Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4240237734', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444', 'title': 'Carbon Black', 'display_name': 'Carbon Black', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4240237734', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21807591'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10446503', 'display_name': 'Environmental Health Perspectives', 'issn_l': '0091-6765', 'issn': ['0091-6765', '1552-9924'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319799', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319799', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316754'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences', 'National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'public-domain', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109810054', 'display_name': 'Robert J. McCunney', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'display_name': 'Cranfield University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cncd958', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63966007', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042nb2s44', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138607', 'display_name': 'Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03s235554', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert J. McCunney', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004673339', 'display_name': 'Peter Morfeld', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-0701'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'display_name': 'Cranfield University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cncd958', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63966007', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042nb2s44', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138607', 'display_name': 'Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03s235554', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Morfeld', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088566213', 'display_name': 'Len Levy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-5018'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'display_name': 'Cranfield University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cncd958', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63966007', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042nb2s44', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138607', 'display_name': 'Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03s235554', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Len Levy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033523700', 'display_name': 'Henry J. Muranko', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'display_name': 'Cranfield University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cncd958', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63966007', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042nb2s44', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210138607', 'display_name': 'Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03s235554', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Henry Muranko', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom; Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: [email protected]; Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'https://openalex.org/I63966007']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Occupational Medicine at Cologne University, Cologne, Germany', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Emeritus Professor, Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Muranko and Associates, Scottsdale, Arizona', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210138607']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.618474, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '119', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Air Quality and Health Impacts', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Air Quality and Health