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[498, 687], 'was': [499, 615, 627, 642], 'no': [500, 689], 'apparent': [501], 'decrease': [502], 'retranslocation': [505], 'due': [506], 'fertilization.': [508], 'Wood': [509], 'production': [510, 988, 1573, 2106, 2258], 'response': [517, 570, 760], 'fertilization': [519, 1283, 2544], 'but': [520, 557, 576, 686], 'decreased': [521], 'stand.': [525, 1995], 'Fine-root': [526], 'additions,': [532], 'fine': [534, 1801, 1905], 'roots': [535, 1906], 'were': [536, 672, 688], 'significant': [538], 'sink': [539], 'added': [541], 'nitrogen.': [542], 'Nitrate': [543], 'leaching': [544], 'losses': [545, 2704], 'continuously': [547], '6-yr': [550], 'period': [551], 'treated': [554, 631, 649], 'stands': [556, 575], 'remained': [558], 'insignificant': [559], 'hardwoods.': [562], 'Annual': [563, 1202], 'net': [564, 595, 613], 'substantially': [568], 'treatments': [572], 'both': [574, 637], 'declined': [577], 'high-N': [581, 606, 678], 'plot': [582, 679], 'end': [585], 'year': [587], 'six.': [588], 'Net': [589], 'nitrification': [590, 614], 'from': [592, 1164, 1206, 1250, 1290, 1674, 1742, 1773, 2343, 2408], '17%': [593], '1988': [598], '51%': [600], '1993': [602], 'plot.': [607], 'Only': [608], 'slight': [610], 'increase': [611], 'measured': [616], 'stand,': [620], 'only': [622, 646], '1993.': [624, 816, 1452, 2222], 'Extractable': [625], 'NH4': [626], 'consistently': [628, 673], 'higher': [629, 643], 'plots': [632, 661], 'than': [633, 644, 680], 'controls': [635, 645], 'stands,': [638], 'where': [639], 'extractable': [640], 'NO3': [641], 'plots.': [651], 'Soil': [652, 1320, 1653, 1881, 2010, 2159, 2323, 2371, 2474, 2619], 'extracts': [653], 'yielded': [654], '<1.5': [655], 'kg/ha': [656], 'NO3-N': [658], 'all': [660], 'throughout': [666], 'experiment.': [668], 'Effluxes': [669], 'greater': [674], 'control': [684], 'plot,': [685], 'observed': [690], 'large-scale': [691], 'increases': [692], 'emissions': [695, 1163, 1285, 1456, 1673], 'immediately': [696], 'following': [697], 'fertilizer': [698], 'application.': [699], 'Calculated': [700], 'budgets': [702, 1913, 2464], 'showed': [708], 'extremely': [709], 'retention': [712, 1863, 2568], '(85–99%).': [713], 'Of': [714], 'retained': [716], 'N,': [717], '50–83%': [718], 'appears': [719], 'be': [721, 767], 'long-term,': [724], 'recalcitrant': [725], 'pool.': [727], 'relative': [729], 'importance': [730], 'biotic': [732], 'abiotic': [734], 'mechanisms': [735], 'incorporation': [738, 2365], 'into': [739, 2412], 'soils': [740, 1209, 1253, 2411, 2650], 'remains': [741], 'uncertain.': [742], 'Size,': [743], 'kinetics,': [744], 'uptake': [746, 2151, 2547], 'capacity': [747], 'pool': [751], 'critical': [753], 'largely': [755], 'unknown': [756], 'factors': [757], 'determining': [758], 'ecosystem': [759, 1070], 'loading': [764], 'may': [766], 