Publication Information

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'Gerais,': [277], 'Parana,': [278], 'Rio': [279], 'Janeiro,': [281], 'Santa': [282], 'Catarina,': [283], 'Sao': [284], 'Paulo),': [285], 'Chile,': [286], 'Ecuador,': [287], 'French': [288, 575], 'Guiana,': [289], 'Guyana,': [290], 'Peru,': [291], 'Paraguay,': [292], 'Uruguay,': [294], 'Venezuela.': [295], 'Introduced': [296], 'Region:': [299], 'Israel.': [300], 'Note:': [301, 508, 580], 'The': [302, 669, 701, 743, 834, 945, 988, 1172, 1355, 1658, 1793, 2202, 2655, 2675, 2727, 3271, 3429], 'species': [303, 354, 417, 582, 611, 702, 735, 744, 768, 790, 850, 1142, 1228, 1356, 1419, 1456, 1659, 2010, 2102, 3443], 'is': [304, 335, 379, 413, 529, 635, 703, 805, 827, 931, 990, 994, 1059, 1090, 1143, 1158, 1225, 1373, 1414, 1530, 1605, 1735, 1890, 2118, 2207, 2224, 2424, 2431, 2458, 2495], 'recorded': [305, 321, 438, 530], 'as': [306, 389, 422, 439, 597, 709, 739, 741, 1028, 1065, 1252, 1254, 1282, 1284, 1491, 1507, 1512, 1514, 1551, 1562, 1649, 1663, 1675, 1708, 2058, 2103, 2308, 2460, 2498, 2500], 'casual': [307, 440], 'Belgium.': [309], 'In': [310, 351, 398, 509, 761, 1139, 1817, 1845, 1915, 2006, 2142, 2420, 2453, 2557, 2889, 2976, 3031, 3362], '1999': [311], 'Ghent': [314, 359], 'port': [315, 327], 'area': [316], 'single': [318, 1067], 'plant': [319, 939, 947, 1068, 1173, 1536, 2063, 2112, 2206, 2618, 3217, 3360], 'was': [320, 355, 371, 401, 452, 583, 676, 769, 784, 1853, 1863, 1983, 2213], '2013': [324], 'Roeselare': [329], 'several': [330, 1133], 'individuals': [331, 2227], 'were': [332], 'reported.': [333], 'It': [334, 804, 900, 1224], 'suspected': [336, 381, 414], 'that': [337, 382, 415, 807, 874, 904, 1229, 1406, 1518, 1823, 2150, 2215], 'these': [338, 2485], 'plants': [339, 1671, 1753, 1939, 2070, 2262, 2334, 2378, 2475, 3248], 'did': [340], 'not': [341, 2268, 2339], 'establish': [342], '(no': [343], 'cypsela': [344, 992], 'had': [345, 2267], 'been': [346, 387, 420, 437, 595, 639, 793, 1102, 1451, 1485, 1609, 1647, 1821, 1921, 2028, 2134, 2269], 'observed': [347, 678, 1822, 2104], 'November': [349], '2013).': [350], 'Ghent,': [352], 'found': [356, 372, 402, 519, 584, 794, 1103, 1985], 'at': [357, 1150, 1415], 'train': [360], 'terminal': [361], 'where': [362], 'many': [363], 'kinds': [364], 'cereals': [366, 393], 'introduced,': [368], 'it': [370, 378, 400, 412, 1819, 2117, 2212], 'growing': [373, 1667, 2347], 'among': [374], 'typical': [375], 'soybean': [376, 396], 'aliens,': [377], 'therefore': [380, 746], 'P.': [383, 433, 633, 672, 1052, 1205, 1263, 1371, 1402, 1436, 1477, 1502, 1545, 1554, 1603, 1656, 1733, 1754, 1785, 1796, 1824, 1861, 1888, 1917, 1954, 1981, 2055, 2092, 2130, 2169, 2222, 2318, 2456, 2493], 'may': [385, 612, 745, 1519, 1632, 1660, 1801, 2255, 2386], 'introduced': [388, 421, 640, 1470, 1610], 'contaminant': [391, 424, 711, 1665, 1677, 1710], 'or': [394, 427, 621, 951, 1093, 1184, 1674, 1728, 2310], 'consignments.': [397], 'Roeselare,': [399], 'on': [403, 454, 681, 1073, 1109, 1752, 1765, 2540, 2561, 2861, 2893, 2947, 2983, 3233, 3369, 3647, 3729, 3760], 'rough': [404], 'ground': [405], 'surrounding': [406], 'pet': [408, 429], 'food': [409, 430, 713], 'mill,': [410], 'could': [418], 'birdseed': [426], 'other': [428, 622, 825, 1349, 1488, 1630, 1938, 2247, 2250], '(Verloove,': [431], '2006).': [432, 700], 'has': [435, 594, 791, 895, 901, 948, 1450, 1557, 1820, 1920, 2011, 2151], 'also': [436, 792, 1266, 1548, 1556, 1633, 1646, 1661, 1736, 1984, 2095, 2208, 2304, 2496], 'Poland': [442, 3257], '1938': [444], '(Mirek': [445], 'et': [446, 541, 625, 650, 698, 862, 1096, 1136, 1260, 1392, 1542, 1870, 1912, 2074, 2079, 2178, 2199, 2272, 2367, 2371, 3206, 3745], 'al.,': [447, 626, 651, 699, 863, 1097, 1137, 1261, 1543, 1871, 1913, 2075, 2080, 2179, 2200, 2273, 2368, 2372], '2002),': [448], 'but': [449, 593, 616, 724, 1160, 1363], 'detail': [451], 'provided': [453, 1156], 'its': [455, 607, 943, 1480, 2822, 3497], 'possible': [456], 'introduction.': [457], 'Asia:': [458], 'Bangladesh,': [459], 'Bhutan,': [460], 'China': [461], '(Guangdong,': [462], 'Guangxi,': [463], 'Guizhou,': [464], 'Hunan,': [465], 'Yunnan),': [466], 'India': [467, 644, 675, 708, 1614, 2137, 3469], '(Andhra': [468], 