Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4245971413', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0527', 'title': 'Economics of Conservation Tillage in a Wheat–Fallow Rotation', 'display_name': 'Economics of Conservation Tillage in a Wheat–Fallow Rotation', 'publication_year': 2002, 'publication_date': '2002-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4245971413', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0527'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0527', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S139950591', 'display_name': 'Agronomy Journal', 'issn_l': '0002-1962', 'issn': ['0002-1962', '1072-9623', '1435-0645'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026723883', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey S. Janosky', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72951846', 'display_name': 'Washington State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dk0ce17', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey S. Janosky', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dep. of Agric. Econ., Hulbert Hall 103 Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164–6210'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dep. of Agric. Econ., Hulbert Hall 103 Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164–6210', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112060353', 'display_name': 'Douglas L. Young', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72951846', 'display_name': 'Washington State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dk0ce17', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Douglas L. Young', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dep. of Agric. Econ., Hulbert Hall 103 Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164–6210'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dep. of Agric. Econ., Hulbert Hall 103 Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164–6210', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075966080', 'display_name': 'William F. Schillinger', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-8159'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I72951846', 'display_name': 'Washington State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dk0ce17', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'William F. Schillinger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci. Washington State Univ. P.O. Box B Lind WA 99341'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci. Washington State Univ. P.O. Box B Lind WA 99341', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5026723883', 'https://openalex.org/A5112060353', 'https://openalex.org/A5075966080'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I72951846', 'https://openalex.org/I72951846', 'https://openalex.org/I72951846'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1350, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1350, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.539, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 11, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.711361, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 80, 'max': 81}, 'biblio': {'volume': '94', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '527', 'last_page': '527'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12310', 'display_name': 'Crop Yield and Soil Fertility', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1102', 'display_name': 'Agronomy and Crop Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12310', 'display_name': 'Crop Yield and Soil Fertility', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1102', 'display_name': 'Agronomy and Crop Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10004', 'display_name': 'Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics', 'score': 0.989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1111', 'display_name': 'Soil Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12003', 'display_name': 'Bioenergy crop production and management', 'score': 0.9677, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1102', 'display_name': 'Agronomy and Crop Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/summer-fallow', 'display_name': 'Summer fallow', 'score': 0.7310953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mulch-till', 'display_name': 'Mulch-till', 'score': 0.6773525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-tillage', 'display_name': 'Conventional tillage', 'score': 0.6749207}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/strip-till', 'display_name': 'Strip-till', 'score': 0.6229576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-tillage', 'display_name': 'Minimum tillage', 'score': 0.5935087}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16397148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878333', 'display_name': 'Tillage', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.91815186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108738950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7637480', 