Abstract: Chapter 78 Influenza Viruses Jacqueline M. Katz, Jacqueline M. KatzSearch for more papers by this authorAlexander I. Klimov, Alexander I. KlimovSearch for more papers by this authorStephen E. Lindstrom, Stephen E. LindstromSearch for more papers by this authorNancy J. Cox, Nancy J. CoxSearch for more papers by this author Jacqueline M. Katz, Jacqueline M. KatzSearch for more papers by this authorAlexander I. Klimov, Alexander I. KlimovSearch for more papers by this authorStephen E. Lindstrom, Stephen E. LindstromSearch for more papers by this authorNancy J. Cox, Nancy J. CoxSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Barbara Detrick, Barbara Detrick Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MDSearch for more papers by this authorRobert G. Hamilton, Robert G. Hamilton Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MDSearch for more papers by this authorJames D. Folds, James D. Folds University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Hospital, Chapel Hill, NCSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 March 2006 https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815905.ch78 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary Influenza viruses replicate predominantly in the ciliated columnar epithelium of the respiratory tract. Early in infection, large amounts of virus are shed into respiratory secretions which when expelled through sneezing and coughing can be transmitted to close contacts. This chapter focuses on diagnosis of influenza A and B viruses since these types are the major human pathogens. Vaccination is the primary means to reduce the impact of influenza viruses and the disease they cause. Identification of influenza viruses must be done by hemadsorption, hemagglutinin (HA) titration, or fluoescent antibody (FA) staining. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) can be used for the detection of influenza viruses in original respiratory samples from patients, or for the characterization of viruses grown in tissue culture or embryonated eggs. The gold standard for serodiagnosis of infection or response to vaccination with human influenza viruses is the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. The microneutralization test is an alternative method for the detection of strain-specific antibodies to influenza viruses and in some cases may be more sensitive than the HAI test. The microneutralization test is a highly sensitive assay applicable to the identification of virus-specific antibody in human sera. The neutralization test has several additional advantages for detecting antibody to influenza virus. However, specialized laboratories must continue to use more sophisticated techniques such as virus isolation, RT-PCR, and serological methods in order to monitor the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating worldwide. Manual of Molecular and Clinical Lab Immunology, 7th Edition RelatedInformation
Publication Year: 2006
Publication Date: 2006-03-10
Language: en
Type: other
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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