'Pradesh,': [469, 477, 484, 492], 'Assam,': [470], 'Bihar,': [471], 'Chandigarh,': [472], 'Delhi,': [473], 'Gujarat,': [474], 'Haryana,': [475], 'Himachal': [476], 'Jammu': [478], 'Kashmir,': [480], 'Karnataka,': [481], 'Kerala,': [482], 'Madhya': [483], 'Punjab,': [485], 'Maharashtra,': [486], 'Orissa,': [487], 'Rajasthan,': [488], 'Tamil': [489], 'Nadu,': [490], 'Uttar': [491], 'West': [493], 'Bengal),': [494], 'Japan,': [495], 'Nepal,': [496], 'Malaysia,': [497], 'Pakistan,': [498], 'Sri': [499], 'Lanka,': [500], 'Oman,': [501], 'Korea,': [504], 'Taiwan,': [505], 'Vietnam,': [506], 'Yemen.': [507], 'China,': [510], 'different': [512, 2441], 'biotype': [513], 'genetically': [514], 'distinct': [515], 'one': [518], 'south': [522], 'country': [525, 738], '(Guangxi,': [526], 'Yunnan,': [527], 'etc.)': [528, 1281, 1303, 1682], 'Eastern': [534], 'Province': [535], 'Shandong,': [537], 'according': [538, 2471], 'Tang': [540, 3599], 'al.': [542, 1393, 3207, 3746], '(2009).': [543], 'Africa:': [544], 'Comoros,': [545], 'Egypt,': [546], 'Eritrea,': [547], 'Ethiopia,': [548, 1846], 'Kenya,': [549], 'Madagascar,': [550], 'Mauritius,': [551], 'Mayotte,': [552], 'Mozambique,': [553], 'Reunion,': [554], 'Seychelles,': [555], 'Somalia,': [556], 'Africa,': [558, 2455], 'Swaziland,': [559], 'Tanzania,': [560], 'Uganda,': [561], 'Zimbabwe.': [562], 'Oceania:': [563], 'Australia': [564, 659, 1621, 2444, 3722], '(Queensland,': [565], 'Wales,': [568], 'Northern': [569, 763, 840, 2733], 'Territory,': [570, 841], 'Western': [571], 'Australia),': [572], 'Christmas': [573], 'Island,': [574], 'Polynesia,': [576], 'Caledonia,': [578], 'Vanuatu.': [579], 'disturbed': [587, 1217, 1241, 1758], 'site': [588], 'Papua': [590, 3028, 3521, 3534], 'Guinea': [592, 3536], 'declared': [596, 2433], 'eradicated': [598], '(SPC-PPS,': [599], '2003;': [600], 'Kawi': [601, 3017], '&': [602, 654, 836, 1025, 1032, 1169, 1201, 1388, 1462, 1814, 1838, 1941, 1975, 2002, 2045, 2083, 2139, 2159, 2415, 2479, 2520, 2582, 2609, 2641, 2671, 2695, 2750, 2773, 2806, 2835, 2875, 2914, 3004, 3019, 3038, 3050, 3071, 3098, 3131, 3151, 3174, 3243, 3267, 3292, 3312, 3348, 3390, 3425, 3454, 3475, 3490, 3569, 3603, 3634, 3702], 'Orapa,': [603], '2010).': [604, 842, 1087, 1544], 'Due': [605], 'inconspicuous': [608], 'appearance,': [609], 'well': [613, 1253, 1283, 1513, 2461], 'be': [614, 1062, 1196, 1505, 1549, 1774, 1802, 1924, 1960, 2031, 2156, 2297, 2331, 2387, 2477], 'present': [615], 'unreported': [617], 'additional': [619], 'African': [620, 3762], 'countries': [623], '(Wise': [624, 1911], '2007).': [627, 1816, 1914, 2085, 2141], 'History': [628, 3416], 'introduction': [630], 'spread': [632, 752, 847, 1737, 3358], 'thought': [636, 704, 1606], 'into': [641, 658, 1611, 1620], 'Ethiopia': [642, 1612], 'contaminated': [646, 661, 817, 1616, 1623], 'cereal': [647, 1617], 'grain': [648, 714, 1618, 1640, 1852, 1948, 3581], '(Fessehaie': [649], '2005;': [652, 2072, 2076, 2081], 'Sushilkumar': [653, 3489], 'Varshney,': [655], '2010),': [656], 'pasture': [662, 1624, 2043, 2300, 2385], 'seed': [663, 1625, 1631, 1900], 'from': [664, 716, 816, 1417, 1626, 1807, 2136, 2148, 2239, 2619, 3180, 3622], '(Everist,': [667], '1976).': [668], 'presence': [670, 732], 'first': [677], '1955': [680], 'outskirts': [683], 'Pune': [685], '(Maharashtra)': [686], 'described': [688, 852], 'botanically': [689], '1956': [691, 695], 'by': [692, 1008, 1056, 1487, 1695, 1725, 1855, 2231, 2294, 2504, 3574], 'Rao': [693, 2078, 3342, 3403, 3636], '(Rao,': [694], 'Kohli': [697, 3092], 'entered': [707], 'imported': [715], '1950s': [721], '1960s,': [723], 'herbarium': [725], 'specimens,': [726], 'catalogues': [727], 'notes': [729], 'indicate': [730], 'early': [740], '1810.': [742], 'remained': [748], 'uncommon': [749], 'then': [751, 785, 788, 2383], 'rapidly': [753], 'throughout': [754, 1866], 'plains': [756], 'along': [758, 773], 'hill': [759], 'tracks.': [760], 'Territory': [764, 2734], 'Australia,': [766, 2421, 2439], 'discovered': [770], '1977': [772], 'Elsey': [774], 'Creek': [775], 'Mataranka': [778], 'district': [779], 'an': [781, 1144, 1379, 1650, 1964, 2548, 3334, 3713], 'eradication': [782], 'program': [783], 'launched.': [786], 'Since': [787], 'Katherine,': [796], 