2415, 2430, 2452, 2901, 2967, 3235, 3920], 'processes,': [339, 3591], 'philosophy': [342], 'underlies': [344], 'their': [345, 2329, 3226, 3396, 3400, 3422, 4239, 4259, 4378], 'use': [346, 1069, 2280, 4059], 'discussed': [348, 1000], 'in': [349, 385, 539, 565, 632, 738, 793, 856, 957, 978, 1011, 1142, 1304, 1343, 1366, 1378, 1455, 1515, 1716, 1908, 1960, 2045, 2075, 2190, 2222, 2231, 2508, 2749, 2882, 2887, 2892, 2899, 2983, 2990, 3002, 3021, 3038, 3042, 3062, 3209, 3328, 3357, 3378, 3544, 3551, 3631, 3649, 3684, 3728, 3803, 3826, 3829, 3853, 3878, 3888, 3901, 3942, 4122, 4163, 4198, 4238, 4341], 'review.': [351], 'Examination': [353], "nature's": [355, 376, 436, 547, 647, 741, 2157, 2701], 'favorite': [356, 1221], 'molecules': [357, 414, 752, 879, 1122, 1169, 1184, 2102, 2120, 3935], 'reveals': [358], 'striking': [360, 2684], 'preference': [361], 'making': [363, 1790, 4115], 'carbon–heteroatom': [364, 401, 1764, 1839], 'bonds': [365, 538, 762, 1898, 1975, 2556, 2561, 2569, 2575, 2864, 2977, 3018, 3120, 3372], 'over': [366], 'carbon–carbon': [367, 537, 761, 1112, 1745, 2446, 2522, 2963], 'bonds—surely': [368], 'no': [369, 1217, 2282, 2974, 3523], 'surprise': [370, 1218], 'given': [371, 1345, 2713, 3007], 'carbon': [373, 559, 589, 3136, 3213], 'dioxide': [374], 'is': [375, 476, 546, 579, 609, 727, 744, 884, 917, 969, 981, 1042, 1074, 1216, 1248, 1313, 1430, 1475, 1502, 1572, 1582, 1601, 1615, 1647, 1706, 1720, 1722, 1759, 1798, 1834, 1857, 1913, 1979, 1987, 2175, 2288, 2321, 2531, 2541, 2613, 2720, 2738, 2775, 2818, 2889, 3222, 3261, 3312, 3406, 3512, 3527, 3535, 3542, 3564, 3581, 3609, 3775, 3834, 4000, 4008, 4046, 4091, 4124, 4132, 4156, 4175, 4182, 4210, 4316], 'starting': [377, 1911, 1956, 2275, 2496, 3029, 3078, 3182, 3416], 'material': [378, 3183], 'most': [381, 1015, 1035, 1093, 1227, 1350, 1708, 1729, 1818, 2380, 2534, 3027, 3263, 3743, 4184, 4319], 'performed': [384, 4197], 'water.': [386, 4199], 'Nucleic': [387], 'acids,': [388], 'proteins,': [389], 'polysaccharides': [391], 'condensation': [393, 875, 1761], 'polymers': [394, 630], 'small': [396, 1794, 2166, 2585], 'subunits': [397], 'stitched': [398], 'together': [399, 2168], 'bonds.': [402, 1113, 2523, 2987], 'Even': [403, 3622], '35': [405, 618], 'or': [406, 833, 1246, 1481, 1903, 1934, 1937, 2284, 2293, 2309, 3629, 3646, 3840, 3864, 4039, 4119, 4297], 'so': [407, 967, 1338, 1446, 2708, 3598, 3777, 4043], 'building': [408, 620, 1795, 1814, 3214], 'blocks': [409, 1815, 3060, 3215], 'which': [411, 578, 622, 645, 994, 1100, 1605, 1962, 2551, 2590, 2908, 3347, 3450, 3518, 3541, 3949, 4174], 'these': [412, 788, 1115, 1256, 1367, 2365, 2581, 3022, 3197, 3310, 3994], 'crucial': [413, 1599, 3266, 3795], 'made': [416, 514, 1406, 3373, 3495], 'each': [417, 665], 'contain,': [418], 'at': [419, 477, 689, 1553, 1558, 1817, 2042, 2052, 2135, 2570, 2686, 2794, 2825, 2844, 3115, 3270, 3653, 4087], 'most,': [420], 'six': [421, 1506, 1819], 'contiguous': [422, 1111, 1744, 1820], 'C−C': [423, 551, 1821, 1882, 1897, 1968, 1974, 1995, 2548, 2554, 2559, 2567, 2731, 2772, 2789, 2805, 2879, 2922, 2944, 2976, 2994, 3017, 3446, 3509, 3525, 3557], 'bonds,': [424, 1746, 1822, 2448, 2950], 'except': [425], 'three': [428, 1775, 1828, 3647], 'aromatic': [429, 1829, 2436, 3434], 'amino': [430, 1830], 'acids.': [431, 1831], 'Taking': [432], 'cue': [434], 'approach,': [437], 'we': [438, 470, 1002, 2066, 2083, 2159, 2362, 2723, 3170, 3190, 3769, 3810, 3922, 4223], 'address': [439], 'here': [440, 2085], 'development': [442, 924, 1482, 1493, 1565, 3660], 'set': [445, 2180, 2210, 3745], 'powerful,': [447, 519, 2182], 'reliable,': [449], 'selective': [451, 643, 1863, 2357, 2598, 2664, 3699], 'rapid': [455, 748, 1164, 3572], 'synthesis': [456, 732, 1010, 1041, 1208, 1418, 1534, 1552, 1568, 1589, 1607, 1646, 1669, 1891, 1921, 1997, 2536, 2648, 2704], 'useful': [458, 1060, 1126, 2221, 2602, 2961, 3087, 4151], 'new': [459, 751, 990, 1046, 2558, 2566, 3016, 3135, 3201, 3445, 3524, 3575], 'compounds': [460, 1205, 1280, 1424, 2141], 'combinatorial': [462, 1802, 1932], 'libraries': [463], 'through': [464, 3296, 3491], 'heteroatom': [465, 2170], 'links': [466, 2171, 2911, 2935, 2940], '(C−X−C),': [467], 'an': [468, 540, 796, 821, 2178, 2741, 2928, 3492, 3516, 3830, 4048, 4160, 4270], 'approach': [469, 1006, 2203, 3451], 'call': [471, 3923], '“click': [472, 2204], 'chemistry”.': [473], 'once': [478], 'defined,': [479, 4265], 'enabled,': [480], 'constrained': [482], 'nearly': [487, 1554, 1594, 3244], 'perfect': [488, 571, 3101, 3245, 4010], '“spring-loaded”': [489, 2369], 'reactions.': [490, 3560, 4033, 4365], 'stringent': [492, 2212], 'criteria': [493, 2213], 'process': [496, 819, 906, 1360, 1564, 1655, 2216, 2257, 2265, 2843, 3506], 'earn': [498], 'click': [499, 2326, 2747, 3247, 3274, 3345, 3368, 3375, 3403, 3562, 3585, 3710, 3820, 4024, 4195, 4236, 4252, 4335], 'status': [501], 'described': [503], 'along': [504], 'molecular': [509, 3578], 'frameworks': [510, 1099], 