Impacts', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10433', 'display_name': 'Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment', 'score': 0.9962, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1306', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11002', 'display_name': 'Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44038986', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764245', 'display_name': 'Carbon black', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6076688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21677354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C176933379', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877', 'display_name': 'Natural rubber', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000393', 'descriptor_name': 'Air Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004391', 'descriptor_name': 'Dust', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000393', 'descriptor_name': 'Air Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002244', 'descriptor_name': 'Carbon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010316', 'descriptor_name': 'Particle Size', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10446503', 'display_name': 'Environmental Health Perspectives', 'issn_l': '0091-6765', 'issn': ['0091-6765', '1552-9924'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319799', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319799', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316754'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences', 'National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'public-domain', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3237362', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3237362?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3237362', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21807591', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S10446503', 'display_name': 'Environmental Health Perspectives', 'issn_l': '0091-6765', 'issn': ['0091-6765', '1552-9924'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319799', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319799', 'https://openalex.org/P4310316754'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences', 'National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'public-domain', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 10, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1973052294', 'https://openalex.org/W1974316897', 'https://openalex.org/W2000379076', 'https://openalex.org/W2019340094', 'https://openalex.org/W2035375411', 'https://openalex.org/W2053986606', 'https://openalex.org/W2082121343', 'https://openalex.org/W2094126618', 'https://openalex.org/W2116237065', 'https://openalex.org/W2150092742'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W843632788', 'https://openalex.org/W2492670711', 'https://openalex.org/W2393215360', 'https://openalex.org/W2389217451', 'https://openalex.org/W2380341585', 'https://openalex.org/W2359628926', 'https://openalex.org/W2358385796', 'https://openalex.org/W2350238916', 'https://openalex.org/W2122660556', 'https://openalex.org/W1985912076'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Vol.': [0, 1060, 1236], '119,': [1, 1237], 'No.': [2, 1238], '8': [3, 1239], 'CorrespondenceOpen': [4], 'AccessCarbon': [5], 'Blackis': [6], 'accompanied': [7], 'byResearch': [8], 'Recommendations': [9, 82, 1214], 'for': [10, 33, 43, 53, 64, 83, 94, 217, 303, 339, 352, 445, 556, 750, 815, 1021, 1215], 'Selected': [11, 84, 1216], 'IARC-Classified': [12, 85, 1217], 'AgentsCarbon': [13], 'Black:': [14, 1225], 'Kuempel': [15, 1226], 'et': [16, 88, 113, 181, 348, 391, 394, 457, 490, 507, 1227], 'al.': [17, 89, 114, 182, 349, 392, 395, 458, 491, 508, 1228], 'Respond': [18], 'Robert': [19, 29], 'J.': [20, 30], 'McCunney,': [21], 'Peter': [22, 40], 'Morfeld,': [23], 'Len': [24, 50], 'Levy,': [25], 'and': [26, 60, 105, 133, 140, 143, 158, 167, 172, 206, 213, 248, 259, 273, 322, 345, 407, 431, 441, 472, 516, 522, 541, 545, 558, 568, 575, 597, 602, 631, 636, 643, 649, 689, 698, 701, 745, 759, 