'related': [768], 'land-use': [770], 'history.': [771], 'Literature': [772, 2778], 'Cited': [773], '1992.': [777, 1277, 1609, 1861, 2067, 2457, 2607], 'Nitrogen': [778, 936, 1011, 1836, 1862, 1988, 2189], 'saturation': [782, 907, 937, 1012, 1837, 1989], 'temperate': [784, 910, 1207, 1251, 1292, 1354, 1489, 1776, 2154, 2409, 2549], 'forest': [785, 860, 911, 940, 987, 1208, 1252, 1355, 1490, 1511, 1651, 1808, 1865, 1962, 2017, 2155, 2289, 2368, 2410, 2433, 2496, 2550, 2615, 2764], 'ecosystems.': [786, 912, 941, 1015, 1491, 1747, 1809, 1917, 2156, 2497], 'Trends': [787, 1073], 'Ecology': [789, 1075, 1467, 1623, 1782, 1918, 1997, 2273, 2712], 'Evolution': [791, 1077], '7:': [792], '220–223.': [793], '10.1016/0169-5347(92)90048-G': [794], 'CASPubMedWeb': [795, 1021, 1081, 1726, 1854, 2445], 'Science®Google': [797, 837, 882, 920, 948, 1001, 1023, 1056, 1083, 1131, 1185, 1224, 1269, 1303, 1365, 1430, 1473, 1629, 1664, 1728, 1788, 1856, 1876, 1924, 1974, 2005, 2091, 2131, 2165, 2241, 2279, 2332, 2352, 2380, 2424, 2447, 2481, 2558, 2628, 2659, 2718, 2742, 2775], 'Scholar': [798, 838, 883, 921, 949, 1002, 1024, 1057, 1084, 1132, 1156, 1186, 1225, 1270, 1304, 1330, 1366, 1388, 1431, 1474, 1526, 1557, 1605, 1630, 1665, 1703, 1729, 1756, 1789, 1820, 1857, 1877, 1889, 1925, 1975, 2006, 2033, 2052, 2092, 2132, 2166, 2201, 2242, 2280, 2301, 2333, 2353, 2381, 2394, 2425, 2448, 2482, 2505, 2525, 2559, 2594, 2629, 2660, 2689, 2719, 2743, 2776], 'D.,': [801, 841, 886, 924, 952, 1189, 1228, 1307, 2451], 'R.': [805, 813, 896, 972, 1188, 1227, 1343, 1398, 1441, 1504, 1608, 1735, 1826, 2214, 2400, 2529, 2745], 'Boone,': [806, 1400], 'P.': [810, 928, 959, 1193, 1232, 1334, 1435, 1438, 1482, 1495, 2008, 2060, 2527, 2598, 2691, 2694, 2721], '.': [815, 854, 899, 934, 975, 1009, 1030, 1063, 1095, 1140, 1200, 1239, 1276, 1312, 1346, 1405, 1451, 1485, 1565, 1641, 1714, 1737, 1767, 1834, 1900, 1944, 1986, 2041, 2066, 2103, 2143, 2172, 2221, 2255, 2309, 2361, 2402, 2456, 2513, 2539, 2606, 2639, 2667, 2697, 2727, 2757], 'Plant': [817, 2157], 'Forest,': [828], 'Massachusetts.': [829], 'Applications': [831, 914, 2235], '3:': [832, 1051, 2236], '156–166.': [833], '10.2307/1941798': [834], 'PubMedWeb': [835, 880, 918, 2239], 'K.': [845, 890, 925, 1086, 1443, 1879, 1938, 2064, 2094, 2134, 2170, 2359], 'Nadelhoffer,': [847, 892, 927, 1940, 2093, 2133], 'C.': [848, 956, 1638, 1891, 2248, 2633], 'McClaugherty,': [850, 1890, 2250], 'Pastor': [853], '1985.': [855, 1642, 2698], 'Fine': [856], 'root': [857, 1802], 'turnover': [858, 1803], 'ecosystems': [861, 1594, 1692], 'relation': [863], 'quantity': [865], 'form': [867], 'availability:': [870], 'comparison': [872], 'two': [874, 1915, 2016], 'methods.': [875, 2516], 'Oecologia': [876], '66:': [877, 2713], '317–321.': [878], '10.1007/BF00378292': [879], 'Pastor,': [894, 2243], 'Boone': [898], '1991.': [900, 