'using': [515, 3460], 'spartan,': [517], 'but': [518, 567, 701, 891, 1048, 1985, 2398, 2461, 2777, 2822, 3592, 3741, 4178, 4313], 'synthetic': [520, 1072, 1095, 1158, 1194, 1289, 1380, 1472, 1754, 2086, 2620, 3034, 3766], 'strategy.': [521], '1.': [522], 'Introduction:': [523], 'Beyond': [524], 'Paradigm': [526], 'Carbonyl': [528, 543, 607, 3381], 'Life': [530], 'on': [531, 705, 1319, 1569, 1624, 1652, 1860, 2614, 2626, 2669, 2676, 2848, 3070, 3314, 3589, 3678], 'Earth': [532], 'requires': [533, 1893, 3713], 'construction': [535, 1895], 'aqueous': [541, 3889], 'environment.': [542], '(aldol)': [544], 'primary': [548, 1733], 'engine': [549], 'bond': [552, 1883, 1969, 1996, 2375, 2549, 2732, 2773, 2790, 2806, 2923, 2964, 2995, 3447, 3510, 3526, 3540, 3558], 'formation.': [553, 1884], 'Not': [554], 'only': [555, 766, 1076, 1119, 1949, 2027, 2238, 3605, 3787], 'do': [556, 709, 1963], 'requisite': [558], 'electrophiles': [560, 2414, 3260, 3967], '(carbonyls)': [561], 'nucleophiles': [563], 'coexist': [564], 'water,': [566, 3855, 3943], 'water': [568, 2049, 3827, 3999, 4045, 4061, 4108, 4123], 'provides': [569, 1545, 2927, 3281], 'environment': [572], 'proton': [574], 'shuttling': [575], 'among': [576, 1225], 'reactants,': [577, 3868], 'required': [580, 670, 1412, 1505, 2256, 2330], 'reversible': [582, 1760, 2670, 4013], 'carbonyl': [583, 595, 648, 742, 1148, 2424, 2671, 3465, 3472, 4014], 'chemistry.': [584, 725, 3275, 4015], 'With': [585, 681, 2059, 3657], 'CO2': [586], 'as': [587, 642, 703, 734, 841, 849, 985, 999, 1139, 1284, 2137, 2142, 2291, 2307, 2367, 2416, 2431, 2453, 2473, 2611, 2733, 2902, 2942, 2996, 3228, 3236, 3869, 3871, 3970, 4159, 4234], 'source': [590, 988], 'few': [593, 683, 3410, 3442], 'based': [597, 650, 2543, 2610, 3588], 'reaction': [598, 946, 2226, 2261, 2905, 3761, 4082, 4253, 4329], 'themes,': [599], 'nature': [600, 692, 1726, 1797, 1833, 3308], 'achieves': [601, 1805, 3689], 'astonishing': [602, 1806], 'functional': [605, 1032, 4279, 4321], 'diversity.': [606], 'used': [610, 1768, 4354], 'make': [612, 1982, 2852], 'modest': [614, 768, 3116], 'collection': [615], 'approximately': [617, 887, 2845], 'blocks,': [621, 1796], 'then': [624, 1417, 2592], 'assembled': [625], 'into': [626, 654, 992, 2600, 2807, 3200, 4333], 'biopolymers.': [627], 'enzymatic': [629], 'serve,': [631], 'concert': [633], 'increments': [635], 'energy': [637, 2514, 2624, 2875, 2885, 3233, 3322, 3327, 3756], 'provided': [638, 938, 3536, 3779], 'adenosine': [640], 'triphosphate,': [641], 'catalysts': [644, 1864], 'prevent': [646], 'syntheses': [651, 1277, 1389, 2504, 3692], 'collapsing': [653], 'chaos.': [655], 'Since': [656, 3561], 'many': [657, 1110, 1279, 3043, 3814, 3916, 4225], 'biosynthetic': [658], 'pathways': [659], 'require': [660, 1965], 'unique': [662, 3765], 'enzyme': [663, 3702], 'step,': [666, 3634], 'enzyme-control': [668], 'strategy': [669, 1788], 'heavy': [672], 'investment': [673], 'time': [675, 696, 1411], 'resources': [677, 698], 'catalyst': [679], 'development.': [680], 'billion': [684], 'years': [685, 921, 1507, 4349], 'planet': [688], 'her': [690, 1728], 'disposal,': [691], 'had': [694], 'both': [695, 1516, 2191, 4149], 'spare,': [700], 'we,': [702], 'chemists': [704, 1097, 1461], 'human': [707], 'timescale,': [708], 'not.': [710], 'Nevertheless,': [711, 1575], 'carbonyl-based': [712, 2503, 2703, 3444, 3505], 'always': [715, 1190, 1595], 'profoundly': [717], 'appealing': [718], 'students': [720], 'practitioners': [722, 963], 'It': [726, 2320, 3185], 'contention': [729], 'conducted,': [733], 'it': [735, 968, 1140, 1215, 1292, 1335, 1504, 1705, 1758, 1978, 1986, 2069, 2487, 2612, 3635, 4007, 4053], 'been,': [737], 'imitation': [739], 'ill-suited': [745], 'discovery': [749, 1165, 1460, 1709, 2090], 'desired': [754, 818, 1172, 2080, 3709], 'properties.': [755, 1086, 1175], 'Many': [756, 2966], 'transformations': [757, 2801, 3249, 3405, 4289], 'form': [759, 941], '“new”': [760, 1973, 2975], 'endowed': [764, 3174], 'thermodynamic': [769, 2336], 'driving': [770, 2337, 2957, 3337, 3533, 4098], 'force.': [771], 'In': [772, 1640, 2634, 3601, 3996], 'particular,': [773], 'equilibrium': [774], '“aldol”': [775], 'often': [778, 802, 1357, 1573, 3823, 3850, 3945], 'energetically': [779], 'favorable': [780, 837, 2824, 4081], 'less': [782, 1809, 1876, 1945], 'than': [783, 1810, 2341, 2877, 2954, 3828, 3897, 4095], '3': [784, 1259, 2943, 4016], 'kcal': [785, 889, 2343, 2871, 3003, 3531], 'mol−1.1': [786], 'For': [787, 4293], 'processes': [789, 1762, 2346, 2582, 2900, 2968, 3104, 3900, 4035, 4374], 'reach': [791, 1397], 'completion': [792, 908, 2350], 'laboratory,': [795], 'additional': [797], '“push”': [798], 'must': [799, 1922, 2098, 2217, 2227, 2314], 'provided,': [801], 'application': [804], 'Le': [806], "Chatelier's": [807], 'principle': [808], '(for': [809, 824, 876, 1905], 'example,': [810, 825, 877, 1065, 1906, 2813, 4294], 'azeotropic': [811], 'removal': [812, 4206], 'water),': [814, 