818, 821, 845, 866, 892, 1046, 1053, 1058, 1079, 1087, 1094, 1118, 1124, 1139, 1157, 1168, 1194, 1312, 1353], 'Henry': [27, 61], 'Muranko': [28, 62, 688], 'McCunney': [31, 274, 346, 808, 861, 887, 911, 1119], 'Search': [32, 42, 52, 63], 'more': [34, 44, 54, 65], 'papers': [35, 45, 55, 66], 'by': [36, 46, 56, 67, 257, 659, 663, 899, 975], 'this': [37, 47, 57, 68, 380, 728], 'author': [38, 48, 58, 69], ',': [39, 49, 59], 'Morfeld': [41, 603, 969], 'Levy': [51, 1116], 'Published:1': [70], 'August': [71, 936, 1240, 1252, 1256], '2011https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103444Cited': [72], 'by:5AboutSectionsPDF': [73], 'ToolsDownload': [74], 'CitationsTrack': [75], 'Citations': [76], 'ShareShare': [77], 'onFacebookTwitterLinked': [78], 'InReddit': [79], 'In': [80, 209, 252, 484, 562], '“Research': [81], 'Agents,”': [86], 'Ward': [87], '(2010)': [90, 183, 350, 396, 509], 'identified': [91], 'research': [92], 'gaps': [93], '20': [95], 'occupational': [96, 153, 325, 402, 540], 'agents': [97], '“based': [98], 'on': [99, 130, 265, 366, 454, 723, 757, 1131, 1165], 'evidence': [100], 'of': [101, 145, 161, 178, 188, 220, 229, 241, 284, 309, 313, 379, 388, 410, 419, 421, 461, 477, 504, 525, 550, 628, 646, 651, 677, 681, 687, 713, 727, 762, 789, 848, 917, 925, 949, 982, 1090, 1101, 1137, 1162, 1173, 1202, 1275, 1281, 1329], 'widespread': [102], 'human': [103], 'exposures': [104, 134, 247], 'potential': [106, 983, 1088], 'carcinogenicity': [107], 'in': [108, 135, 170, 193, 292, 356, 385, 424, 450, 501, 538, 623, 633, 706, 791, 842, 874, 922, 953, 978, 987, 993, 1055, 1170, 1199, 1205, 1254, 1316], 'animals': [109], 'or': [110, 675, 680], 'humans.”': [111], '(Ward': [112], '2010)': [115], 'For': [116], 'carbon': [117, 147, 156, 190, 195, 222, 230, 269, 332, 369, 405, 465, 512, 528, 535, 552, 571, 652, 794, 849, 927, 955], 'black,': [118], 'the': [119, 176, 227, 239, 282, 285, 289, 304, 314, 331, 340, 367, 417, 502, 520, 594, 611, 626, 640, 647, 660, 667, 678, 682, 714, 754, 763, 792, 843, 918, 988, 1272, 1327, 1330], 'authors': [120, 605, 976], 'suggested': [121, 198, 510], 'thatResearch': [122], 'needs': [123, 1357], 'include': [124], 'updating': [125], 'epidemiology': [126], 'cohorts': [127, 224, 467], 'with': [128, 429, 625, 1096, 1269, 1294, 1349], 'data': [129], 'work': [131, 329, 1348], 'histories': [132], 'relation': [136], 'to': [137, 155, 185, 254, 280, 324, 328, 404, 474, 580, 592, 610, 639, 985, 1292, 1298, 1306, 1322, 1326, 1351], 'particle': [138, 179, 495, 514, 595], 'size': [139, 515, 596, 989], 'surface': [141, 517, 569, 598], 'area,': [142], 'recruitment': [144], 'additional': [146], 'black': [148, 157, 191, 196, 223, 231, 270, 333, 370, 406, 466, 513, 553, 572, 795, 850, 865, 891, 928, 956], 'facilities.': [149, 997], 'The': [150, 1102], 'relationship': [151, 400], 'between': [152, 401], 'exposure': [154, 323, 361, 403, 496, 578, 872, 897, 984], 'validated': [159, 408], 'biomarkers': [160, 409, 420], 'oxidative': [162, 411, 422], 'stress': [163, 412, 423], 'should': [164, 413, 583], 'be': [165, 414, 584], 'examined': [166], 'exposure–response': [168, 354], 'relationships': [169], 'humans': [171], 'rodents': [173], 'quantified,': [174], 'including': [175], 'role': [177, 500], 'size.Ward': [180], 'referred': [184], 'a': [186, 200, 234, 266, 310, 359, 451, 485, 499, 617, 691, 748, 870, 875, 895, 923, 979, 1200], 'study': [187, 788], 'British': [189, 286], 'workers': [192], 'which': [194, 243], 'was': [197, 656], 'as': [199, 233, 335, 448, 565, 607, 703], 'possible': [201], '“late': [202], 'stage': [203, 236], 'carcinogen”': [204], '(Sorahan': [205], 'Harrington': [207, 214, 943], '2007).': [208], 'that': [210, 398, 494, 590, 694, 1300], 'study,': [211], 'Sorahan': [212, 258], '(2007)': [215], 'called': [216, 351], 'similar': [218], 'analyses': [219, 264, 637], 'other': [221], '(i.e.,': [225], 'evaluating': [226, 511], 'possibility': [228], 'acting': [232], 'late': [235, 305], 'carcinogen': [237], 'via': [238], 'concept': [240], '“lugging,”': [242], 'considers': [244], 'only': [245], 'recent': [246, 452, 486], 'not': [249, 438, 443, 576, 1320], 