Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4252619878', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-76', 'title': 'Zidovudine Overdosage', 'display_name': 'Zidovudine Overdosage', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4252619878', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-76', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3163905'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-76', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S119722071', 'display_name': 'Annals of Internal Medicine', 'issn_l': '0003-4819', 'issn': ['0003-4819', '1539-3704'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316812', 'host_organization_name': 'American College of Physicians', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316812'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American College of Physicians'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063319381', 'display_name': 'Joel B. Spear', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210146389', 'display_name': "Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04gka6q50', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210146389']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1285301757', 'display_name': 'Rush University Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01j7c0b24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1285301757']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J B Spear', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210146389', 'https://openalex.org/I1285301757']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110823055', 'display_name': 'H. A. Kessler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'H A Kessler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072104655', 'display_name': 'Sandra Nusinoff Lehrman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S N Lehrman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015524684', 'display_name': 'P de Miranda', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P de Miranda', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.082, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 16, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.71494, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 83, 'max': 84}, 'biblio': {'volume': '109', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '76', 'last_page': '76'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10526', 'display_name': 'HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10526', 'display_name': 'HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11157', 'display_name': 'Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2716', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10151', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis C virus research', 'score': 0.9888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2721', 'display_name': 'Hepatology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.83720136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780216070', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198504', 'display_name': 'Zidovudine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.79642314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777288759', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182', 'display_name': 'Dosing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5152343}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45832977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29730261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160', 'display_name': 'Toxicity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4277361}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3013748606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787', 'display_name': 'Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.40361783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27363276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20386103}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780727368', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978', 'display_name': 'Viral disease', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000998', 'descriptor_name': 'Antiviral Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000506', 'qualifier_name': 'poisoning', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013936', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000031', 'qualifier_name': 'analogs & derivatives', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000998', 'descriptor_name': 