Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4241280867', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v2i3.288', 'title': 'The United Nation’s Responsibility to Protect Civilians from Massive Human Rights Violations in Light of the Intervention in the Libyan Crisis in 2011', 'display_name': 'The United Nation’s Responsibility to Protect Civilians from Massive Human Rights Violations in Light of the Intervention in the Libyan Crisis in 2011', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4241280867', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v2i3.288'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v2i3.288', 'pdf_url': 'https://abc.us.org/ojs/index.php/abcra/article/download/288/699', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210211352', 'display_name': 'ABC Research Alert', 'issn_l': '2413-5224', 'issn': ['2413-5224'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://abc.us.org/ojs/index.php/abcra/article/download/288/699', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043502953', 'display_name': 'Nuruye Beyan Feleke', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4537092', 'display_name': 'Addis Ababa University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/038b8e254', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4537092']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Nuruye Beyan Feleke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4537092']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5043502953'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4537092'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.425, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.75208, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 66, 'max': 73}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12752', 'display_name': 'Global Peace and Security Dynamics', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12752', 'display_name': 'Global Peace and Security Dynamics', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10749', 'display_name': 'International Law and Human Rights', 'score': 0.9697, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/responsibility-to-protect', 'display_name': 'Responsibility to Protect', 'score': 0.9608145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-intervention', 'display_name': 'Humanitarian Intervention', 'score': 0.75527143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/international-community', 'display_name': 'International community', 'score': 0.7059208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crimes-against-humanity', 'display_name': 'Crimes against humanity', 'score': 0.6177759}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/summit', 'display_name': 'Summit', 'score': 0.55722606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/impunity', 'display_name': 'Impunity', 'score': 0.43606663}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776508615', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167524', 'display_name': 'Responsibility to protect', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9608145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186229450', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008', 'display_name': 'Sovereignty', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76476586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777095168', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143267', 'display_name': 'Humanitarian intervention', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.75527143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204342414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397', 'display_name': 'Genocide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7267365}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779872411', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161', 'display_name': 'International community', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7059208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169437150', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458', 'display_name': 'Human rights', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.677192}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776429423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173462', 'display_name': 'Crimes against humanity', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6177759}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5958348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778848561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207326', 'display_name': 'Summit', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55722606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5348398}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49344698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195064531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135010', 'display_name': 'War crime', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4746119}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780665704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298', 'display_name': 'Intervention (counseling)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4721451}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48103436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031', 'display_name': 'State (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45658132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191795146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446', 'display_name': 'Norm (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44980916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55447825', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526', 'display_name': 'International law', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43620336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780224667', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745341', 'display_name': 