'historical': [250], 'exposures).': [251], 'response': [253], 'suggestions': [255], 'made': [256, 974], 'Harrington,': [260], 'we': [261], 'conducted': [262], 'such': [263, 434, 564], 'large': [267], 'German': [268, 296, 315, 876, 926], 'cohort': [271, 297, 316, 371, 381, 786, 924], '(Morfeld': [272, 344], '2007,': [275], '2009).': [276], 'We': [277], 'were': [278], 'unable': [279], 'reproduce': [281], 'results': [283], 'analysis,': [287], 'despite': [288], 'elevation': [290], 'noted': [291, 449, 493], 'lung': [293, 341, 867, 893, 919, 950], 'cancer': [294, 342, 389, 920, 951], 'among': [295], 'workers,': [298, 958], 'thus': [299], 'providing': [300], 'no': [301, 383], 'support': [302, 1270], 'stage-lugging': [306], 'hypothesis.': [307], 'Results': [308], 'detailed': [311], 'analysis': [312, 362, 948], 'using': [317], 'Bayesian': [318, 914], 'methodology': [319], 'showed': [320, 382], 'smoking': [321], 'carcinogens': [326], 'prior': [327], 'at': [330], 'plant': [334], 'confounders': [336], 'probably': [337], 'responsible': [338], 'excess': [343], '2010).Ward': [347], 'enhanced': [353], 'assessments': [355], 'humans.': [357], 'Currently,': [358], 'dose–response': [360], 'is': [363, 480, 554, 573, 685, 1264, 1285, 1304], 'under': [364, 482], 'way': [365], 'U.S.': [368, 793], '(>': [372], '5,000': [373], 'production': [374, 648, 929, 957, 996], 'workers).': [375], 'An': [376], 'earlier': [377, 725], 'evaluation': [378], 'increase': [384], 'any': [386, 664, 673], 'type': [387], '(Dell': [390], '2006).Ward': [393], 'recommended': [397], '“the': [399], 'examined.”': [415], 'Despite': [416], 'appeal': [418], 'pinpointing': [425], 'inflammatory': [426], 'changes': [427], 'associated': [428], 'malignant': [430], 'nonmalignant': [432], 'illnesses,': [433], 'markers': [435], 'are': [436, 530], 'nonspecific,': [437], 'well': [439], 'validated,': [440], 'appear': [442], '“ready': [444], 'prime': [446], 'time,”': [447], 'symposium': [453], 'nanotoxicology': [455], '(Fischman': [456], '2011).A': [459], 'meta-analysis': [460], 'all': [462, 1301, 1307], 'three': [463], 'major': [464], '(United': [468], 'States,': [469], 'United': [470], 'Kingdom,': [471], 'Germany)': [473], 'assess': [475, 1352], 'risk': [476, 579, 1167], 'heart': [478, 505], 'disease': [479], 'also': [481], 'way.': [483], 'position': [487], 'paper,': [488], 'Brook': [489], '(2004)': [492], 'may': [497, 1319], 'play': [498], 'development': [503], 'disease.Ward': [506], 'area.': [518], 'However,': [519, 1309], 'physical': [521], 'chemical': [523], 'properties': [524], 'untreated': [526], 'manufactured': [527, 551], 'blacks': [529], 'distinctly': [531], 'different': [532], 'from': [533, 753, 1271], 'ubiquitous': [534], 'core': [536], 'particulates': [537], 'both': [539], 'ambient': [542], 'atmospheres': [543], '(Kuhlbusch': [544], 'Fissan': [546, 837], '2006).': [547], 'Approximately': [548], '90%': [549], 'used': [555], 'tire': [557, 1091, 1097, 1174], 'automotive': [559], 'rubber': [560], 'products.': [561], 'products,': [563], 'toners,': [566], 'plastics,': [567], 'coatings,': [570], 'matrix-bound,': [574], 'an': [577, 724, 1265], 'end-users.': [581], 'Care': [582], 'taken': [585], 'when': [586], 'applying': [587], 'quantitative': [588], 'models': [589], 'claim': [591], 'address': [593], 'area': [599], 'topics': [600], '(Tomenson': [601], '2010).The': [604], 'serve': [606], 'scientific': [608], 'advisors': [609], 'International': [612, 715], 'Carbon': [613, 716, 864, 890, 1122], 'Black': [614, 717, 1123], 'Association': [615, 718], '(ICBA),': [616], 'scientific,': [618], 'non-profit': [619], 'corporation': [620], 'originally': [621], 'founded': [622], '1977,': [624], 'purpose': [627], 'sponsoring,': [629], 'conducting,': [630], 'participating': [632], 'investigations,': [634], 'research,': [635], 'relating': [638], 'health,': [641], 'safety,': [642], 'environmental': [644], 'aspects': [645], 'use': [650], 'black.': [653], 'This': [654], 'manuscript': [655], 'neither': [657], 'influenced': [658], 'ICBA': [661, 679], 'nor': [662, 669], 'company': [665, 693], 'funding': [666], 'ICBA,': [668], 'does': [670], 