1240, 1945, 2385, 2668], 'Factors': [901, 1348, 1670], 'controlling': [902, 1349, 1671], 'northern': [909, 939], '1:': [915], '303–315.': [916], '10.2307/1941759': [917], '1989.': [935, 1566, 1669, 2362, 2429, 2540], 'BioScience': [942, 2736], '39:': [943], '378–386.': [944], '10.2307/1311067': [945], 'Web': [946, 999, 1054, 1222, 1428, 1627, 1786, 1874, 1922, 2003, 2129, 2350, 2378, 2556, 2626, 2716, 2773], 'S.': [953, 1369, 1494, 1498, 1585, 1683, 1977, 1983, 2203, 2211, 2233, 2336, 2604, 2665], 'V.': [954], 'Ollinger,': [955, 2202], 'Federer,': [958], 'B.': [960, 1028, 1159, 1824, 1942], 'Reich,': [961], 'L.': [963, 1061, 1731, 1758, 2283, 2454, 2562, 2577], 'Goulden,': [964], 'Kicklighter,': [967], 'G.': [973, 1004, 1137, 1445, 1500, 1635, 1707, 2208, 2215, 2303, 2507, 2511, 2750, 2755], 'Lathrop': [974], '1995.': [976, 1347, 1370, 1533, 1768], 'Predicting': [977], 'effects': [979, 1796], 'climate': [981], 'change': [982], 'on': [983, 1069, 1173, 1245, 1284, 1800, 2269, 2545], 'water': [984], 'yield': [985], 'Northeastern': [991, 1212, 1256], 'United': [992, 1213, 1257, 2467, 2675], 'States.': [993, 1214, 1258, 2676], 'Climate': [994], '5:': [996], '207–222.': [997], '10.3354/cr005207': [998], 'Ågren,': [1003], 'I.,': [1005], 'E.': [1007, 1089, 1138, 1310, 1433, 1476, 1562, 1634, 1668, 1708, 1712, 1930, 2212, 2427, 2751], 'Bosatta': [1008], '1988.': [1010, 1031, 2042, 2337, 2403], 'terrestrial': [1014, 1166, 1593, 1691], 'Pollution': [1017, 1850, 2475], '54:': [1018], '185–197.': [1019], '10.1016/0269-7491(88)90111-X': [1020], 'Axelson,': [1025], 'G.,': [1026, 1978], 'Berg': [1029], 'Fixation': [1032, 1314], 'ammonia': [1034, 1316, 2180], '(15N)': [1035], 'Pinus': [1037], 'silvestris': [1038], 'needle': [1039], 'litter': [1040], 'different': [1042], 'stages': [1043], 'decompositon.': [1045], 'Scandinavian': [1046], 'Journal': [1047, 1122, 1215, 1259, 1294, 1621, 1658, 1748, 1867, 1965, 2082, 2122, 2415], '273–279.': [1052], '10.1080/02827588809382515': [1053], 'Beier,': [1058], 'C.,': [1059, 2036, 2597], 'Rasmussen': [1062], '1994.': [1064, 1793, 1835, 1880, 2009, 2563], 'Effects': [1065, 1241, 1278], 'whole-ecosystem': [1067], 'manipulations': [1068], 'internal': [1071, 2644], 'processes.': [1072, 2322], '9:': [1078, 1360, 2623], '218–223.': [1079], '10.1016/0169-5347(94)90247-X': [1080], 'Bolster,': [1085], 'L.,': [1087, 1732], 'Martin,': [1090, 1931], '1996.': [1096, 1406, 1987], 'Interactions': [1097], 'between': [1098, 1592, 1690, 2492], 'precision': [1099], 'generality': [1101], 'development': [1104], 'calibrations': [1106], 'determination': [1109], 'carbon': [1111], 'fraction': [1112], 'concentration': [1115, 1960], 'foliage': [1117], 'near-infrared': [1119], 'reflectance.': [1120], 'Canadian': [1121, 1964, 2081, 2121], '26:': [1126], '590–600.': [1127], '10.1139/x26-068': [1128], 'CASWeb': [1129, 