2272], 'coupling': [816], 'exothermic': [822, 902], 'co-reaction': [823], 'strong': [827, 831], '“base”': [828], '+': [829], '“acid”),': [832], 'virtue': [835], 'entropic': [838], 'considerations': [839, 4246], '(such': [840, 848, 2290], 'intramolecular': [842], 'ring': [843], 'closure)': [844], 'without': [845, 2918], 'enthalpic': [846], 'penalties': [847], 'formation': [850, 2432, 3511], 'strained': [852, 2412], 'rings).': [853], 'Thus,': [854, 1832, 2604, 3153, 3276], 'due': [855, 3485, 4137], 'effect': [857], 'loss': [860], 'one': [862, 1692, 1700, 1948, 2094, 2667, 3047, 3141, 3606, 3780, 3839, 3863, 4102, 4314], '“equivalent”': [863], 'ester,': [865], 'resonance': [866], 'stabilization,': [867], 'first': [869, 3651], 'step': [870, 3333], 'intermolecular': [873, 3350, 3443, 3508, 3556, 3796], 'Claisen': [874], 'two': [878, 2691, 2947, 3624, 3645, 3808, 4084], 'ethyl': [881], 'acetate→ethyl': [882], 'acetoacetate+ethanol),': [883], 'endothermic': [885], 'mol−1,': [890], 'next': [893], 'step—deprotonation': [894], 'β-ketoester': [897], 'enolate—is': [900], 'drives': [904], 'when': [909, 1394, 1718, 3604, 3623, 3862, 3939], 'stoichiometric': [911], 'amount': [912], 'alkoxide': [915], 'base': [916], 'provided.': [918], 'Approximately': [919], '30': [920], 'ago': [922], 'kinetically': [926], 'controlled': [927], 'enolate': [928], 'chemistry,': [929, 1149, 2407, 3346], 'enabled': [930], 'even': [932, 1252, 1348, 2952, 3393, 3496, 3672, 3861], 'stronger': [933, 3497], 'bases': [934], 'like': [935], 'lithium': [936], 'diisopropylamide,': [937], 'ultimate': [940, 3077], 'type': [944], 'control.': [947], 'Natural': [948], 'products': [949, 1090, 1136, 1268, 1331, 2579], 'bewildering': [951], 'complexity': [952, 1020], 'synthesized': [954, 2658], 'almost': [955, 2528], 'routinely': [956], 'manner': [959], 'elite': [962], 'art,': [966], 'obviously': [970], 'powerful': [972, 1585], 'strategy,': [973, 2621], 'work': [977, 2188], 'area': [980], 'fascinating': [982], 'study': [984], 'rich': [987], 'insights': [991], 'factors': [993], 'affect': [995], 'chemical': [996, 2388], 'reactivity.': [997], 'However,': [998, 1114, 2524, 3704], 'below,': [1001], 'believe': [1003], 'ultimately': [1007], 'pulls': [1008], 'troubling': [1012], 'directions,': [1013], 'insidious': [1016], 'problem': [1017], 'being': [1018, 1281, 1713, 2368, 2527], 'engendered': [1021], 'need': [1024, 3595], 'global': [1026], 'protection': [1027], 'deprotection': [1029], 'protic': [1031], 'groups.': [1033, 4280, 4322], '“The': [1034], 'fundamental': [1036], 'lasting': [1038], 'objective': [1039], 'production': [1044, 1049, 1167, 1570], 'compounds,': [1047, 3382, 3473], 'properties.”': [1051], 'George': [1052], 'S.': [1053], 'Hammond,': [1054], 'Norris': [1055], 'Award': [1056], 'Lecture,': [1057], '1968': [1058], 'If': [1059, 1662, 1971], 'properties': [1061], 'goal—for': [1064], 'better': [1066, 1423, 1988, 2953, 3825], 'pharmaceuticals—then': [1067], 'complicated': [1071, 3670], 'strategies': [1073, 1159, 2645], 'justified': [1075], 'if': [1077, 1918, 1947, 3046, 3189], 'they': [1078, 3074], 'provide': [1079, 3567], 'way': [1082, 1436, 1644, 2931, 4361], 'achieve': [1084, 2328], 'those': [1085], 'bioactive': [1088], 'natural': [1089, 1135, 1230, 1267, 1330, 2525, 3155, 3164, 3836], 'intrigued': [1094], 'difficult': [1102, 1276, 1379, 1551], 'construct': [1104], 'largely': [1105, 1858], 'because': [1106, 2973], 'there': [1107], 'too': [1109, 1714], 'kinds': [1120], 'biological': [1127, 2132, 3205, 3617, 3655], 'effects.': [1128], 'long': [1130, 1339, 1435], 'admirable': [1132], 'history': [1133], 'synthesis,': [1137], 'culminating': [1138], 'protection-laden': [1144], 'schemes': [1145], 'kinetic': [1147], 'perhaps': [1150], 'blinds': [1151], 'us': [1152, 2715, 3114], 'possibility': [1155], 'developing': [1157], 'enable': [1161], 'much': [1162, 1875, 4093], 'profile': [1173], '2.': [1176, 3064], 'A': [1177, 4079, 4172], '“Process': [1178], 'Chemistry”': [1179, 2155], 'Point': [1180], 'View': [1182], 'produced': [1185, 1237], 'living': [1187, 3176], 'systems': [1188, 3177, 3319, 3324], 'fascinated': [1191], 'inspired': [1193], 'chemists.': [1196, 2152], 'As': [1197, 1704, 4200], 'skills': [1199], 'tools': [1201], 'advanced,': [1203], 'chosen': [1206, 4376], 'become': [1210], 'ever': [1211, 1232], 'challenging.': [1213], 'So': [1214], "today's": [1220], 'targets': [1222], 'found': [1224, 3812], 'diabolically': [1228], 'complex': [1229, 1310, 1457, 1606, 1636, 3694], 'substances': [1231, 2163, 2650, 3202, 3695], 'discovered—the': [1233], 'various': [1234], 'secondary': [1235, 1738], 'metabolites': [1236, 1739], 'plants': [1239], 'microorganisms': [1241], 'self-defense.': [1243], 'No': [1244, 3015], 'expense': [1245, 2572], 'effort': [1247, 1510], 'spared': [1249], 'synthesize': [1251, 1341], 'minute': [1253], 'quantities': [1254, 3040], 'extraordinary': [1257], 'molecules.2,': [1258], 'pharmaceutical': [1261, 1443, 2478], 'industry,': [1262, 