'Tennant': [797], 'Creek,': [798], 'Borroloola': [799, 813], 'Roper': [802, 809], 'River.': [803], 'though': [806], 'River': [810], 'infestations': [814, 826], 'originated': [815], 'tomato': [818], 'seed,': [819, 1713], 'while': [820], 'origin': [822], 'unknown': [828], '(Department': [829, 2659], 'Natural': [831, 1430, 2661, 2724, 3144, 3415], 'Resources,': [832, 2662, 2725], 'Environment,': [833, 2726], 'Arts': [835, 2728], 'Sport,': [837, 2730], 'Government': [838, 2731], 'Pathways': [843, 1600], 'entry': [845, 1654], 'PRA': [856, 1307, 1746], '(EPPO,': [857], '2014)': [858], 'Brunel': [861, 2595], '2014.': [864], 'Morphology': [865], 'Plant': [866, 2685, 3280, 3526], 'type': [867], 'Erect,': [868], 'branched': [869], 'aromatic': [871], 'annual': [872, 1285, 1380], 'herb': [873, 886], 'can': [875, 887, 1117, 1148, 1195, 1230, 1265, 1504, 1547, 1826, 2094, 2155, 2171, 2313], 'grow': [876, 888], 'up': [877, 889, 1076, 1831, 1908], '2': [879], 'm': [880, 892], 'high.': [881], 'Description': [882], 'This': [883], 'erect': [884], 'ephemeral': [885], '1.5–2': [891], 'high': [893, 2017], 'deep': [897], 'tap': [898], 'root.': [899], 'branching': [902], 'stems': [903], 'become': [905], 'woody': [906], 'hairy': [908], 'age.': [910], 'Leaves': [911], 'alternate,': [913], 'finely': [914], 'lobed,': [915], 'covered': [916], 'fine': [918], 'soft': [919], 'hair,': [920], '3–20': [921], 'cm': [922, 926], 'long': [923, 984], '2–10': [925], 'wide.': [927], 'Once': [928], 'stem': [929], 'elongation': [930], 'initiated,': [932], 'smaller': [933], 'leaves': [934], 'produced': [936, 1124, 2147, 2340], 'becomes': [940], 'multi-branched': [941], 'extremities.': [944], 'whole': [946], 'bluish': [950], 'greyish-green': [952], 'appearance.': [953], 'Flower': [954], 'heads': [955], 'small': [957, 2336], '(4': [958], 'mm': [959, 983, 1015, 1386], 'across)': [960], 'numerous': [962], 'open': [964], 'panicles,': [965], 'creamy-white,': [966], '5': [968, 976], 'petals': [969], '(Fig.': [970], '1).': [971], 'Each': [972], 'flower': [973], 'produces': [974, 1069], 'about': [975], 'black': [977], 'achenes': [978], 'which': [979, 993, 1404, 1898, 2264, 2473], 'obovate,': [981], '2–2.5': [982], 'light': [986, 998], 'weight.': [987], 'fruit': [989, 1331, 1928], 'obovate': [995], 'ellipsoid,': [997], 'brown': [999, 1004], 'when': [1000, 1005, 1860, 1885, 2333, 2343], 'young': [1001], 'dark': [1003], 'mature,': [1006], 'crowned': [1007], 'persistent': [1009], 'corolla': [1010], 'appendages': [1011], 'style,': [1013], '2–3': [1014, 1192], '×': [1016], '1–2': [1017], 'mm,': [1018], 'pappus': [1019], 'absent': [1021], '(Haseler,': [1022], '1976;': [1023], 'Singh': [1024, 3069, 3452], 'Chandra,': [1026], '1982': [1027], 'reported': [1029, 1772, 1922, 1958, 2135, 2497], 'Kushwaha': [1031, 3129], 'Maurya,': [1033], '2012).': [1034], 'Figure': [1035], '1Open': [1036], 'figure': [1038], 'viewerPowerPoint': [1039], 'hysterophorus.': [1041, 1657, 2632, 2790, 2858, 3139, 3182, 3304, 3726], 'Photo': [1042], 'courtesy': [1043], 'Tuvia': [1045], 'Yaacoby': [1046, 2610], '(IL).': [1047], 'Biology': [1048, 2827], 'ecology': [1050, 2525], 'General': [1051], 'reproduces': [1054], 'only': [1055], 'seeds': [1057, 1072, 1080, 1100, 1108, 1125, 1691, 2279, 3301], 'known': [1060, 1439], 'highly': [1063], 'prolific,': [1064], '15': [1070], '000': [1071, 1079, 2014], 'average': [1074, 1965], '100': [1078], '(GISD': [1081], 'Database,': [1082, 1086], 'Global': [1083, 2852, 3766], 'Invasive': [1084, 2488, 2853, 2939, 3757, 3767], 'Species': [1085, 2489, 2740, 2854, 2940, 3759, 3768], 'Seed': [1088], 'viability': [1089], 'high,': [1091], '85%': [1092], 'higher': [1094], '(Navie': [1095, 1135, 1259, 2177], '1998).': [1098, 1138], 'Buried': [1099], 'last': [1105], 'longer': [1106, 1731], 'than': [1107, 1384], 'soil': [1111, 1164, 1369, 1516, 1723, 2284], 'surface,': [1112], 'significant': [1115], 'proportion': [1116], 'still': [1118], 'germinate': [1119, 1149], 'after': [1120, 1177], '8–10': [1121], 'years.': [1122], 'Freshly': [1123], 'demonstrate': [1126], 'degree': [1128], 'dormancy': [1130], '(up': [1131], 'months)': [1134], 'addition,': [1140, 2143], 'opportunistic': [1145], 'germinator.': [1146], 'Seeds': [1147], 'any': [1151, 2355], 