'it': [671], 'present': [672], 'view': [674], 'opinion': [676], 'companies.': [683], 'H.M.': [684], 'president': [686], 'Associates,': [690], 'consulting': [692], 'provides': [695], 'industrial': [696, 707], 'hygiene': [697], 'safety': [699, 708], 'services': [700], 'serves': [702], 'expert': [704], 'witness': [705], 'cases.The': [709], 'Scientific': [710], 'Advisory': [711], 'Group': [712], '(ICBA)': [719], 'gave': [720], 'helpful': [721], 'comments': [722], 'version': [726], 'letter.ReferencesBrook': [729], 'RD,': [730], 'Franklin': [731], 'B,': [732], 'Cascio': [733], 'W,': [734], 'Hong': [735], 'Y,': [736, 1070], 'Howard': [737], 'G,': [738, 1038], 'Lipsett': [739], 'Met': [740], 'al..': [741, 783, 1017], '2004.': [742], 'Air': [743], 'pollution': [744], 'cardiovascular': [746], 'disease:': [747], 'statement': [749], 'healthcare': [751], 'professionals': [752], 'Expert': [755], 'Panel': [756], 'Population': [758], 'Prevention': [760], 'Science': [761, 1100], 'American': [764], 'Heart': [765], 'Association.Circulation': [766], '109(21):2655-267115173049.': [767], 'Crossref,': [768, 801, 833, 856, 882, 906, 938, 964, 1002], 'Medline,': [769, 802, 857, 883, 907, 939, 965, 1003], 'Google': [770, 803, 834, 858, 884, 908, 940, 966, 1004, 1029], 'ScholarDell': [771], 'LD,': [772], 'Mundt': [773], 'KA,': [774], 'Luippold': [775], 'RS,': [776], 'Nunes': [777], 'AP,': [778], 'Cohen': [779], 'L,': [780, 1115], 'Burch': [781], 'MTet': [782], '2006.': [784, 839], 'A': [785, 946, 1192, 1196], 'mortality': [787], 'employees': [790], 'industry.J': [796], 'Occup': [797, 829, 852, 931], 'Environ': [798, 853], 'Med': [799, 830, 880, 904, 932, 962], '48(12):1219-122917159639.': [800], 'ScholarFischman': [804], 'M,': [805, 1034, 1113, 1188, 1190], 'Storey': [806], 'E,': [807], 'RJ,': [809], 'Kosnett': [810], 'M.': [811], '2011.': [812], 'National': [813, 1273, 1279], 'Institute': [814, 1274], 'Occupational': [816, 1133, 1138], 'Safety': [817], 'Health': [819, 823, 1025, 1223, 1234, 1277], 'Nanomaterials': [820], 'Worker': [822], 'Conference—medical': [824], 'surveillance': [825], 'session': [826], 'summary': [827], 'report.J': [828], '53(6)': [831], 'supplS35-S37.': [832], 'ScholarKuhlbusch': [835], 'TA,': [836], 'H.': [838], 'Particle': [840], 'characteristics': [841], 'reactor': [844], 'pelletizing': [846], 'areas': [847], 'production.J': [851], 'Hyg': [854], '3(10):558-56716998988.': [855], 'ScholarMorfeld': [859, 885, 909], 'P,': [860, 886, 910], 'RJ.': [862, 888], '2007.': [863, 945], 'cancer:': [868], 'testing': [869], 'new': [871], 'metric': [873, 898], 'cohort.Am': [877], 'J': [878, 902, 960], 'Ind': [879, 903, 961], '50(8):565-56717620319.': [881], '2009.': [889], 'cancer-testing': [894], 'novel': [896], 'multi-model': [900], 'inference.Am': [901], '52(11):890-89919753595.': [905], 'R..': [912], '2010.': [913, 971, 1018], 'bias': [915], 'adjustments': [916], 'SMR': [921], 'workers.J': [930], 'Toxicol': [933], '5:23;': [934], 'doi:10.1186/1745-6673-5-23[11': [935], '2010]20701747.': [937], 'ScholarSorahan': [941], 'T,': [942], 'JM.': [944], '“lugged”': [947], 'risks': [952], 'UK': [954], '1951–2004.Am': [959], '50(8):555-56417516558.': [963], 'ScholarTomenson': [967], 'JA,': [968], 'P.': [970], 'Multiple': [972], 'errors': [973], 'result': [977], 'huge': [980], 'overestimation': [981], 'particles': [986], 'range': [990], '10–30': [991], 'nm': [992], 'TiO2': [994], 'nanoparticle': [995], '[Letter]J': [998], 'Hazard': [999], 'Mater': [1000], '183:954-95520674172.': [1001], 'ScholarWard': [1005], 'EM,': [1006], 'Schulte': [1007], 'PA,': [1008], 'Straif': [1009], 'K,': [1010], 'Hopf': [1011], 'NB,': [1012], 'Caldwell': [1013], 'JC,': [1014], 'Carréon': [1015], 'Tet': [1016], 'Research': [1019], 'recommendations': [1020], 'selected': [1022], 'IARC-classified': [1023], 'agents.Environ': [1024], 'Perspect': [1026], '118:1355-136220562050.': [1027], 'Link,': [1028], 'ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [1030], 'By': [1031], 'Oviyaa': [1032], 'Sri': [1033], 'Ilangovan': [1035], 'S,': [1036, 1076, 1186], 'Srisugamathi': [1037], 'Nilofar': [1039], 'Nisha': [1040], 