2479], 'direct': [1264, 3759], 'scion': [1265], 'chemistry,4': [1269], 'put': [1273], 'off': [1274], 'explored': [1282], 'today': [1283], 'drug': [1285, 1311, 1581, 1657, 2018, 2089], 'candidates': [1286, 1377, 2019], 'represent': [1287], 'substantial': [1288, 2831, 3500], 'challenges.5': [1290], 'While': [1291, 1735], 'sharpens': [1293], 'skill': [1295], 'fraternal': [1297], 'esteem': [1298], 'research': [1301, 1444, 1513], 'team,': [1302], 'implicit': [1303], 'decision': [1306], 'pursue': [1308], 'target': [1312, 1458, 2146], 'acceptance': [1315], 'enormous': [1317, 2849, 4180], 'constraints': [1318], 'scope': [1321], 'structure': [1324, 2063], 'space': [1325, 2064], 'explored.': [1328], 'When': [1329], 'models,': [1334], 'usually': [1336, 2339, 4092, 4157], 'takes': [1337, 1445], 'analogues': [1342], 'series': [1346, 1483, 1701], 'ambitious': [1351], 'exploratory': [1352], 'efforts,': [1353], 'viewed': [1354], 'objectively,': [1355], 'superficial.': [1358], 'probing': [1362, 1415], 'structure–activity': [1363], 'relationships': [1364], '(SAR)': [1365], 'situations': [1368, 3990], 'perverse': [1371], 'tendency': [1372], 'discover': [1374], '“best”': [1376], 'territory,': [1381], 'near': [1382, 3686], 'outer': [1384], 'limits': [1385], '“accessibility.”': [1387], 'Difficult': [1388], 'also': [1390, 1799, 2352, 2399, 2462], 'tend': [1391, 2353], 'arise': [1393, 3992], 'trying': [1395], 'patentable': [1398], 'territory': [1400], 'after': [1401, 1531], 'original': [1402], 'discoveries': [1403], 'competitor.': [1409], 'SAR': [1414, 1490, 1935], 'enough': [1420], 'pharmacokinetic': [1426], 'toxicity': [1428], 'profiling': [1429], 'staggering,': [1431], 'goes': [1433], 'toward': [1437], 'explaining': [1438], 'why': [1439], 'phase': [1441, 1632], 'long.': [1447], 'And': [1448], 'yet,': [1449], 'buoyed': [1450], 'eventual': [1453], 'success': [1454, 3706], 'obtaining': [1456], 'structures,': [1459], 'top': [1463], 'executives': [1464], 'alike': [1465], 'display': [1466, 3292], 'little': [1467, 2071, 4176], 'concern': [1468], 'issues': [1470, 1562], 'accessibility.': [1473], 'Ignored': [1474], 'fact': [1477, 3882, 4249], 'any': [1479, 3602, 3740], 'lead': [1480], 'supply': [1486], 'problems': [1487], 'risks': [1488], 'inadequate': [1489], 'conclusions': [1491], 'decisions.': [1494], 'story': [1496], 'carbapenem': [1499], 'antibiotic': [1500], 'thienamycin6–8': [1501], 'illustrative:': [1503], 'superb': [1509, 4134], 'several': [1512], 'groups': [1514, 4190, 4209], 'industry': [1517, 2540, 2837, 3069], 'academia': [1519], 'develop': [1521, 2177], 'final': [1523, 1611], 'therapeutic': [1524], 'agent': [1525], '(meropenem,9': [1526], 'derivative': [1528], 'thienamycin)': [1530], 'initial': [1533, 3616], 'thienamycin': [1536], 'was': [1537, 4358], 'published.10a': [1538], 'AIDS': [1540], 'protease': [1541], 'inhibitor': [1542], 'Crixivan': [1543], '(indinavir)': [1544], 'recent': [1548], 'example—a': [1549], 'very': [1550, 2234], 'commodity-chemical': [1555], 'scale.10b': [1556], 'Only': [1557], 'end': [1560], 'considered,': [1566], 'scale': [1571], 'expensive.': [1574], 'prospect': [1577], 'blockbuster': [1580], 'motivator': [1586], 'team': [1590], 'job': [1593], 'gets': [1596], 'done.': [1597], 'point': [1600], 'cost': [1604], 'adds': [1608], 'drug,': [1612], 'while': [1613, 3138], 'substantial,': [1614], 'insignificant': [1616], 'compared': [1617], 'all': [1619, 2096, 2980, 3086, 3716], '“hidden”': [1621], 'costs': [1622, 1676], 'imposed': [1623], 'speed': [1626, 4363], 'quality': [1628], 'discovery/development': [1631], 'same': [1635, 3899, 4005], 'style': [1637, 1667, 2705, 2712, 4219], 'synthesis.': [1639, 2751, 4221], 'other': [1641, 2675, 4278, 4320], 'words,': [1642], 'done': [1648], 'pervasive': [1650], 'effects': [1651], 'entire': [1654], 'discovery,': [1658], 'development,': [1659], 'manufacture.': [1661], 'modular,': [1665, 2229, 2616], 'faster': [1666, 4094], 'were': [1670, 4338, 4353, 4375], 'prove': [1672], 'effective,': [1673], 'lower': [1674, 3326], 'manufacturing': [1675], 'should': [1677, 1686, 1693, 2266, 2680, 3636, 4054], 'least': [1680, 2136, 3463], 'benefits.': [1683], 'Lead': [1684], 'structures': [1685, 2147, 3111], 'synthetically': [1689], '“precious”,': [1690], 'able': [1695, 3980], 'jump': [1697], 'another.': [1703], 'now,': [1707], 'endeavors': [1710], 'suffer': [1711], 'invested': [1715], 'structure,': [1717], 'function': [1719], 'what': [1721, 3262], 'sought.': [1723], 'Consider': [1724], 'how': [1725, 2757], 'synthesizes': [1727], 'important': [1730, 2322, 4018], 'molecules,': [1731], 'metabolites.': [1734], 'aforementioned': [1737], 'extensive': [1741], 'networks': [1742], 'claimed': [1749], "lion's": [1751], "chemists'": [1756], 'attention,': [1757], 'involving': [1763], 'connections': [1765, 3351], 'polynucleotides,': [1771], 'polypeptides,': [1772], 'polysaccharides—the': [1774], 'families': [1776], 'macromolecules': [1778], 'central': [1781, 2739], 