'time': [1152], 'year': [1155, 1199, 2036], 'moisture': [1157], 'they': [1161, 2265], 'require': [1162], 'bare': [1163], 'so': [1167], '(Parsons': [1168], 'Cuthbertson,': [1170], '1992).': [1171, 2005, 2162], 'flowers': [1174], '4–8': [1175], 'weeks': [1176], 'germination,': [1178], 'flowering': [1180, 2380], 'continues': [1181], 'until': [1182], 'drought': [1183], 'frost': [1185], 'kills': [1186], 'plant.': [1188], 'Under': [1189], 'favourable': [1190], 'conditions,': [1191], 'life': [1193], 'cycles': [1194], 'completed': [1197], 'per': [1198, 1971, 2035], '(Fatimah': [1200], 'Ahmad,': [1202], '2009).': [1203], 'Habitats': [1204], 'grows': [1207], 'wide': [1210, 1366, 3157], 'habitats,': [1213], 'including': [1214], 'degraded': [1215, 1235], 'lands,': [1218], 'banks': [1219, 1256], 'streams': [1221], 'rivers.': [1223], 'pioneer': [1227], 'invade': [1231, 1267], 'grazing': [1232, 2019, 2291], 'land': [1233], 'pastures,': [1236, 1337], 'crops,': [1237, 1240, 1993], 'orchards,': [1238], 'summer': [1239, 1381], 'cultivated': [1243], 'areas,': [1244, 1251], 'forests,': [1245], 'railway': [1246], 'tracks': [1247], 'roadsides,': [1249], 'recreation': [1250], 'river': [1255, 1340], 'floodplains': [1258], '1996).': [1262, 2180], 'perennial': [1268], 'crops': [1269, 1286, 1328, 1836, 2321], '(alfalfa,': [1270], 'clover,': [1271], 'banana,': [1272], 'cardamom,': [1273], 'ginger,': [1274], 'coconut,': [1275], 'areca': [1276], 'nut,': [1277], 'mango,': [1278], 'citrus': [1279], 'species,': [1280], '(cotton,': [1287], 'pineapple,': [1288], 'rice,': [1289], 'sorghum,': [1290], 'tomato,': [1291], 'sugarcane,': [1292], 'onion,': [1293], 'cucumber,': [1294], 'watermelon,': [1295], 'groundnut,': [1296], 'tobacco,': [1297], 'garlic,': [1298], 'eggplant,': [1299, 1934], 'beans,': [1300, 1933], 'capsicum,': [1301], 'maize,': [1302], '(see': [1304, 1743], 'for': [1308, 1401, 1565, 1587, 1595, 1601, 1655, 1672, 1747, 1789, 2062, 2226, 2362, 2397, 2742, 2788, 2818, 3410, 3611], 'further': [1309, 1748], 'details': [1310], 'references).': [1312], 'According': [1313], 'Corine': [1316], 'Land': [1317], 'Cover': [1318], 'nomenclature,': [1319], 'following': [1321], 'habitats': [1322], 'invaded:': [1324], 'arable': [1325], 'land,': [1326, 1348], 'permanent': [1327], '(e.g.': [1329, 1639, 2322], 'vineyards,': [1330], 'tree': [1332], 'berry': [1334], 'plantations,': [1335], 'olive),': [1336], 'riverbanks/canalsides': [1338], '(dry': [1339], 'beds),': [1341], 'road': [1342], 'rail': [1344], 'networks': [1345], 'associated': [1347], 'artificial': [1350], 'surfaces': [1351, 1895], '(wastelands).': [1352], 'Environmental': [1353, 2086, 2826], 'requirements': [1354], 'prefers': [1357], 'neutral': [1358], 'alkaline': [1360], 'pH': [1361], 'soils,': [1362], 'tolerates': [1364], 'variety': [1367], 'types.': [1370], 'best': [1374], 'suited': [1375], 'areas': [1377, 2020, 2132], 'rainfall': [1382], 'greater': [1383], '500': [1385], '(Chamberlain': [1387], 'Gittens,': [1389], '2004).': [1390], 'Macconnachie': [1391, 3194], '(2010)': [1394, 2735, 2856, 3022, 3074, 3208, 3493], 'performed': [1395], 'climatic': [1397], 'projection': [1398], 'CLIMEX': [1400], 'concluded': [1405, 2214], 'within': [1407, 1442], 'region,': [1410], 'Mediterranean': [1412], 'Basin': [1413], 'risk': [1416], '(Algeria,': [1420], 'Croatia,': [1421], 'France,': [1422], 'Greece,': [1423], 'Italy,': [1424], 'Morocco,': [1425], 'Spain,': [1426], 'Tunisia,': [1427], 'Turkey,': [1428], 'etc.).': [1429], 'enemies': [1431, 1434], 'No': [1432, 2482], 'natural': [1433, 2097, 2882], 'occur': [1441, 1875], 'region.': [1445], 'While': [1446], 'classical': [1447], 'biological': [1448, 1524], 'control': [1449, 2038, 2316, 2390, 2702, 2760, 2973, 3055], 'effectively': [1452], 'employed': [1453], 'against': [1454], 'elsewhere': [1457], 'world': [1460], '(Dhileepan': [1461], 'McFadyen,': [1463], '2012),': [1464], 'absence': [1467], 'intentionally': [1469], 'agents': [1471, 2391], 'abundance': [1475], 'exotic': [1481], 'generally': [1484], 'determined': [1486], 'factors,': [1489], 'such': [1490], 'climate,': [1492], 'soils': [1493, 1528], 'disturbance': [1495], 'regimes': [1496], '(land': [1497], 'use).': [1498], 'Uses': [1499], 'benefits': [1501], 'used': [1506, 