'Impunity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43606663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100970517', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107', 'display_name': 'Physical geography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v2i3.288', 'pdf_url': 'https://abc.us.org/ojs/index.php/abcra/article/download/288/699', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210211352', 'display_name': 'ABC Research Alert', 'issn_l': '2413-5224', 'issn': ['2413-5224'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.18034/abcra.v2i3.288', 'pdf_url': 'https://abc.us.org/ojs/index.php/abcra/article/download/288/699', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210211352', 'display_name': 'ABC Research Alert', 'issn_l': '2413-5224', 'issn': ['2413-5224'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.84}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4210703292', 'https://openalex.org/W3123917450', 'https://openalex.org/W3123513604', 'https://openalex.org/W2480225052', 'https://openalex.org/W2289576592', 'https://openalex.org/W2176221506', 'https://openalex.org/W2062758215', 'https://openalex.org/W1982613028', 'https://openalex.org/W1743935453', 'https://openalex.org/W102816895'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 223], 'international': [1, 95], 'community': [2, 96], 'was': [3, 26, 293, 321, 336, 341], 'criticized': [4], 'when': [5, 17, 99], 'it': [6, 18, 81, 187, 320, 335], 'decided': [7], 'to': [8, 62, 85, 97, 106, 132, 149, 177, 204, 210, 225, 235, 245, 279, 297, 302, 324, 343, 345, 353], 'intervene,': [9], 'as': [10, 22, 64, 78], 'in': [11, 23, 34, 37, 103, 140, 213, 218, 230, 248, 278, 283, 349, 365], 'Somalia,': [12], 'Bosnia': [13], 'and': [14, 16, 117, 126, 148, 172, 183, 192, 266, 329, 388], 'Kosovo,': [15], 'did': [19], 'not': [20, 194, 295], 'intervene': [21, 98], 'Rwanda.': [24], 'It': [25], 'against': [27, 110, 118], 'this': [28, 68, 201], 'background': [29], 'that': [30, 186, 242, 319, 339, 361, 376], 'Kofi': [31], 'Annan': [32], 'argued,': [33], 'September': [35], '1999,': [36], 'the': [38, 41, 71, 87, 94, 100, 123, 130, 141, 143, 146, 150, 161, 170, 175, 207, 216, 219, 231, 238, 253, 261, 267, 274, 281, 289, 307, 310, 316, 326, 362, 372, 377], 'defense': [39], 'of': [40, 73, 90, 115, 129, 145, 153, 174, 200, 215, 233, 255, 291, 309, 331, 391], 'individual': [42], 'sovereignty': [43], 'over': [44, 169], 'state': [45, 101], 'sovereignty.': [46], 'He': [47], 'asked,': [48], '‘if': [49], 'humanitarian': [50], 'intervention': [51, 217, 364], 'is': [52, 166, 203], 'an': [53, 137, 256], 'unacceptable': [54], 'attack': [55], 'on': [56, 386], 'sovereignty,': [57, 92], 'how': [58, 234], 'can': [59], 'we': [60], 'respond': [61], 'cases': [63], 'Rwanda': [65], 'or': [66], 'Srebrenica?’In': [67], 'sense,': [69], 'with': [70, 237, 252], 'recovery': [72], 'Francis': [74], 'Deng’s': [75], '1996': [76], '“sovereignty': [77], 'responsibilityâ€': [79], 'concept,': [80], 'would': [82], 'be': [83], 'possible': [84], 'abrogate': [86], 'categorical': [88], 'imperative': [89], 'traditional': [91], 'allowing': [93], 'fails': [102], 'its': [104, 108], 'responsibility': [105, 209, 224], 'protect': [107, 211, 226, 298], 'people': [109, 348], 'genocide,': [111], 'ethnic': [112], 'cleansing,': [113], 'crimes': [114], 'war': [116, 247, 352], 'humanity.The': [119], 'study': [120, 202, 317, 373], 'looks': [121], 'at': [122, 160], 'creation,': [124], 'development': [125, 144], 'eventual': [127, 151], 'adoption': [128, 152], '‘responsibility': [131], 'protect’': [133], '(R2P)': [134], 'norm,': [135, 147], 'from': [136, 306, 384], 'idea': [138], 'promulgated': [139], '1990sto': [142], 'a': [154, 189, 304, 350], 'heavily': [155], 'restricted': [156], 'yet': [157, 195], 'poignant': [158], 'principle': [159], '2005': [162], 'World': [163], 'Summit.': [164], 'There': [165], 'considerable': [167], 'debate': [168], 'status': [171], 'scope': [173], 'Responsibility': [176], 'Protect.': [178], 'On': [179], 'balance,': [180], 'most': [181], 'observers': [182], 'states': [184], 'believe': [185], 'remains': [188], 'political': [190], 'commitment': [191], 'has': [193, 227], 'acquired': [196], 'legal': [197], 'force.The': [198], 'purpose': [199], 'critically': [205], 'examine': [206], 'UN’s': [208], 'civilians': [212], 'light': [214], '2011': [220], 'Libyan': [221], 'crisis.': [222], 'been': [228], 'central': [229], 'discussion': [232], 'deal': [236], 'Arab': [239], 'spring': [240], 'revolts': [241], 'gave': [243], 'rise': [244], 'civil': [246, 351], 'Libya.': [249], 'In': [250], 'Libya,': [251, 284], 'help': [254], 'UN': [257], 'authorized': [258], 'NATO': [259, 363], 'intervention,': [260], 'Gaddafi': [262, 340, 383], 'authoritarian': [263], 'regime': [264, 313], 'ended': [265], 'former': [268], 'rebel': [269], 'forces': [270, 379], 'are': [271], 'now': [272], 'leading': [273], 'transitional': [275], 'process.': [276], 'Taking': [277], 'account': [280], 'events': [282], 'many': [285], 'have': [286, 380], 'questioned': [287], 'whether': [288], 'concept': [290], 'R2P': [292], 'used': [294], 'only': [296], 'civilians,': [299], 'but': [300], 'also': [301], 'fulfill': [303], 'desire,': [305], 'beginning': [308], 'mission,': [311], 'for': [312], 'change.': [314], 'However,': [315], 'argued': [318, 360, 375], 'very': [322, 327], 'difficult': [323], 'enforce': [325], 'intents': [328], 'objectives': [330], 'Resolution': [332, 369], '1973,': [333, 370], 'because': [334], 'obvious': [337], 'enough': [338], 'prepared': [342], 'continue': [344], 'slaughter': [346], 'his': [347], 'retain': [354], 'power.': [355], 'Thus,': [356], 'even': [357], 'if': [358], 'some': [359], 'Libya': [366], 'acted': [367], 'beyond': [368], 'nevertheless,': [371], 'strongly': [374], 'intervening': [378], 'indeed': [381], 'stopped': [382], 'marching': [385], 'Benghazi': [387], 'saved': [389], 'thousands': [390], 'lives.': [392]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4241280867', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T03:49:54.169332', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}