'life': [1783, 2638], 'processes.': [1784, 3023, 3995, 4154], 'By': [1785], 'embracing': [1786], 'large': [1791, 3039], 'oligomers': [1792], 'consummate': [1801], 'chemist11': [1803], 'diversity': [1807, 1856, 2117], '40': [1811], 'monomers.': [1812], 'These': [1813, 4034, 4245], 'contain': [1816], 'exception': [1825, 3517], 'promiscuous': [1836], 'creator': [1837], 'connections,': [1840], 'choosing': [1841], 'method': [1843, 4113], 'encode': [1845], 'express': [1847], 'information.': [1848], "Nature's": [1849], 'ability': [1850, 2697], 'create': [1852, 3133], 'control': [1854, 2662, 3719], 'biomolecular': [1855], 'dependent': [1859], 'exquisitely': [1862], 'she': [1865], 'deploys.': [1866], 'Our': [1867], 'devices': [1868], 'managing': [1870], 'reactivity': [1871], 'selectivity': [1873], 'sophisticated,': [1877], 'particularly': [1878, 1917, 2408, 3431], 'respect': [1880], 'Therefore,': [1885], 'chemist': [1887, 2719], 'who': [1888], 'plans': [1889, 3781], 'present': [1902, 2084, 3727], 'latent': [1904], 'CH−CX+base→C=C)': [1907], 'available': [1910, 2274, 2853, 3031, 3112, 4369], 'materials': [1912, 1957, 2276, 2486, 2497, 3030, 3079], 'asking': [1914], 'trouble,': [1916], 'reliable': [1924, 2971, 3349, 3414, 4285], 'number': [1927, 2586, 2799, 3911], 'substrates': [1929], '(as': [1930, 3968], 'searches': [1933, 2097], 'studies)': [1936], 'applicable': [1938], 'practical,': [1940], 'large-scale': [1941, 2194, 4153], 'production.': [1942], 'Problems': [1943], 'likely': [1946, 2038], 'needs': [1950], 'unite,': [1952], 'functionalize,': [1953], 'and/or': [1954], 'reorganize': [1955], 'intermediates': [1959], 'ways': [1961], 'de': [1966], 'novo': [1967], 'construction.': [1970], 'required,': [1977], 'them': [1983], 'intramolecularly,12': [1984], 'still': [1989, 2003, 3231], 'leave': [1991], 'really': [1993], 'tough': [1994], 'nature.13': [1999], 'There': [2000], 'is,': [2001, 4267], 'however,': [2002], 'plenty': [2004], 'room': [2006], 'discovery:': [2008], 'Guida': [2009], 'co-workers': [2011], 'estimated': [2013], 'pool': [2015], '“reasonable”': [2017], '(≤30': [2020], 'non-hydrogen': [2021], 'atoms;': [2022], '≤500': [2023], 'daltons;': [2024], 'consisting': [2025], 'H,': [2028], 'C,': [2029], 'N,': [2030], 'O,': [2031], 'P,': [2032], 'S,': [2033], 'F,': [2034], 'Cl,': [2035], 'Br;': [2037], 'stable': [2041, 2316, 3387, 3464], 'ambient': [2043], 'temperature': [2044], 'presence': [2047], 'oxygen)': [2051], 'between': [2053, 3154, 3885], '1062': [2054], '1063': [2056], 'discrete': [2057], 'molecules.14': [2058], 'kind': [2061], 'available,15': [2065], 'contend': [2067], 'makes': [2070, 2622], 'sense': [2072], 'search': [2074], 'hard-to-reach': [2076], 'places': [2077], 'Instead,': [2082], 'methods': [2087], 'adhere': [2092], 'rule:': [2095], 'restricted': [2100], 'easy': [2105], 'make.': [2107], 'We': [2108, 2196, 2693], 'hope': [2109], 'convince': [2111], 'reader': [2113], 'wide': [2116, 2230], 'interesting': [2119], 'made,': [2124], 'chances': [2128], 'achieving': [2130], 'activity': [2133], 'traditional': [2145], 'now': [2148], 'favored': [2149, 3976], '2.1.': [2153], '“Click': [2154], 'Following': [2156], 'lead,': [2158], 'endeavor': [2160], 'generate': [2162, 2237, 3433], 'joining': [2165], 'units': [2167], '(C−X−C).': [2172], 'goal': [2174, 3774], 'expanding': [2179], 'selective,': [2183], 'modular': [2185, 2654, 2702, 2710], '“blocks”': [2186], 'reliably': [2189], 'small-': [2192], 'applications.': [2195], 'termed': [2198], 'foundation': [2200, 3569], 'chemistry,”': [2205], 'defined': [2208], 'meet': [2218, 3819], 'context.': [2224], 'scope,': [2232], 'give': [2233, 3426, 3857], 'high': [2235, 2335, 2826, 3321, 3336, 4140], 'yields,': [2236], 'inoffensive': [2239], 'byproducts': [2240], 'removed': [2244], 'nonchromatographic': [2246, 2304], 'methods,': [2247, 2305], 'stereospecific': [2250, 3590], '(but': [2251], 'necessarily': [2253, 4256], 'enantioselective).': [2254], 'characteristics': [2258, 2331], 'include': [2259], 'conditions': [2262], '(ideally,': [2263], 'insensitive': [2268], 'oxygen': [2270], 'readily': [2273, 3036, 3852], 'reagents,': [2278, 4275], 'solvent': [2283, 2286, 4107, 4162], 'benign': [2289], 'water)': [2292], 'removed,': [2295], 'product': [2298, 2313], 'isolation.': [2299], 'Purification—if': [2300], 'required—must': [2301], 'crystallization': [2308], 'distillation,': [2310], 'under': [2317, 2660], 'physiological': [2318], 'conditions.': [2319], 'recognize': [2324], 'having': [2333, 2868], 'force,': [2338, 3338], 'greater': [2340, 2873, 3673, 3938], '20': [2342], 'mol−1.': [2344], 'Such': [2345, 2815], 'proceed': [2347, 3824, 3851], 'rapidly': [2348], 'single': [2360, 2372, 3859, 4214], 'product:': [2361], 'think': [2363], 'trajectory.': [2373], 'Carbon–heteroatom': [2374], 'forming': [2376, 3448, 3559], 'comprise': [2378], 'common': [2381, 4340], 'examples,': [2382], 'including': [2383], 'following': [2385, 3844], 'classes': [2386], 'transformations:': [2389], 