Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4232839816', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90287-7', 'title': 'Strings on orbifolds (II)', 'display_name': 'Strings on orbifolds (II)', 'publication_year': 1986, 'publication_date': '1986-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4232839816', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90287-7'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90287-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210194812', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Physics B', 'issn_l': '0550-3213', 'issn': ['0550-3213', '1873-1562'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064334015', 'display_name': 'Lance J. Dixon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-7518'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Dixon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083607406', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey A. Harvey', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-274X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Harvey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112582417', 'display_name': 'Cumrun Vafa', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. Vafa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032512426', 'display_name': 'Edward Witten', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7752-6073'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E. Witten', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 52.657, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1133, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999795, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '274', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '285', 'last_page': '314'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11415', 'display_name': 'Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions', 'score': 0.9944, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tachyon', 'display_name': 'Tachyon', 'score': 0.8045733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold', 'display_name': 'Manifold (fluid mechanics)', 'score': 0.5328655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-group', 'display_name': 'Gauge group', 'score': 0.41248786}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42458899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41995', 'display_name': 'Tachyon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8045733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199422724', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41118', 'display_name': 'Quotient', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69583905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13355873', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850', 'display_name': 'Connection (principal bundle)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65471447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157486923', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436', 'display_name': 'String (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61706156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5921715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55471945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781311116', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306', 'display_name': 'Group (periodic table)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5387225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C529865628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740', 'display_name': 'Manifold (fluid mechanics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5328655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41608201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509', 'display_name': 'Embedding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52150923}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45827556}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43242547}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40976572', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873', 'display_name': 'Gauge (firearms)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42041346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779430453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15260871', 'display_name': 'Gauge group', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41248786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.36427742}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136119220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660', 'display_name': 'Algebra over a field', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34179276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27550304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.26284558}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19407588}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17331183}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07636204}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.064426094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90287-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210194812', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Physics B', 'issn_l': '0550-3213', 'issn': ['0550-3213', '1873-1562'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 20, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1480555026', 'https://openalex.org/W1612099944', 'https://openalex.org/W1970262376', 'https://openalex.org/W1970736177', 'https://openalex.org/W1973565526', 'https://openalex.org/W1975548366', 'https://openalex.org/W198384415', 'https://openalex.org/W2000226231', 'https://openalex.org/W2012218074', 'https://openalex.org/W2016188790', 'https://openalex.org/W2016565123', 'https://openalex.org/W2035152063', 'https://openalex.org/W2062831457', 'https://openalex.org/W2086262943', 'https://openalex.org/W2092852151', 'https://openalex.org/W2093984408', 'https://openalex.org/W2155314578', 'https://openalex.org/W2493347877', 'https://openalex.org/W4210979103', 'https://openalex.org/W624629222'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4299494376', 'https://openalex.org/W3102218337', 'https://openalex.org/W3101326078', 'https://openalex.org/W3082972421', 'https://openalex.org/W2963184967', 'https://openalex.org/W2768276442', 'https://openalex.org/W2606876831', 'https://openalex.org/W2187972090', 'https://openalex.org/W2024271032', 'https://openalex.org/W1975115845'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4232839816', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T14:32:13.022026', 'created_date': '2022-05-12'}