1183, 1267, 1301, 1363, 1471, 1662, 1972, 2089, 2163, 2277, 2330, 2422, 2479, 2657, 2740], 'Bormann,': [1133, 2749], 'F.': [1134, 1274, 1309, 1501, 1505, 1827, 2185, 2747], 'H.,': [1135, 1822, 2168, 2746], 'Likens': [1139], '1979.': [1141, 2284], 'Pattern': [1142], 'process': [1144], 'forested': [1147, 1847, 1916], 'ecosystem.': [1148], 'Springer-Verlag,': [1149, 2498], 'York,': [1151, 1153, 2296, 2298, 2500, 2502], 'USA.': [1154, 1386, 1555, 1620, 1818, 2031, 2199, 2299, 2392, 2503, 2523, 2592, 2687], 'Google': [1155, 1387, 1525, 1556, 1604, 1702, 1819, 1888, 2032, 2051, 2200, 2300, 2393, 2504, 2524, 2593, 2688], '1986.': [1160], 'Gaseous': [1161], 'undisturbed': [1165], 'ecosystems:': [1167], 'an': [1168, 2706], 'assessment': [1169], 'their': [1171], 'impacts': [1172], 'local': [1174], 'global': [1176], 'budgets.': [1178], 'Biogeochemistry': [1179, 1424, 2346], '2:': [1180], '249–279.': [1181], '10.1007/BF02180161': [1182], '1990.': [1201, 1486, 2486], 'nitrous': [1203, 1247, 2406], 'oxide': [1204, 1248, 1740, 2312, 2407], 'fluxes': [1205, 1249], 'Geophysical': [1217, 1261, 1296], '95:': [1219], '13997–14005.': [1220], '10.1029/JD095iD09p13997': [1221], 'annual': [1246], '96': [1263], 'D5': [1264], '9321–9328.': [1265], '10.1029/91JD00151': [1266], 'Brumme,': [1271], 'R.,': [1272], 'Beese': [1275], 'liming': [1280], 'CO2': [1287], 'forest.': [1293, 1466, 2440], '97:': [1298], '12851–12858.': [1299], '10.1029/92JD01217': [1300], 'Burge,': [1305], 'Broadbent': [1311], '1961.': [1313], 'organic': [1318, 1411, 1909, 2109], 'soils.': [1319, 1356, 1512, 1675, 1866, 2182, 2192, 2290, 2551, 2618], 'Science': [1321, 1654, 1722, 2441], 'Society': [1322, 1655, 2194], 'America': [1324, 1657], 'Proceedings': [1325], '25:': [1326, 2737], '199–204.': [1327], '10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500030018x': [1328], 'CASGoogle': [1329, 1755], 'Castro,': [1331], 'S.,': [1333, 1391], 'atmospheric': [1350, 2227], 'methane': [1351, 2546], 'consumption': [1352, 1575], 'Global': [1357], 'Biogeochemical': [1358], 'Cycles': [1359], '1–10.': [1361], '10.1029/94GB02651': [1362], 'Currie,': [1367, 1389], 'floor': [1372, 2369], 'leachate': [1373], 'biogeochemistry': [1374], 'decomposition': [1376], 'dynamics.': [1377], 'Dissertation.': [1378, 1810], 'McDowell,': [1397], 'Vertical': [1407], 'transport': [1408], 'dissolved': [1410], 'C': [1412], 'under': [1415], 'long-term': [1416, 2021], 'forests.': [1423], '35:': [1425], '471–505.': [1426], '10.1007/BF02183037': [1427], 'Davidson,': [1432, 1475], 'A.,': [1434, 1477, 1892, 2528], 'Matson,': [1437], 'Vitousek,': [1440, 2690, 2720], 'Riley,': [1442], 'Dunkin,': [1444], 'Garcia-Mendez,': [1446], 'Maass': [1450], 'Processes': [1453], 'regulating': [1454], 'NO': [1458, 1570], 'seasonally': [1463], 'dry': [1464], 'tropical': [1465], '74:': [1468], '130–139.': [1469], '10.2307/1939508': [1470], 