'cycloadditions': [2390], 'unsaturated': [2392], 'species,': [2393], 'especially': [2394, 2449, 3045, 4328], '1,3-dipolar': [2395], 'cycloaddition': [2396, 4032, 4310], 'reactions,': [2397, 4326], 'Diels–Alder': [2401, 2904], 'family': [2402, 2855], 'transformations;': [2404], 'nucleophilic': [2405], 'substitution': [2406], 'ring-opening': [2409], 'heterocyclic': [2413], 'epoxides,': [2417, 3237], 'aziridines,': [2418, 3238], 'aziridinium': [2419, 3242, 3971], 'ions,': [2420, 3240], 'episulfonium': [2422, 3239, 3973], 'ions;': [2423], '“non-aldol”': [2428], 'type,': [2429], 'ureas,': [2434], 'thioureas,': [2435], 'heterocycles,': [2437], 'oxime': [2438], 'ethers,': [2439], 'hydrazones,': [2440, 3429], 'amides;': [2442], 'additions': [2444, 2464, 3470, 3960], 'multiple': [2447], 'oxidative': [2450, 3255, 3297], 'cases': [2451], 'epoxidation,': [2454], 'dihydroxylation,': [2455], 'aziridination,': [2456], 'sulfenyl': [2458], 'halide': [2459], 'addition,': [2460], 'Michael': [2463, 3514], 'Nu−H': [2466], 'reactants.': [2467], '2.2.': [2468], 'Olefin-Based': [2469], 'Organic': [2470], 'Synthesis': [2471], 'Consider,': [2472], 'counterpoint': [2475], 'world': [2481], 'petrochemicals': [2483], 'spawned': [2489], '(textiles,': [2490], 'resins,': [2491], 'plastics,': [2492], 'etc.).': [2493], "petrochemist's": [2495], '“gifts”': [2499], 'prepared': [2500], 'ancient': [2506], 'organisms;': [2507], 'fossil': [2509], 'oils': [2510], 'stored': [2512], 'CO2-based': [2516], 'photosynthesis,': [2517], 'and,': [2518, 3783], 'importantly,': [2520], 'countless': [2521], 'petroleum,': [2526], 'completely': [2529], 'saturated,': [2530], 'useless': [2532], 'needs.': [2537], 'petroleum': [2539, 2718], 'therefore': [2542], 'upon': [2544], 'manipulation': [2546], '“currency”,': [2550], 'entails': [2552], 'exchanging': [2553], 'σ': [2555, 2880, 2910], 'π': [2560, 2568, 2810, 2863, 2914, 2949, 2986, 3119], '“cracking”,': [2563], 'creating': [2565], 'C−H': [2574], '“reforming”.': [2577], 'reactive': [2588, 3259, 3730, 3747, 4305], 'monomers,': [2589], 'assembled,': [2593], 'battery': [2596], 'catalysts,': [2599], 'myriad': [2601, 3294], 'materials.': [2603], 'manufacture': [2606], 'petrochemical': [2608, 2836, 3068], 'products,': [2609], 'supremely': [2618], 'efficient,': [2619], 'expended': [2625, 2886], '“upgrading”': [2627], 'saturated': [2628, 2804], 'hydrocarbons': [2629, 3165], 'olefins': [2631, 2955, 3199, 3221, 3280, 3391], 'seem': [2632], 'insignificant.': [2633], 'general': [2636, 3411], 'sense,': [2637], 'petrochemistry': [2641], 'evolved': [2643], 'identical': [2644], 'functions/properties:': [2653], 'assembly': [2655, 3573, 3679], 'specially': [2657], 'monomers': [2659], 'catalysts.': [2665, 3703], 'That': [2666], 'depends': [2668], 'irreversible': [2677, 3316], 'olefin': [2678, 3011, 3110, 3156, 4021], 'obscure': [2682], 'similarity': [2685], 'heart': [2688, 3272], 'approaches.': [2692], 'denied': [2695], 'realistically': [2699], 'imitate': [2700], '(see': [2706, 3436, 4242], 'above),': [2707], 'olefin-based': [2711], 'model': [2722], 'choose': [2724], 'follow.16': [2726], 'concept': [2728], 'unit': [2735, 2998, 3483], '“currency”': [2737, 3000], 'appreciation': [2742], 'value': [2745, 3006], 'Scheme': [2752, 2988, 3063, 3207, 3355, 3549], '1': [2753, 3847], 'depicts': [2754], 'currency': [2759], 'exchanged.': [2762], 'bookkeeping': [2764], 'device': [2765], 'keep': [2767], 'track': [2768], '“total': [2771], 'count”': [2774], 'often,': [2776], 'necessarily,': [2779], 'connected': [2780], 'demonstrable': [2782], 'interconversions.': [2783], 'Starting': [2784], 'n-octane,': [2786], 'total': [2788, 2921], 'count': [2791], 'remains': [2792], 'constant': [2793], 'seven': [2795], 'regardless': [2796], 'C=C': [2809, 2862, 2894, 2915, 2934, 3539], 'bond,': [2811, 3494], 'C1−C2−C3−H→C1−H+C2=C3.': [2814], 'transformation': [2817], 'course': [2820], 'endothermic,': [2821], 'becomes': [2823, 2897], 'temperatures,': [2827], 'thanks': [2828], 'positive': [2832], 'entropy': [2833], 'term.': [2834], 'practices': [2838], '“steam': [2839], 'cracking”': [2840], '(a': [2841], 'gas-phase': [2842], '850': [2846], '°C)': [2847], 'scales,': [2850], 'inexpensive': [2857], 'olefins.': [2858], 'newly': [2860], 'created': [2861, 3630], 'reactive,': [2867, 4258], 'about': [2869], '22–25': [2870], 'mol−1': [2872, 3532], 'free': [2874, 3931], 'content17': [2876], 'bond;': [2881], 'effect,': [2883], '“cracking”': [2888], 'partly': [2890], 'captured/stored': [2891], 'linkage.': [2895], 'This': [2896, 3252, 3833, 4281], 'apparent': [2898, 3894], 'hydroformylation,': [2907], 'gain': [2909], 'reorganizing': [2913], 'links,': [2916], 'again': [2917], 'altering': [2919], 'count.': [2924], 'Olefin': [2925], 'metathesis': [2926], 'extraordinarily': [2929], 'facile': [2930], 'redistribute': [2933], 'further': [2937, 3106], 'manipulation.': [2938], '(Acetylene': [2939], '(counting': [2941], 'bonds),': [2945], 'unstable': [2948], 