'Antiviral Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000998', 'descriptor_name': 'Antiviral Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001259', 'descriptor_name': 'Ataxia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000139', 'qualifier_name': 'chemically induced', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001259', 'descriptor_name': 'Ataxia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009759', 'descriptor_name': 'Nystagmus, Pathologic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009759', 'descriptor_name': 'Nystagmus, Pathologic', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000139', 'qualifier_name': 'chemically induced', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013406', 'descriptor_name': 'Suicide, Attempted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013936', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013936', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000506', 'qualifier_name': 'poisoning', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013936', 'descriptor_name': 'Thymidine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015215', 'descriptor_name': 'Zidovudine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-76', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S119722071', 'display_name': 'Annals of Internal Medicine', 'issn_l': '0003-4819', 'issn': ['0003-4819', '1539-3704'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316812', 'host_organization_name': 'American College of Physicians', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316812'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American College of Physicians'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3163905', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.86, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4210913627', 'https://openalex.org/W3166797618', 'https://openalex.org/W3092510079', 'https://openalex.org/W2915644342', 'https://openalex.org/W2466467210', 'https://openalex.org/W2148023089', 'https://openalex.org/W2066920818', 'https://openalex.org/W2007690393', 'https://openalex.org/W1998939425', 'https://openalex.org/W127593504'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Brief': [0], 'Reports1': [1], 'July': [2, 440, 455], '1988Zidovudine': [3], 'OverdosageJoel': [4], 'B.': [5, 20, 339], 'Spear,': [6, 21, 340], 'MD,': [7, 11, 15], 'Harold': [8, 29, 342], 'A.': [9, 30, 343], 'Kessler,': [10, 31, 344], 'Sandra': [12, 39, 346], 'Nusinoff': [13, 40, 347], 'Lehrman,': [14, 41, 348], 'Paulo': [16, 49, 350], 'de': [17, 50, 351], 'Miranda,': [18, 51, 352], 'PhDJoel': [19], 'MDSearch': [22, 32, 42], 'for': [23, 33, 43, 53, 228], 'more': [24, 34, 44, 54], 'papers': [25, 35, 45, 55], 'by': [26, 36, 46, 56, 205], 'this': [27, 37, 47, 57], 'author,': [28, 38, 48], 'PhDSearch': [52], 'authorAuthor,': [58], 'Article,': [59, 334], 'and': [60, 99, 124, 138, 189, 199, 212, 222, 235, 253, 265, 290, 305, 335, 383, 405, 436], 'Disclosure': [61, 336], 'Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-76': [62], 'SectionsAboutPDF': [63], 'ToolsAdd': [64], 'to': [65, 97, 423], 'favoritesDownload': [66], 'CitationsTrack': [67], 'CitationsPermissions': [68], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [69], 'ExcerptZidovudine': [70], '(also': [71], 'known': [72], 'as': [73], 'azidothymidine': [74, 296], 'or': [75], 'AZT)': [76], 'is': [77, 109, 321], 'a': [78, 414], '2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside': [79], 'analogue': [80], 'with': [81, 165, 245, 303, 400], 'antiviral': [82, 437], 'activity': [83], 'against': [84], 'the': [85, 144, 154, 166, 195, 215, 274, 299, 330, 368], 'human': [86, 203], 'immunodeficiency': [87], 'virus': [88], '(HIV).': [89], 'Preclinical': [90, 171], 'toxicity': [91, 118, 294], 'studies': [92], '(1)': [93], 'of': [94, 116, 136, 157, 194, 214, 270, 295, 301, 370, 408, 426], 'zidovudine': [95, 159, 384, 401], 'administered': [96], 'rats': [98], 'mice': [100], 'showed': [101], 'that': [102], 'greater': [103], 'than': [104], '750': [105], 'mg/kg': [106], 'body': [107], 'weight': [108], 'an': [110, 241, 388], 'acute': [111, 117, 158], 'lethal': [112], 'intravenous': [113], 'dose.': [114], 'Signs': [115], 'included': [119], 'labored': [120], 'breathing,': [121], 'decreased': [122], 'activity,': [123], 'ptosis.': [125], 'In': [126], 'all': [127], 'survivors': [128], 'physical': [129], 'signs': [130], 'were': [131, 141, 146], 'normal': [132], 'within': [133], '2': [134], 'hours': [135], 'dosing,': [137], 'no': [139], 'abnormalities': [140], 'noted': [142], 'when': [143], 'animals': [145], 