'J,': [1041], 'Akshhayya': [1042], 'C,': [1043, 1150, 1152, 1154], 'Sounder': [1044], 'S': [1045], 'Srilakkshmi': [1047], 'K': [1048, 1156], '(2021)': [1049, 1082], 'Techniques,': [1050], 'Methods,': [1051], 'Procedures': [1052], 'Protocols': [1054], 'Nanotoxicology': [1056, 1057], 'Nanoecotoxicology': [1059], '2,': [1061], '10.1007/978-3-030-69492-0_12,': [1062], '(267-302),': [1063], '.': [1064], 'Luo': [1065], 'Z,': [1066], 'Zhou': [1067, 1075], 'X,': [1068], 'Su': [1069], 'Wang': [1071], 'H,': [1072], 'Yu': [1073], 'R,': [1074], 'Xu': [1077], 'E': [1078], 'Xing': [1080], 'B': [1081], 'Environmental': [1083, 1140, 1276], 'occurrence,': [1084], 'fate,': [1085], 'impact,': [1086], 'solution': [1089], 'microplastics:': [1092], 'Similarities': [1093], 'differences': [1095], 'wear': [1098], 'particles,': [1099], 'Total': [1103], 'Environment,': [1104], '10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148902,': [1105], '795,': [1106], '(148902),': [1107], 'Online': [1108, 1145], 'publication': [1109, 1146], 'date:': [1110, 1147], '1-Nov-2021.': [1111], 'Yong': [1112], 'Anderle': [1114], 'L': [1117], 'R': [1120], '(2019)': [1121], 'Lung': [1125], 'Cancer': [1126], 'Mortality—A': [1127], 'Meta-regression': [1128], 'Analysis': [1129], 'Based': [1130], 'Three': [1132], 'Cohort': [1134], 'Studies,': [1135], 'Journal': [1136], 'Medicine,': [1141], '10.1097/JOM.0000000000001713,': [1142], '61:11,': [1143], '(949-00),': [1144], '1-Nov-2019.': [1148], 'Lai': [1149], 'Lin': [1151], 'Liao': [1153], 'Chuang': [1155], 'Peng': [1158], 'Y': [1159], '(2018)': [1160], 'Effects': [1161], 'heavy': [1163], 'metals': [1164], 'health': [1166], 'characteristic': [1169], 'surrounding': [1171], 'atmosphere': [1172], 'manufacturing': [1175], 'plant,': [1176], 'Taiwan,': [1177], 'RSC': [1178], 'Advances,': [1179], '10.1039/C7RA10994F,': [1180], '8:6,': [1181], '(3041-3050)': [1182], 'González': [1183], 'N,': [1184], 'Díaz': [1185], 'Wilches': [1187], 'Franky': [1189], 'Méndez': [1191], 'C': [1193], 'Herrera': [1195], '(2017)': [1197], 'Spirometry': [1198], 'population': [1201], 'coal': [1203], 'miners': [1204], 'Paipa,': [1206], 'Colombia,': [1207], 'Biomédica,': [1208], '10.7705/biomedica.v37i4.3364,': [1209], '37:4,': [1210], '(498)': [1211], 'Related': [1212], 'articlesResearch': [1213], 'AgentsJun': [1218], '18,': [1219], '2010,': [1220], '12:00:00': [1221, 1232], 'AMEnvironmental': [1222, 1233], 'PerspectivesCarbon': [1224], 'RespondAug': [1229], '1,': [1230], '2011,': [1231], 'Perspectives': [1235], '2011Metrics': [1241], 'Downloaded': [1242], '200': [1243], 'times': [1244], 'About': [1245], 'Article': [1246], 'Metrics': [1247], 'Publication': [1248], 'History': [1249], 'Originally': [1250], 'published1': [1251], '2011Published': [1253], 'print1': [1255], '2011': [1257], 'Financial': [1258], 'disclosuresPDF': [1259], 'download': [1260], 'License': [1261], 'information': [1262, 1331], 'EHP': [1263, 1296, 1317], 'open-access': [1266], 'journal': [1267, 1302, 1339], 'published': [1268, 1315], 'Sciences,': [1278], 'Institutes': [1280], 'Health.': [1282], 'All': [1283], 'content': [1284, 1303], 'public': [1286], 'domain': [1287], 'unless': [1288], 'otherwise': [1289], 'noted.': [1290], 'Note': [1291], 'readers': [1293], 'disabilities': [1295], 'strives': [1297], 'ensure': [1299], 'accessible': [1305], 'readers.': [1308], 'some': [1310], 'figures': [1311], 'Supplemental': [1313], 'Material': [1314], 'articles': [1318], 'conform': [1321], '508': [1323], 'standards': [1324], 'due': [1325], 'complexity': [1328], 'being': [1332], 'presented.': [1333], 'If': [1334], 'you': [1335, 1350], 'need': [1336], 'assistance': [1337], 'accessing': [1338], 'content,': [1340], 'please': [1341], 'contact': [1342], '[email': [1343], 'protected].': [1344], 'Our': [1345], 'staff': [1346], 'will': [1347], 'meet': [1354], 'your': [1355], 'accessibility': [1356], 'within': [1358], '3': [1359], 'working': [1360], 'days.': [1361]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4240237734', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T12:12:25.912468', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}