'Myrold,': [1480], 'Groffman': [1484], 'Denitrification': [1487], 'Pages': [1492, 1578, 1676, 2183, 2575], '196–220.': [1493], 'Gessel,': [1496], 'Lacate,': [1499], 'Weetman,': [1502], 'Powers,': [1506], 'editors.': [1507, 1587, 1685], 'Sustained': [1508], 'productivity': [1509], 'Faculty': [1513], 'Forestry': [1515], 'publication.': [1516], 'British': [1519, 1522], 'Columbia,': [1520, 1523], 'Vancouver,': [1521], 'Canada.': [1524, 2470], 'EPA': [1527, 1542], '[United': [1528], 'States': [1529, 2468], 'Protection': [1531, 1546], 'Agency].': [1532], 'Acid': [1534, 1716], 'deposition': [1535, 2228, 2463, 2642], 'standard': [1536], 'feasibility': [1537], 'study': [1538], 'report': [1539], 'Congress.': [1541], '430-R-95-001.': [1543], 'U.S.': [1544], 'Agency,': [1547], 'Office': [1548], 'Air': [1550, 2430, 2487], 'Radiation,': [1552], 'Washington,': [1553, 2590, 2684, 2686], 'D.C.,': [1554, 2591], 'Firestone,': [1558], 'K.,': [1560, 2663], 'Davidson': [1564], 'Microbiological': [1567], 'basis': [1568], 'soil.': [1577], '1–21.': [1579], 'O.': [1581, 1679], 'Andreae': [1582, 1680], 'Schimel,': [1586, 1684, 2334, 2354], 'Exchange': [1588, 1686], 'trace': [1590, 1688], 'gases': [1591, 1689], 'atmosphere.': [1597, 1695, 2414], '&': [1600, 1698, 2293], 'Sons,': [1601, 1699, 2294], 'Chichester,': [1602, 1700, 2049], 'England.': [1603, 1701, 1887, 2050], 'Foster,': [1606, 1631, 2058], 'Land-use': [1610], 'history': [1611], '(1730–1990)': [1612], 'vegetation': [1614], 'dynamics': [1615, 2111], 'central': [1617], 'England,': [1619], '80:': [1624, 2160], '753–772.': [1625], '10.2307/2260864': [1626], 'N.': [1632, 1823, 2039, 2056, 2600], 'W.,': [1633, 2508], 'Beauchamp,': [1636], 'T.': [1639, 1927, 2596, 2634, 2754], 'Corke': [1640], 'Immobilization': [1643], 'nitrogen-15-labelled': [1645], 'urea': [1646], 'jack': [1649], 'floor.': [1652], '49:': [1659], '448–452.': [1660, 1753], '10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900020035x': [1661], 'Galbally,': [1666], 'I.': [1667, 1829, 2063], 'NOx': [1672], '23–37.': [1677], 'Galloway,': [1704], 'N.,': [1706, 2632], 'Likens,': [1709, 2752], 'Hawley': [1713], '1984.': [1715, 1738, 2144, 2256, 2640], 'precipitation:': [1717], 'natural': [1718], 'versus': [1719], 'anthropogenic': [1720], 'components.': [1721], '226:': [1723], '829–831.': [1724], '10.1126/science.226.4676.829': [1725], 'Goodroad,': [1730], 'Keeney': [1736], 'Nitrous': [1739, 2311], 'emission': [1741], 'forest,': [1743], 'marsh': [1744], 'prairie': [1746], 'Quality': [1751, 1870], '13:': [1752, 2126], '10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300030024x': [1754], 'Hedin,': [1757], 'O.,': [1759], 'Armesto,': [1762], 'Johnson': [1766], 'Patterns': [1769], 'nutrient': [1771, 2732], 'loss': [1772], 'unpolluted,': [1774], 'old-growth': [1775], 'forests:': [1777, 2490], 