1550, 2394], 'green': [1508], 'manure,': [1509], 'compost,': [1511, 1720], 'improver': [1517], 'improve': [1520], 'physical,': [1521], 'chemical': [1522, 2357, 2972], 'properties': [1525], 'source': [1532], 'readily': [1534], 'micro-': [1537], 'macro-': [1539], 'nutrients': [1540, 1790], '(Kishor': [1541], 'bioherbicide.': [1553], 'medicial': [1558], 'uses,': [1559], 'particular': [1561], 'remedy': [1564], 'skin': [1566], 'inflammation,': [1567], 'rheumatic': [1568], 'pain,': [1569], 'diarrhoea,': [1570], 'urinary': [1571], 'tract': [1572], 'infections,': [1573], 'dysentery,': [1574], 'malaria': [1575], 'neuralgia.': [1577], 'Other': [1578], 'potential': [1579, 2361, 3211], 'uses': [1580], 'include': [1581], 'removal': [1582], 'heavy': [1584], 'metals,': [1585], 'substrate': [1586], 'commercial': [1588], 'enzyme': [1589], 'production,': [1590, 2054], 'additives': [1591], 'cattle': [1593, 2025, 2683], 'manure': [1594, 1718], 'biogas': [1596], 'production': [1597], '(Patel,': [1598], '2011).': [1599, 1980], 'movement': [1602, 2289], 'USA,': [1628], 'represent': [1634], 'pathway.': [1636], 'Used': [1637], 'machinery': [1638, 1727], 'harvesters,': [1641], 'vehicles,': [1642, 1726], 'military': [1643], 'equipment)': [1644], 'noted': [1648], 'important': [1651], 'pathway': [1652], 'enter': [1662], 'medium': [1668], 'attached': [1669], 'planting,': [1673], 'travellers': [1679], '(tourists,': [1680], 'migrants,': [1681], 'their': [1684], 'clothes,': [1685], 'shoes': [1686], 'luggage.': [1688], 'Locally,': [1689], 'dispersed': [1693], 'naturally': [1694], 'wind': [1696], 'water': [1698], 'usually': [1699], 'order': [1702], 'few': [1705], 'meters': [1706], 'hay,': [1712], 'harvested': [1714], 'material,': [1715, 2285], 'farmyard': [1717], 'through': [1721, 1776, 1876, 1930, 2280], 'livestock,': [1722], 'animals': [1729, 2292], 'over': [1730, 1779], 'distances.': [1732], 'via': [1738], 'cyclones': [1739], 'flooding': [1741], 'events': [1742], 'details).': [1749], 'Impact': [1750, 3639, 3751], 'Effects': [1751], 'aggressively': [1756], 'colonises': [1757], 'sites': [1759], 'causes': [1761], 'major': [1762], 'negative': [1763], 'impacts': [1764, 1794, 2123], 'pastures': [1766], 'crops.': [1768], 'Crop': [1769], 'losses': [1770, 1829, 1904, 2022], 'primarily': [1775], 'allelopathic': [1777], 'effects': [1778, 1874], 'above': [1781], 'ability': [1783], 'compete': [1788], 'moisture.': [1792], 'upon': [1798, 1892, 2052, 2124], 'cropping': [1799, 3711], 'systems': [1800], 'both': [1803], 'direct': [1804, 2232], 'indirect': [1806, 2050], 'competition': [1809], 'point': [1810], 'view': [1812], '(Lakshmi': [1813, 2138], 'Srinivas,': [1815, 2084, 2140], 'India,': [1818], 'cause': [1827], 'yield': [1828, 1848], '40%': [1833, 1857, 1910], 'agricultural': [1835], '(Khosla': [1837], 'Sobti,': [1839], '1981,': [1840], 'cited': [1841], 'Kandasamy,': [1843], '2005).': [1844], 'Sorghum': [1850], 'bicolor': [1851], 'reduced': [1854], 'between': [1856], '90%': [1859], 'left': [1864], 'uncontrolled': [1865], 'season': [1868], '(Tamado': [1869], '2002).': [1872], 'Indirect': [1873], 'interference': [1877, 1997], 'reproduction': [1880], 'crop': [1882, 2053, 2069], 'plants,': [1883, 2248], 'e.g.': [1884], 'pollen': [1886, 1919, 1969, 2203], 'deposited': [1891], 'floral': [1893], 'stigmatic': [1894], '(Jayachandra,': [1896], '1980),': [1897], 'prevents': [1899], 'set': [1901, 1929], 'resulting': [1903, 2238], 'yields': [1906], 'particular,': [1916], 'able': [1925, 1961], 'inhibit': [1927], 'allelopathy': [1931, 3479], 'peppers,': [1935], 'tomatoes': [1936], '(Sukhada': [1940, 1974], 'Jayachandra,': [1942, 1976], '1980': [1943, 1977], 'Stamps,': [1945, 1979], '2011)': [1946], 'filling': [1949], 'corn.': [1951], 'Stands': [1952], 'indeed': [1957], 'produce': [1963], '316': [1967], 'million': [1968, 2033], 'grains': [1970], 'square': [1972], 'foot': [1973], 'reduce': [1987], 'chlorophyll': [1988], 'content': [1989], 'heavily': [1991], 'infested': [1992, 2351], 'probably': [1994], 'owing': [1995], 'porphyrin': [1999], 'biosynthesis': [2000], '(Towers': [2001, 2158], 'Subba': [2003, 2160, 3635], 'Rao,': [2004, 2161], 'Queensland': [2007, 2658, 2682, 2799], '(Australia),': [2008], 'invaded': [2012], '170': [2013], 