'host': [2959], 'π→σ': [2962], 'reorganizations.)': [2965], 'precisely': [2972], 'created;': [2979], 'nascent': [2982], "reactant's": [2985], '1Open': [2989], 'figure': [2991, 3210, 3358, 3552], 'viewerPowerPoint': [2992, 3211, 3359, 3553], '(ΔH0': [3001], 'mol−1;': [3004], 'hydroformylation': [3009], 'compares': [3010], 'aldehyde': [3013], 'only).': [3014], 'formed': [3020], 'Olefins': [3024], 'attractive': [3028], 'chemist,': [3035], 'varieties,': [3044], 'includes': [3048], 'naturally': [3050], 'abundant': [3051], 'terpenes.': [3052], 'simplest': [3054], 'C1–C8': [3059], 'shown': [3061], 'Produced': [3065], 'massive': [3072], 'scale,': [3073], '90': [3081], '%': [3082], 'weight': [3084], 'man-made': [3088], 'compounds.18': [3090], 'Wilke': [3092], 'cyclooligomerizations': [3093], 'butadiene': [3095, 3122, 3145], 'cyclooctadiene': [3097], 'cyclododecatriene': [3099], 'expand': [3107], 'core': [3109], 'cost.19': [3117], 'reorganized': [3124], 'effortlessly': [3125], 'catalyst,': [3128], 'regio-': [3130], 'stereoselectively': [3132], 'sophisticated': [3134], 'skeletons': [3137], 'leaving': [3139], 'behind': [3140], 'olefinic': [3142, 3181, 3304], 'linkage': [3143], 'per': [3144], 'monomer': [3146], '“decoration”': [3149], 'steps': [3150, 3269], 'follow.': [3152], 'sources': [3157], '(terpenes,': [3158], 'fatty': [3159], 'acids,20': [3160], 'etc.)': [3161], '“reworked”': [3163], '(olefins': [3166], 'derived': [3167], 'petroleum)': [3169], 'richly': [3173], 'platform.': [3184], 'would': [3186], 'fitting': [3188], 'could': [3191, 3739], 'devise': [3192], 'short': [3193], 'sequences': [3194], 'assembling': [3196], '“gift”': [3198], 'beneficial': [3204], 'functions.': [3206], '2Open': [3208], 'Small': [3212], 'petroleum.': [3217], 'importance': [3219], 'dramatically': [3223], 'enhanced': [3224], 'role': [3227], 'progenitors': [3229], 'higher': [3232, 3893], 'intermediates,': [3234], 'ions—all': [3243], '(Scheme': [3250, 3453], '3).': [3251], 'sequence': [3253, 3712], 'creation/nucleophilic': [3256], 'quenching': [3257], 'enables': [3264, 3348], 'block': [3267, 3797], 'ligation': [3268, 3633, 3798], 'creation': [3284], 'scaffolds': [3287], 'attachment': [3290, 3490], 'functionality': [3295], 'addition': [3298, 3547], 'heteroatoms': [3300], 'specifically': [3302], 'placed': [3303], 'sites.21': [3305], 'robust': [3307], 'predicated': [3313], 'progression': [3317], 'stepwise': [3330], 'fashion.': [3331], 'Each': [3332], 'sine': [3340], 'qua': [3341], 'non': [3342], 'condition': [3343], 'established.': [3354], '3Open': [3356], 'Examples': [3360], 'genesis': [3363], 'relative': [3365, 3389, 3394], 'energetics': [3366], 'components.': [3370, 3731], 'New': [3371], 'bold.': [3379], 'Nu=nucleophile.': [3380], 'contrast,': [3384], 'quite': [3386, 4263], 'thermodynamically': [3388], 'hydrocarbon': [3397], 'progenitors.': [3398], 'Hence,': [3399], 'repertoire': [3401], 'limited.': [3407], 'Among': [3408, 3914], 'aldehydes': [3418], 'ketones': [3420], 'imine-forming': [3423], 'condensations': [3424], 'oximes': [3427], 'heterocycles': [3435], 'below).': [3437], 'Also': [3438], 'noteworthy,': [3439], 'perfection': [3452], '4):': [3454], '1)': [3455], 'hydroxymethylation': [3456], 'aminomethylation': [3458], 'formaldehyde,': [3461], 'representative,': [3466], '2)': [3468], 'HCN': [3469], 'driven': [3474, 3555], 'great': [3477], 'stability': [3478], 'resulting': [3481], 'cyanohydrin': [3482], '(primarily': [3484], 'nitrile': [3488], "group's": [3489], 'sp-hybridized': [3493], 'dipolar': [3501], 'contribution).': [3502], 'Another': [3503], 'excellent': [3504], 'reaction,': [3515], 'proves': [3519], 'rule,': [3521], 'since': [3522], 'created.': [3528], 'Its': [3529], '>20': [3530], 'force': [3534, 4099], 'consumed': [3543], 'H−Nu': [3546], 'step.': [3548], '4Open': [3550], 'Strongly': [3554], 'intended': [3565], 'pure': [3577], 'entities,': [3579], 'stereochemistry': [3580, 3594], 'important.': [3582], 'ideal': [3584, 4161], 'absolute': [3593], 'stringently': [3599], 'controlled.': [3600], 'case,': [3603], 'stereogenic': [3607, 3625], 'element': [3608], 'involved,': [3610], 'generation': [3611], 'racemate': [3614], 'screening': [3618], 'will': [3619, 3681, 4191], 'preferred.': [3621], 'elements': [3626, 3720], 'united': [3628], 'advantageous': [3638], 'test': [3640], 'racemic': [3642], 'mixtures': [3643], 'diastereomers': [3648], 'pass': [3652], 'target.22': [3656], 'accelerating': [3659], 'improved': [3662], 'analytical': [3663], 'separation': [3665], 'techniques': [3666, 4371], 'deconvolution': [3668], 'mixtures,23': [3671], 'relaxation': [3674], 'stereochemical': [3676], 'restrictions': [3677], 'feasible': [3683], 'future.': [3687], 'Nature': [3688], 'specific': [3691], 'uniquely': [3698], 'action': [3700], 'virtually': [3715], 'enabling': [3723], '“energy': [3724], 'packets”': [3725], 'At': [3732], 'first,': [3733], 'plan': [3735], 'may': [3736], 'sound': [3737], 'fanciful—how': [3738], 'trivial': [3744], 