'display_name': 'Summer fallow', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7310953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C113578266', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303', 'display_name': 'Loam', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.70050716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6913563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4774545', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093687', 'display_name': 'Mulch-till', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6773525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780696901', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166322', 'display_name': 'Conventional tillage', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6749207}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C72380369', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661454', 'display_name': 'Strip-till', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6229576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169684477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16918082', 'display_name': 'Minimum tillage', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5935087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5898776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116370137', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227672', 'display_name': 'No-till farming', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.48231435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204983608', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958', 'display_name': 'Productivity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46143174}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134121241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301', 'display_name': 'Yield (engineering)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4596365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126343540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514', 'display_name': 'Crop yield', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41279343}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37835747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118518473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451', 'display_name': 'Agriculture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3269233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38774213', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080', 'display_name': 'Soil fertility', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.23955518}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19951975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17251438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.138574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08627096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.075926244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13558536', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116', 'display_name': 'Cropping', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0527', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S139950591', 'display_name': 'Agronomy Journal', 'issn_l': '0002-1962', 'issn': ['0002-1962', '1072-9623', '1435-0645'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.48}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4389612508', 'https://openalex.org/W4366128377', 'https://openalex.org/W4245971413', 'https://openalex.org/W2918394184', 'https://openalex.org/W2348424686', 'https://openalex.org/W2281444755', 'https://openalex.org/W1993463010', 'https://openalex.org/W1990471203', 'https://openalex.org/W1836955580', 'https://openalex.org/W1579570471'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Agronomy': [0], 'JournalVolume': [1], '94,': [2], 'Issue': [3], '3': [4], 'p.': [5], '527-531': [6, 516], 'Tillage': [7, 11, 380, 432], 'Economics': [8], 'of': [9, 23, 50, 76, 103, 130, 156, 231, 241, 254, 265, 334, 346, 363], 'Conservation': [10, 310], 'in': [12, 296, 337, 418, 424], 'a': [13, 262, 277, 347, 370, 503], 'Wheat–Fallow': [14], 'Rotation': [15], 'Jeffrey': [16, 19, 96, 99], 'S.': [17, 20, 97, 100], 'Janosky,': [18, 98], 'Janosky': [21, 101], 'Dep.': [22, 49, 75, 102, 129, 155], 'Agric.': [24, 51, 104, 131], 'Econ.,': [25, 52, 105, 132], 'Hulbert': [26, 53, 106, 133], 'Hall': [27, 54, 107, 134], '103,': [28, 55, 108, 135], 'Washington': [29, 56, 81, 109, 136, 161], 'State': [30, 57, 82, 110, 137, 162], 'Univ.,': [31, 58, 83, 111, 138, 163], 'Pullman,': [32, 59, 112, 139], 'WA,': [33, 60, 88, 113, 140, 168], '99164–6210Search': [34, 114], 'for': [35, 64, 90, 115, 144, 170, 184, 494, 506], 'more': [36, 65, 91, 116, 145, 171, 331], 'papers': [37, 66, 92, 117, 146, 172], 'by': [38, 67, 93, 118, 147, 173, 189], 'this': [39, 68, 94, 119, 148, 174, 185, 266], 'authorDouglas': [40, 120], 'L.': [41, 46, 121, 126], 'Young,': [42, 122], 'Corresponding': [43, 123], 'Author': [44, 124], 'Douglas': [45, 125], 'Young': [47, 127], '[email protected]': [48, 