'km²': [2015], 'quality': [2018], 'industry': [2026], 'estimated': [2029, 3498], '22': [2032], 'AUS': [2034], 'costs': [2039], 'loss': [2041, 2189], '(Chippendale': [2044], 'Panetta,': [2046], '1994).': [2047], 'As': [2048, 2353], 'another': [2049], 'effect': [2051], 'acts': [2057], 'reservoir': [2060, 2883], 'host': [2061, 2550], 'pathogens': [2064], 'insect': [2066], 'pests': [2067], '(Basappa,': [2071], 'Govindappa': [2073, 2865, 3344], 'Prasada': [2077, 3341], 'Lakshmi': [2082, 3149], 'social': [2088], 'impact': [2089], 'Infestations': [2090], 'degrade': [2096], 'ecosystems,': [2098], 'out-compete': [2100], 'native': [2101], 'tropical': [2106, 3109], 'subtropical': [2108], 'rangelands.': [2109], 'Because': [2110], 'contains': [2113], 'sesquiterpenes': [2114], 'phenolics,': [2116], 'toxic': [2119], 'cattle.': [2121], 'Serious': [2122], 'health': [2126], 'livestock': [2128, 2149], 'hysterophorus-infested': [2131], 'meat': [2144], 'milk': [2146], 'eaten': [2152], 'tainted': [2157], 'Humans': [2163], 'who': [2164], 'continued': [2166], 'exposure': [2167, 2230, 2240], 'develop': [2172], 'allergic': [2173, 2236], 'eczematous': [2174], 'contact': [2175, 3435], 'dermatitis': [2176, 2184, 3179], 'Patients': [2181], 'severe': [2183], 'suffer': [2185], 'fatigue': [2186], 'weight': [2188], 'deaths': [2191], 'occurred': [2193], 'severely': [2195], 'affected': [2196], 'people': [2197], '(Lonkar': [2198], '1974).': [2201], 'allergenic.': [2209], 'On': [2210], 'examination,': [2211], 'likelihood': [2217], 'getting': [2219], 'sensitised': [2220], '50%': [2225], 'regular': [2229], 'contact,': [2233], 'leading': [2234], 'rhinitis': [2237], "species'": [2243], 'pollen.': [2244], 'Cross-sensitivity': [2245], 'particularly': [2249], 'members': [2251], 'Asteraceae,': [2254], 'occur,': [2256], 'causing': [2257], 'patients': [2258], 'react': [2260], 'previously': [2266], 'sensitive': [2270], '(Rodriguez': [2271], '1977).': [2274], 'Control': [2275, 3551, 3657], 'Unintentional': [2276], 'transport': [2277], 'transfer': [2282], 'human': [2286, 3648], 'activity,': [2287], 'vehicles': [2295], 'should': [2296, 2330], 'avoided.': [2298], 'Good': [2299], 'management': [2301, 2358, 2527, 3500], 'practices': [2302], 'recommended.': [2305], 'Herbicides,': [2306], 'either': [2307], 'pre-': [2309], 'post-emergence': [2311], 'applications,': [2312], 'provide': [2314], 'effective': [2315], '2,4-D,': [2323], 'atrazine,': [2324], 'metsulfuron,': [2325], 'glyphosate': [2326], 'dicamba).': [2328], 'Treatments': [2329], 'applied': [2332], 'seeds,': [2341], 'grasses': [2344], 'actively': [2346], 'recolonize': [2349], 'area.': [2352], 'long-term': [2356], 'approach,': [2359], 'herbicide': [2363], 'resistance': [2364], 'exists': [2365], '(Crane': [2366], '2006;': [2369], 'Vila-Aiub': [2370, 3692], '2008).': [2373], 'Ploughing': [2374], 'before': [2377], 'reach': [2379], 'stage': [2381], 'establishing': [2384], 'effective.': [2388], 'Biological': [2389, 2759, 3124, 3135], 'being': [2393], 'success:': [2396], 'example,': [2398], 'moth': [2400], 'Epiblema': [2401], 'strenuana': [2402], '(Lepidoptera:': [2403], 'Tortricidae)': [2404], 'rust': [2407], 'Puccinia': [2408], 'abrupta': [2409], 'var.': [2410], 'partheniicola': [2411], '(Basidiomycota:': [2412], 'Puccinaceae)': [2413], '(Adkins': [2414], 'Shabbir,': [2416], '2014).': [2417, 2452], 'Regulatory': [2418], 'status': [2419, 2968], 'Weed': [2426, 2737, 3226, 3305, 3506, 3627, 3656, 3667], 'National': [2428, 3464, 3537, 3685], 'Significance': [2429], 'all': [2436], 'under': [2440, 2462, 2706], 'categories': [2442], 'Weeds': [2443, 3275, 3317, 3721], 'Database': [2445, 2855, 3723], '(undated)': [2446, 2944], 'http://www.weeds.org.au/noxious.htm': [2447, 3727], '(last': [2448], 'accessed': [2449], '01': [2450], 'Sep': [2451], 'regulated': [2459], 'existing': [2464], 'legislation': [2465], '(CARA': [2466], '2002': [2467], 'Category': [2469], '1': [2470, 2541, 2862, 2948, 3234, 3730], '‘Invader': [2474], 'must': [2476], 'removed': [2478], 'destroyed': [2480], 'immediately.': [2481], 'trade': [2483], 'plants’,': [2486], 'see': [2487], 'Africa': [2491, 2942], 'Website).': [2492], 'listed': [2499], 'noxious': [2502], 'governments': [2506], 'Kenya': [2508], 