'components': [3748, 4254], '“self-contained”': [3750], 'regarding': [3751], 'instructions': [3753], 'potential': [3755], 'cascade': [3762], 'endpoint?': [3767], 'Happily,': [3768], 'finding': [3771], 'difficult,': [3778], 'carefully': [3782], 'above': [3784], 'all,': [3785], 'uses': [3786], '“perfect”': [3791], 'steps.': [3799], '2.3.': [3800], 'Water': [3804, 4131, 4155], 'Over': [3805], 'past': [3807], 'years,': [3809], 'standards': [3822], 'solvent.': [3832], 'outcome': [3837], 'five': [3845], 'factors.': [3846], 'hot': [3854], 'product,': [3860, 3873], 'well': [3870, 3969], 'appear': [3874], 'insoluble': [3877], 'medium.': [3880], 'species': [3887], 'solution': [3890], 'rate': [3895], 'constants': [3896], 'media': [3903], 'observed': [3906], 'exploited': [3908], 'laboratories.24': [3913], 'explanations': [3917], 'offered': [3918], 'phenomena,': [3921], 'particular': [3924], 'attention': [3925], 'notion': [3928], 'energies': [3932], 'substantially': [3937], 'poorly': [3940], 'solvated': [3941], 'impart': [3946], 'increased': [3947], 'reactivity,': [3948], 'compensates': [3950], 'low': [3953, 4097, 4170], 'concentration': [3954], 'participants.25': [3957], '2': [3958], 'Nucleophile': [3959], 'epoxide26': [3962], '(“homocarbonyl”)': [3963], 'aziridine': [3965, 4298], '(“homoimine”)': [3966], 'ions)': [3974], 'solvents': [3978, 4352], 'respond': [3982], 'continuously': [3983], 'demanding': [3986], 'range': [3987, 4273], 'hydrogen-bonding': [3989], 'during': [3993], 'respect,': [3998], 'unique,': [4001], 'reasons,': [4006], 'milieu': [4011], 'Two': [4017], 'subsets': [4019], 'acetylene': [4023], 'oxidations': [4027], 'electrophilic': [4029], 'reagents': [4030], 'either': [4037], 'concerted': [4038], 'involve': [4040], 'polarizable': [4041], 'nucleophiles/electrophiles,': [4042], 'interfering': [4049], 'medium.27': [4050], 'More': [4051], 'generally,': [4052], 'appreciated': [4056, 4177], 'offers': [4062], 'greatest': [4064], 'leverage': [4065], 'differentiating': [4067], 'reactivities': [4069], 'competing': [4071], '“hard”': [4072], '(nonpolarizable)': [4073], '“soft”': [4075], '(polarizable)': [4076], 'species.': [4077], '4': [4078], 'solutes': [4085, 4105], '(say': [4086], '0.1': [4088], 'M': [4089], 'concentration)': [4090], 'side-reaction': [4100], '(55': [4109], 'M).28': [4110], 'Schotten–Baumann': [4112], 'amides': [4116], 'acyl': [4118], 'sulfonyl': [4120], 'halides': [4121], 'well-known': [4126], 'example': [4127], '[Eq.': [4128], '(1)].29': [4129], '5': [4130], 'heat': [4135, 4141, 4357], 'sink,': [4136], 'capacity,': [4142], 'convenient': [4146], 'boiling': [4147], 'temperature;': [4148], 'regarded': [4158], 'terms': [4164], 'environmental': [4167], 'impact': [4168], 'cost.': [4171], 'benefit': [4173], 'consequences': [4181], 'hydroxy': [4185], 'O−H': [4186], 'amide': [4188], 'N−H': [4189], 'interfere': [4193], 'consequence,': [4202], 'installation': [4204], 'protecting': [4208], 'avoided—probably': [4211], 'reason': [4215], 'adopting': [4217], 'Indeed,': [4222], 'view': [4224], 'installing': [4231], '“protecting': [4232], 'groups”': [4233], 'own': [4240], 'right': [4241], 'Section': [4243], '3.3).': [4244], 'highlight': [4247], 'that,': [4250], 'although': [4251], 'chemoselectivity': [4260], 'profiles': [4261], 'narrowly': [4264], '“orthogonal”': [4268], 'unusually': [4271], 'broad': [4272, 4291], 'solvents,': [4276], 'attribute': [4282], 'allows': [4283], 'clean': [4287], 'sequential': [4288], 'scope.30': [4292], 'opening': [4295], 'epoxide': [4296], 'rings': [4299], '“HN3”': [4301], 'installs': [4302], '“sticky': [4306], 'spot”': [4307], '[3+2]': [4309], 'alkynes,': [4312], '“invisible”': [4317], 'types': [4324], 'conditions,': [4330], 'fall': [4332], 'category': [4337], 'literature': [4344], '50': [4346], '100': [4348], 'ago.31': [4350], 'then,': [4355], 'preferred': [4360], 'up': [4364], 'dearth': [4367], 'purification': [4370], 'meant': [4372], 'reliabili': [4379]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4256503849', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 500}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 704}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 613}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 651}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 666}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 602}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 692}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 672}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 772}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 768}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 838}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 807}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 814}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T12:25:55.870937', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}
Publication Information

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