'killed': [147], '14': [148], 'days': [149], 'after': [150], 'dosing.': [151], 'We': [152], 'report': [153], 'first': [155], 'case': [156], 'overdosage': [160], 'in': [161, 202, 240, 298, 367, 387, 403, 413], 'humans.A': [162], '26-year-old': [163], 'man': [164], 'acquired': [167], 'immunodeficiency...References1.': [168], 'Ayers': [169], 'K.': [170], 'toxicology.': [172], 'In:': [173, 210], 'Retrovir:': [174], 'Investigators/Clinicians': [175], 'Forum': [176], 'Summary': [177], 'Report.': [178], 'New': [179, 275], 'York:': [180], 'World': [181], 'Health': [182, 281], 'Communications;': [183], '1987:8-10.': [184], 'Google': [185, 231], 'Scholar2.': [186], 'Good': [187], 'S': [188, 264], 'Reynolds': [190], 'D.': [191], 'Simultaneous': [192], 'quantitation': [193], 'anti-HIV': [196], 'agent,': [197], '3-azido-3′deoxythymidine,': [198], 'its': [200], 'glucuronide': [201], 'serum': [204], 'high-performance': [206], 'liquid': [207], 'chromatography': [208], '(HPLC).': [209], 'Program': [211], 'Abstracts': [213], '27th': [216], 'Interscience': [217], 'Conference': [218], 'on': [219, 329], 'Antimicrobial': [220], 'Agents': [221], 'Chemotherapy.': [223], 'Washington,': [224], 'D.C.:': [225], 'American': [226], 'Society': [227], 'Microbiology;': [229], '1987:162.': [230], 'Scholar3.': [232], 'Davtyan': [233], 'D': [234, 252], 'Vinters': [236], 'H.': [237], "Wernicke's": [238], 'encephalopathy': [239], 'AIDS': [242, 271, 304, 409], 'patient': [243], 'treated': [244], 'zidovudine.': [246], 'Lancet.': [247, 259], '1987;1:919-20.': [248], 'CrossrefMedlineGoogle': [249, 261, 317], 'Scholar4.': [250], 'Hagler': [251], 'Frame': [254], 'P.': [255], 'Azidothymidine': [256], 'neurotoxicity': [257], '[Letter].': [258], '1986;2:1392-3.': [260], 'Scholar5.': [262], 'Perry': [263], 'Tross': [266], 'S.': [267, 432], 'Psychiatric': [268], 'problems': [269], 'inpatients': [272], 'at': [273], 'York': [276], 'Hospital:': [277], 'preliminary': [278], 'report.': [279], 'Public': [280], 'Rep.': [282], '1984;99:200-5.': [283], 'MedlineGoogle': [284], 'Scholar6.': [285], 'Richman': [286], 'D,': [287], 'Fischl': [288], 'M,': [289], 'Grieco': [291], 'M.': [292], 'The': [293], '(AZT)': [297], 'treatment': [300], 'patients': [302], 'AIDS-related': [306], 'complex.': [307], 'A': [308], 'double-blind,': [309], 'placebo-controlled': [310], 'trial.': [311], 'N': [312], 'Engl': [313], 'J': [314], 'Med.': [315], '1987;317:192-7.': [316], 'Scholar': [318], 'This': [319], 'content': [320], 'PDF': [322, 331, 457], 'only.': [323], 'To': [324], 'continue': [325], 'reading': [326], 'please': [327], 'click': [328], 'icon.': [332], 'Author,': [333], 'InformationAuthors:': [337], 'Joel': [338], 'MD;': [341, 345, 349], 'PhDFrom': [353], 'Rush-Presbyterian-St.': [354], "Luke's": [355], 'Medical': [356], 'Center,': [357], 'Chicago,': [358], 'Illinois.': [359], 'PreviousarticleNextarticle': [360], 'Advertisement': [361], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails': [362], 'Metrics': [363], 'Cited': [364], 'byDrugs': [365], 'Used': [366], 'Management': [369], 'Human': [371, 427], 'Immunodeficiency': [372, 374, 428], 'Virus/Acquired': [373], 'SyndromeDrug-induced': [375], 'ocular': [376, 379], 'side': [377, 380], 'effectsDrug-induced': [378], 'effectsAntiviral': [381], 'AgentsKetoconazole': [382], 'overdoseZidovudine': [385], 'Overdose': [386, 412], 'Asymptomatic': [389], 'HIV': [390], 'Seropositive': [391], 'Patient': [392], 'With': [393], 'HemophiliaAids:': [394], 'Part': [395], 'IIHyaline': [396], 'globules': [397], 'reacting': [398], 'positively': [399], 'antibody': [402], 'brain': [404], 'spinal': [406], 'cord': [407], 'patientsZidovudine': [410], 'OverdoseZidovudine': [411], 'ChildSEIZURE': [415], 'AFTER': [416], 'ZIDOVUDINE': [417], 'OVERDOSEOVERDOSAGE': [418], 'OF': [419], 'ZIDOVUDINEThe': [420], 'Rocky': [421], 'Road': [422], 'Effective': [424], 'Treatment': [425], 'Virus': [429], '(HIV)': [430], 'InfectionMartin': [431], 'Hirsch,': [433], 'MDMiscellaneous': [434], 'antibacterial': [435], 'drugs': [438], '1': [439, 449, 454], '1988Volume': [441], '109,': [442], 'Issue': [443, 452], '1Page:': [444], '76-77KeywordsAzidothymidineBody': [445], 'weightBreathingHIVImmunodeficienciesInterleukinsPatientsPtosisResearch': [446], 'laboratoriesToxicity': [447], 'ePublished:': [448], 'December': [450], '2008': [451], 'Published:': [453], '1988': [456], 'downloadLoading': [458], '...': [459]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252619878', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T01:12:20.842273', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}