'Rico': [2511], '(University': [2512], 'Florida': [2514, 2715, 3560], 'website,': [2515], 'undated).': [2516], 'References': [2517], 'Adkins': [2518, 3268, 3293], 'SW': [2519, 3039, 3269, 3294], 'Shabbir': [2521, 2607, 3037], 'A': [2522, 2572, 2608, 2643, 2904, 2994, 3018, 3205, 3242, 3253, 3380, 3744], '(2014)': [2523, 2612, 2784], 'Biology,': [2524], 'invasive': [2530, 2616, 3111, 3216, 3616], '(Parthenium': [2533, 2704, 3079, 3113, 3517, 3555], 'L.).': [2535, 3557], 'Wileyonlinelibrairy.com': [2536], 'DOI': [2537], '10.1002/ps.3708.': [2538], '[accessed': [2539, 2860, 2946, 3232, 3728], 'September': [2542, 2863, 2949, 3235, 3731], '2014].': [2543, 2864, 2950, 3236, 3732], 'Basappa': [2544], 'H': [2545, 2805], '(2005)': [2546, 2838, 2878, 2965, 3351], 'alternate': [2549], 'sunflower': [2552], 'necrosis': [2553], 'disease': [2554], 'thrips.': [2556], 'Second': [2558, 2890, 2980, 3366], 'International': [2559, 2891, 2981, 3032, 3367, 3591, 3655], 'Conference': [2560, 2892, 2982, 3368], 'Management': [2563, 3595, 3716, 3754], '(eds': [2564, 2768, 2896, 2986, 3035, 3372], 'TV': [2565, 2897, 2987, 3373], 'Ramachandra': [2566, 2898, 2988, 3374], 'Prasad,': [2567, 2899, 2989, 3375], 'HV': [2568, 2900, 2990, 3376], 'Nanjappa,': [2569, 2901, 2991, 3377], 'R': [2570, 2694, 2902, 2992, 3378], 'Devendra,': [2571, 2903, 2993, 3379], 'Manjunath,': [2573, 2905, 2995, 3381], 'SC': [2574, 2906, 2996, 3382], 'Subramanya,': [2575, 2907, 2997, 3383], 'Chandrashekar,': [2576, 2908, 2998, 3384], 'VK': [2577, 2909, 2999, 3385], 'Kiran': [2578, 2910, 3000, 3386], 'Kuman,': [2579, 2911], 'KA': [2580, 2912, 3002, 3388], 'Jayaram': [2581, 2913, 3003, 3389], 'TK': [2583, 2915, 3005, 3391], 'Prabhakara': [2584, 2916, 3006, 3392], 'Setty),': [2585, 2917, 3393], 'pp.': [2586, 2746, 2776, 2918, 3008, 3041, 3394, 3543, 3563, 3664, 3683], '83–': [2587], '86.': [2588], 'University': [2589, 2921, 3011, 3397, 3558], 'Agricultural': [2591, 2800, 2923, 3013, 3087, 3399, 3538], 'Sciences,': [2592, 2924, 3014, 3400], 'Bangalore': [2593, 2925, 3015, 3401], '(IN).': [2594, 2926, 3016, 3402], 'S,': [2596], 'Panetta': [2597, 2672, 3265, 3288], 'D,': [2598, 2602, 3742], 'Fried': [2599], 'G,': [2600], 'Kriticos': [2601], 'Prasad': [2603], 'R,': [2604, 2832], 'Lansink': [2605], 'AO,': [2606], 'T': [2611, 2808, 3748], 'Preventing': [2613], 'new': [2615, 2957, 3408, 3482], 'alien': [2617], 'entering': [2620], 'spreading': [2622], 'Euro-Mediterranean': [2625], 'region:': [2626], 'case': [2628], 'study': [2629], 'Bulletin': [2633, 2635], 'OEPP/EPPO': [2634], '1–': [2637, 3339], '11.': [2638], 'Chamberlain': [2639], 'J': [2640, 2774], 'Gittens': [2642], '(2004)': [2644], 'management:': [2647], 'challenges,': [2648], 'opportunities': [2649], 'strategies.': [2651], 'Action': [2653], 'Group.': [2654], 'State': [2656, 2716], 'Mines': [2663], 'Energy),': [2665], 'Brisbane': [2666], '(AU),': [2667], '82.': [2668, 2920], 'Chippendale': [2669], 'JF': [2670], 'FD': [2673, 3266], '(1994)': [2674], 'cost': [2676, 3499], 'industry.': [2684], 'Protection': [2686, 3281, 3527], 'Quarterly': [2687, 3282], '9,': [2688], '73–': [2689, 3509], '76.': [2690], 'Crane': [2691], 'JH,': [2692], 'Stubblefield': [2693], 'Meister': [2696], 'CW': [2697], '(2006)': [2698, 3101, 3676], 'Herbicide': [2699], 'efficacy': [2700], 'hysterophorus)': [2705], 'grove': [2707], 'conditions': [2708], 'Homestead,': [2710], 'Florida.': [2711], 'Proceedings': [2712, 2977, 3363, 3461, 3651], 'Horticultural': [2717], 'Society': [2718, 3190, 3417, 3669], '119,': [2719], '9–': [2720, 3259], '12.': [2721], 'Department': [2722], 'NT': [2736], 'Risk': [2738, 2786], 'Assessment:': [2739], 'Information': [2741], '(Parthenium),': [2745], '25.': [2747], 'Dhileepan': [2748], 'K': [2749, 3474], 'McFadyen': [2751, 2772, 3263], 'RE': [2752, 2771, 3291], '(2012)': [2753, 3134], '-': [2756, 3480], 'Parthenium.': [2757], 'In:': [2758, 3650], 'weeds': [2762, 3112, 3707], 'Australia:': [2764], '1960': [2765], '2010': [2767], 'M': [2769, 2834, 3245], 'Julien,': [2770], 'Cullen),': [2775], '448–': [2777], '462.': [2778], 'CSIRO': [2779], 'Publishing,': [2780], 'Melbourne': [2781, 3322, 3672], '(AU).': [2782, 3323, 3673], 'Pest': [2785, 3524, 3594, 3715], 'Analysis': [2787], 'EPPO,': [2791], 