'evaluation': [1778], 'biogeochemical': [1780], 'theory.': [1781], '76:': [1783], '493–509.': [1784], '10.2307/1941208': [1785], 'Assessing': [1794], 'availability': [1799], 'tissue': [1805], 'chemistry': [1806, 1949, 1957, 2582], 'Hultberg,': [1821], 'Dise,': [1825], 'Wright,': [1828], 'Andersson,': [1830], 'U.': [1832, 2232], 'Nystrom': [1833], 'induced': [1838], 'during': [1839], 'winter': [1840], 'experimental': [1842], 'addition': [1844], 'catchment.': [1848], '84:': [1851, 2000], '145–147.': [1852], '10.1016/0269-7491(94)90097-3': [1853], 'Johnson,': [1858], '21:': [1871, 1969, 2375], '1–12.': [1872], '10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100010001x': [1873], 'Killham,': [1878], 'ecology.': [1882], 'Cambridge': [1883], 'Press,': [1885, 2388, 2520], 'Cambridge,': [1886], '1982.': [1901, 2173], 'role': [1903], 'matter': [1910, 2110], '63:': [1919, 2476], '1481–1490.': [1920], '10.2307/1938874': [1921], 'McLellan,': [1926], 'M.,': [1928, 2692, 2722], 'Dewey': [1943], 'Comparison': [1946], 'wet': [1948], 'near': [1951], 'infrared': [1952], 'reflectance': [1953], 'measurements': [1954], 'carbon-fraction': [1956], 'foliage.': [1963], '1689–1693.': [1970], '10.1139/x91-233': [1971], 'McNulty,': [1976], 'Newman': [1985], 'elevation': [1993], 'spruce–fir': [1994], 'Management': [1999], '109–121.': [2001], '10.1016/0378-1127(96)03742-5': [2002], 'Micks,': [2007], 'respiration': [2011], 'applications': [2014], 'stands:': [2018, 2077], 'short-': [2019], 'responses.': [2022], 'Thesis.': [2023], 'Miller,': [2034], 'Miller': [2040], 'Statistics': [2043], 'analytical': [2045], 'chemistry.': [2046], 'Ellis': [2047, 2220], 'Horwood,': [2048], 'Mitchell,': [2053], 'J.,': [2055, 2095, 2135, 2244, 2396], 'Shepard,': [2061], 'Morrison': 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[2390], 'California,': [2391], 'Schmidt,': [2395], 'Seiler,': [2398], 'Conrad': [2401], 'Emission': [2404], 'Atmospheric': [2417], 'Chemistry': [2418], '95–118.': [2420], '10.1007/BF00048334': [2421], 'Schulze,': [2426], 'pollution': [2431, 2488], 'decline': [2434], 'spruce': [2437], '(Picea': [2438], 'abies)': [2439], '244:': [2442], '776–783.': [2443], '10.1126/science.244.4906.776': [2444], 'Shannon,': [2449], 'Sisterson': [2455], 'Estimation': [2458], 'S': [2460], 'NOx-N': [2462], 'Water,': [2471], 'Air,': [2472], '211–235.': [2477], '10.1007/BF00475491': [2478], 'Smith,': [2483], 'interaction': [2491], 'air': [2493], 'contaminants': [2494], 'Snedecor,': [2506], 'Cochran': [2512], '1967.': [2514], 'Statistical': [2515], 'Iowa': [2517], 'State': [2518], 'Ames,': [2521], 'Iowa,': [2522], 'Influence': [2541], 'Nature': [2552, 2653], '341:': [2553], '314–316.': [2554], '10.1038/341314a0': [2555], 'Stoddard,': [2560], 'Long-term': [2564], 'changes': [2565], 'watershed': [2567], 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