128], '99164–6210Corresponding': [61, 141], 'author': [62, 95, 142, 175], '([email protected])Search': [63, 143], 'authorWilliam': [69, 149], 'F.': [70, 73, 150, 153], 'Schillinger,': [71, 151], 'William': [72, 152], 'Schillinger': [74, 154], 'Crop': [77, 157], 'and': [78, 158, 194, 200, 229, 233, 245, 252, 271, 283, 303, 321, 366, 390, 392, 398, 508], 'Soil': [79, 159], 'Sci.,': [80, 160], 'P.O.': [84, 164], 'Box': [85, 165], 'B,': [86, 166], 'Lind,': [87, 167, 356], '99341Search': [89, 169], 'First': [176], 'published:': [177], '01': [178], 'May': [179], '2002': [180], 'https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.5270Citations:': [181], '19': [182], 'Funding': [183], 'study': [186, 354], 'was': [187, 447], 'provided': [188], 'the': [190, 201, 209, 247, 257, 335, 338, 343, 367, 480, 497, 509], 'Solutions': [191], 'to': [192, 215, 237, 260, 306, 318, 409, 469, 472, 476, 496], 'Economic': [193, 460], 'Environmental': [195], 'Problems': [196], '(STEEP': [197], 'II)': [198], 'Project': [199], 'Columbia': [202], 'Plateau': [203], 'Wind': [204, 281], 'Erosion/Air': [205], 'Quality': [206], 'Project.': [207], 'Read': [208], 'full': [210, 221], 'textAboutPDF': [211], 'ToolsRequest': [212], 'permissionExport': [213], 'citationAdd': [214], 'favoritesTrack': [216], 'citation': [217], 'ShareShare': [218], 'Give': [219], 'accessShare': [220, 223], 'text': [222], 'full-text': [224, 239, 263], 'accessPlease': [225], 'review': [226], 'our': [227], 'Terms': [228, 251], 'Conditions': [230, 253], 'Use': [232], 'check': [234], 'box': [235], 'below': [236, 259], 'share': [238, 261], 'version': [240, 264], 'article.I': [242], 'have': [243], 'read': [244], 'accept': [246], 'Wiley': [248], 'Online': [249], 'Library': [250], 'UseShareable': [255], 'LinkUse': [256], 'link': [258], 'article': [267], 'with': [268], 'your': [269], 'friends': [270], 'colleagues.': [272], 'Learn': [273], 'more.Copy': [274], 'URL': [275], 'Share': [276], 'linkShare': [278], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat': [279], 'Abstract': [280], 'erosion': [282, 320], 'blowing': [284], 'dust': [285], 'on': [286, 330, 438, 454], 'conventionally': [287], 'tilled': [288], 'winter': [289], 'wheat': [290], '(Triticum': [291], 'aestivum': [292], 'L.)–summer': [293], 'fallow': [294, 313, 478], 'cropland': [295, 336], 'eastern': [297], 'Washington,': [298], 'USA,': [299], 'reduces': [300], 'soil': [301, 368], 'productivity': [302], 'can': [304], 'contribute': [305], 'poor': [307], 'air': [308], 'quality.': [309], 'tillage': [311, 325, 352, 387, 422], 'during': [312], 'has': [314], 'long': [315], 'been': [316], 'known': [317], 'curtail': [319], 'dust,': [322], 'but': [323, 413, 445], 'conventional': [324], '(CT)': [326], 'is': [327, 369, 487], 'still': [328], 'practiced': [329], 'than': [332, 451], '80%': [333], 'region.': [339], 'This': [340], 'paper': [341], 'reports': [342], 'economic': [344, 492], 'results': [345], '5-yr': [348], '(1995–1999': [349], 'harvest': [350], 'years)': [351], 'system': [353], 'at': [355], 'WA.': [357], 'The': [358], 'site': [359], 'averages': [360], '244': [361], 'mm': [362], 'annual': [364], 'precipitation,': [365], 'Shano': [371], 'silt': [372], 'loam': [373], '(coarse-silty,': [374], 'mixed,': [375], 'superactive,': [376], 'mesic': [377], 'Xeric': [378], 'Haplocambids).': [379], 'systems': [381, 423, 433, 481], 'were': [382, 415, 434], '(i)': [383], 'CT,': [384], '(ii)': [385], 'minimum': [386], '(MT;': [388], 'herbicides': [389, 397], 'tillage),': [391], '(iii)': [393], 'delayed': [394, 399], 'MT': [395, 477, 499], '(DMT;': [396], 'tillage).': [400], 'Wheat': [401], 'grain': [402, 419], 'yield': [403, 420], 'across': [404, 430], 'years': [405], 'ranged': [406], 'from': [407, 474], '1.79': [408], '5.20': [410], 'Mg': [411], 'ha−1,': [412], 'there': [414, 486], 'no': [416, 464, 488], 'differences': [417], 'among': [421], 'any': [425], 'year': [426], 'or': [427, 490], 'when': [428], 'analyzed': [429], 'years.': [431], 'economically': [435], 'equivalent': [436], 'based': [437, 453], 'market': [439, 455], 'returns': [440, 456], 'over': [441, 457], 'total': [442], 'production': [443], 'costs,': [444], 'DMT': [446], 'slightly': [448], 'less': [449], 'profitable': [450], 'CT': [452, 475], 'variable': [458], 'costs.': [459], 'analysis': [461], 'indicates': [462], 'that': [463], 'subsidies': [465], 'should': [466], 'be': [467], 'required': [468], 'entice': [470], 'producers': [471], 'switch': [473], 'because': [479], 'are': [482], 'equally': [483], 'profitable.': [484], 'Because': [485], 'short-': [489], 'long-term': [491], 'sacrifice': [493], 'converting': [495], 'soil-saving': [498], 'system,': [500], 'it': [501], 'represents': [502], 'win-win': [504], 'solution': [505], 'farmers': [507], 'environment.': [510], 'Citing': [511], 'Literature': [512], 'Volume94,': [513], 'Issue3May': [514], '2002Pages': [515], 'RelatedInformation': [517]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4245971413', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T05:50:55.229112', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}