'Paris': [2792], '(FR).': [2793], 'Everist': [2794], 'SL': [2795], '(1976)': [2796, 2929], 'weed.': [2798], 'Journal': [2801, 3085, 3140, 3161, 3412, 3504, 3592], '102,': [2802], '2.': [2803], 'Fatimah': [2804], 'Ahmad': [2807], '(2009)': [2809, 3606], 'Phenology': [2810], 'key': [2816], 'factor': [2817], 'success': [2820], 'invasion.': [2823], 'Advances': [2824], '3(2),': [2828], '150–': [2829], '156.': [2830], 'Fessehaie': [2831], 'Chichayibelu': [2833], 'Giorgis': [2836], 'MH': [2837], 'Spread': [2839], 'ecological': [2841], 'consequences': [2842], 'Ethiopia.': [2847], 'Arem': [2848], '6,': [2849], '11–': [2850], '21.': [2851], 'http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?fr=1&si=153&sts': [2859], 'MR,': [2866], 'Chowda': [2867], 'Reddy': [2868], 'RV,': [2869], 'Devaraja,': [2870], 'Colvin': [2871], 'J,': [2872], 'Rangaswamy': [2873], 'KT': [2874], 'Muniyappa': [2876, 3349], 'V': [2877, 3350, 3456], 'hysterophorus:': [2880, 3333], 'Tomato': [2885], 'Leaf': [2886], 'Curl': [2887], 'Begomovirus.': [2888], 'Management.': [2895, 2985], '80–': [2919], 'Haseler': [2927], 'WH': [2928], 'Australia.': [2934, 3319], 'PANS': [2935], '22,': [2936], '515–': [2937], '517.': [2938], 'Website': [2943], 'http://www.invasives.org.za/invasive-species/item/295-parthenium-weed%7Cparthenium-hysterophorus.html': [2945], 'Jayachandra': [2951, 3476], 'KS': [2952, 3100], '(1980)': [2953, 3477], 'Pollen': [2954, 3478], 'allelopathy:': [2955], 'phenomenon.': [2958, 3483], 'Phytologist': [2959, 3485], '80,': [2960], '739–': [2961, 3487], '746.': [2962, 3488], 'Kandasamy': [2963], 'OS': [2964], 'weed:': [2967], 'prospects': [2970], 'India.': [2975, 3123, 3411, 3502], 'Kumar,': [3001, 3387], 'Setty)': [3007], '134–': [3009, 3665], '142.': [3010], 'Orapa': [3020], 'W': [3021], 'Status': [3023], 'Guinea.': [3030], 'News': [3034], 'S': [3036, 3070, 3133, 3325], 'Adkins),': [3040], '2–': [3042], '3.': [3043, 3544], 'Number': [3044], '2,': [3045], 'July': [3046], '2010.': [3047], 'Khosla': [3048], 'SN': [3049, 3052], 'Sobti': [3051], '(1981)': [3053], 'Effective': [3054], 'Linn.': [3059], 'Pesticides': [3060], '(India)': [3061], '15(4),': [3062], '18–': [3063], '19.': [3064], 'Kishor': [3065], 'P,': [3066], 'Ghosh': [3067], 'AK,': [3068], 'Maurya': [3072, 3132], 'BR': [3073], 'Potential': [3075], 'use': [3076], 'L.)': [3081, 3121, 3519], 'Agriculture.': [3083], 'Asian': [3084], 'Research': [3088, 3306, 3628], '4,': [3089], '220–': [3090], '225.': [3091], 'RK,': [3093], 'Batish': [3094], 'DR,': [3095], 'HSingh': [3096], 'HP': [3097], 'Dogra': [3099], 'Status,': [3102], 'invasiveness': [3103], 'environmental': [3105], 'threats': [3106], 'three': [3108], 'American': [3110, 3442, 3710], 'L.,': [3115, 3118], 'Ageratum': [3116], 'conyzoides': [3117], 'Lantana': [3119], 'camara': [3120], 'Invasions': [3125], '8,': [3126], '1501–': [3127], '1510.': [3128], 'VB': [3130], 'utilities': [3136], 'Applied': [3142], 'Science': [3145, 3507, 3668, 3717], '4(1),': [3146], '137–': [3147], '143.': [3148], 'C': [3150], 'Srinivas': [3152], 'CR': [3153], '(2007)': [3154, 3747], 'Parthenium:': [3155], 'angle': [3158], 'view.': [3159], 'Indian': [3160, 3503], 'Dermatology,': [3163], 'Venerology': [3164], 'Leprology': [3166], '73,': [3167], '296–': [3168], '306.': [3169], 'Lonkar': [3170], 'A,': [3171], 'Mitchell': [3172, 3426], 'JC': [3173, 3427], 'Calman': [3175], 'CD': [3176], '(1974)': [3177], 'Contact': [3178, 3447], 'Transactions': [3183], 'St.': [3186], "John's": [3187], 'Hospital': [3188], 'Dermatological': [3189], '60(1),': [3191], '43–': [3192], '53.': [3193], 'AJ,': [3195], 'Strathie': [3196], 'LW,': [3197], 'Mersie': [3198], 'W,': [3199], 'Gebrehiwot': [3200], 'L,': [3201], 'Zewdie': [3202], 'K,': [3203], 'Abdurehim': [3204], 'Current': [3209], 'geographical': [3212], '(Asteraceae)': [3220], 'eastern': [3222], 'southern': [3224], 'Africa.': [3225], 'research': [3227], '51,': [3228], '71–': [3229], '84.': [3230], 'http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00820.x/pdf': [3231], 'Mirek': [3237], 'Z,': [3238], 'Piękoś-Mirkowa': [3239], 'H,': [3240], 'Zając': [3241, 3244], '(2002)': [3246, 3572], 'Flowering': [3247], 'pteridophytes': [3250], 'Poland.': [3252], 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