Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4226408657', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0250.v1', 'title': 'Validation of Recent Altimeter Missions at Non-dedicated Tide Gauge Stations in the Southeastern North Sea', 'display_name': 'Validation of Recent Altimeter Missions at Non-dedicated Tide Gauge Stations in the Southeastern North Sea', 'publication_year': 2021, 'publication_date': '2021-12-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4226408657', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0250.v1'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0250.v1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0250.v1', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079329168', 'display_name': 'Saskia Esselborn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-4449'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878', 'display_name': 'Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8jg394', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1305996414', 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Saskia Esselborn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GFZ, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geodesy, Potsdam, Germany;', 'Wittdün'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GFZ, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geodesy, Potsdam, Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152878']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Wittdün', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007742649', 'display_name': 'Tilo Schöne', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-9578'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878', 'display_name': 'Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8jg394', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1305996414', 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tilo Schöne', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GFZ, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geodesy, Potsdam, Germany;', 'Wittdün'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GFZ, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geodesy, Potsdam, Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152878']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Wittdün', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028492606', 'display_name': 'Julia Illigner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2023-486X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878', 'display_name': 'Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04z8jg394', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1305996414', 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Julia Illigner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['GFZ, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geodesy, Potsdam, Germany;', 'Wittdün'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'GFZ, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geodesy, Potsdam, Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152878']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Wittdün', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020271560', 'display_name': 'Robert Weiß', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210128546', 'display_name': 'Federal Institute of Hydrology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03kdvpr29', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128546']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert Weiß', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['BfG, The German Federal Institute of Hydrology , Germany;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'BfG, The German Federal Institute of Hydrology , Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128546']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042669662', 'display_name': 'Thomas Artz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210128546', 'display_name': 'Federal Institute of Hydrology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03kdvpr29', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128546']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Artz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['BfG, The German Federal Institute of Hydrology , Germany;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'BfG, The German Federal Institute of Hydrology , Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128546']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018581500', 'display_name': 'Xinge Huang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4577782', 'display_name': 'Technische Universität Berlin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v4gjf40', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4577782']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xinge Huang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TU Berlin, Germany;'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TU Berlin, Germany;', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4577782']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.731442, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 57, 'max': 67}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11405', 'display_name': 'Geophysics and Gravity Measurements', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1910', 'display_name': 'Oceanography'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11405', 'display_name': 'Geophysics and Gravity Measurements', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1910', 'display_name': 'Oceanography'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10655', 'display_name': 'GNSS positioning and interference', 'score': 0.973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11312', 'display_name': 'Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing', 'score': 0.9535, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tide-gauge', 'display_name': 'Tide gauge', 'score': 0.9663176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation', 'display_name': 'Elevation (ballistics)', 'score': 0.4515164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-tide', 'display_name': 'Ocean tide', 'score': 0.42962402}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136856113', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686697', 'display_name': 'Tide gauge', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9663176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17534553', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197', 'display_name': 'Altimeter', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9267911}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C14279187', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012', 'display_name': 'GNSS applications', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7428147}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165838908', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777', 'display_name': 'Calibration', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64712644}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13280743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089', 'display_name': 'Geodesy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.61802673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74501621', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465', 'display_name': 'Sea level', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6018612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62649853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687', 'display_name': 'Remote sensing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51065594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45410547}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37054046', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888', 'display_name': 'Elevation (ballistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4515164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43613487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992147104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23384', 'display_name': 'Ocean tide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42962402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39282578}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2560141}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60229501', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822', 'display_name': 'Global Positioning System', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.23044011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.163822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08011773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07250911}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0250.v1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010236', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/1/236/pdf?version=1641786673', 'source': None, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5009274', 'pdf_url': 'https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_5009274_1/component/file_5009275/5009274.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401313', 'display_name': 'Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210152878', 'host_organization_name': 'Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210152878'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0250.v1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life below water', 'score': 0.86, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1596445046', 'https://openalex.org/W1609796354', 'https://openalex.org/W1811103428', 'https://openalex.org/W1874329464', 'https://openalex.org/W1896180035', 'https://openalex.org/W1966025757', 'https://openalex.org/W1981813642', 'https://openalex.org/W2005705103', 'https://openalex.org/W2008435261', 'https://openalex.org/W2018455263', 'https://openalex.org/W2177027311', 'https://openalex.org/W2188531504', 'https://openalex.org/W2290099334', 'https://openalex.org/W2311025962', 'https://openalex.org/W2344848504', 'https://openalex.org/W23554417', 'https://openalex.org/W2539846887', 'https://openalex.org/W2602959002', 'https://openalex.org/W2733033417', 'https://openalex.org/W2892624168', 'https://openalex.org/W2902411799', 'https://openalex.org/W2923241990', 'https://openalex.org/W2923493795', 'https://openalex.org/W2954089295', 'https://openalex.org/W2955302084', 'https://openalex.org/W2958524612', 'https://openalex.org/W2979509369', 'https://openalex.org/W3036870042', 'https://openalex.org/W3080326951', 'https://openalex.org/W3106281650', 'https://openalex.org/W3113261854', 'https://openalex.org/W3118339944', 'https://openalex.org/W3118477507', 'https://openalex.org/W3172918829', 'https://openalex.org/W3206988665', 'https://openalex.org/W4226408657', 'https://openalex.org/W4231736272', 'https://openalex.org/W4252256507'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4226408657', 'https://openalex.org/W4225566352', 'https://openalex.org/W3366301', 'https://openalex.org/W3171330215', 'https://openalex.org/W3009372977', 'https://openalex.org/W2320534006', 'https://openalex.org/W2010988106', 'https://openalex.org/W1992049634', 'https://openalex.org/W1978293921', 'https://openalex.org/W1557543798'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Consistent': [0], 'calibration': [1, 227], 'and': [2, 15, 28, 100, 121, 130, 152, 154, 228], 'monitoring': [3, 229], 'is': [4, 39, 78, 95, 113, 148, 155, 183], 'a': [5], 'basic': [6], 'prerequisite': [7], 'for': [8, 31, 54, 97, 102, 117, 173], 'providing': [9], 'reliable': [10], 'time': [11], 'series': [12], 'of': [13, 24, 124, 145, 170, 178], 'global': [14], 'regional': [16, 29, 180], 'sea': [17, 25, 189], 'level': [18, 26], 'variations': [19], 'from': [20, 85, 90, 210], 'altimetry.': [21], 'The': [22, 60, 76, 93, 143, 176, 195], 'precision': [23, 144, 169], 'measurements': [27], 'biases': [30, 182, 198], 'six': [32], 'altimeter': [33], 'missions': [34], '(Jason-1/2/3,': [35], 'Envisat,': [36], 'Saral,': [37], 'Sentinel-3A)': [38], 'assessed': [40], 'at': [41, 65, 70, 80, 159, 231], 'eleven': [42], 'GNSS-controlled': [43, 217], 'tide': [44, 107, 218], 'gauge': [45, 129], 'stations': [46, 82], 'in': [47], 'the': [48, 55, 66, 71, 91, 98, 103, 125, 134, 137, 146, 174, 179, 187, 193, 203, 216, 226], 'German': [49], 'Bight': [50], '(SE': [51], 'North': [52], 'Sea)': [53], 'period': [56], '2002': [57], 'to': [58, 74, 87, 115, 157, 162, 212], '2019.': [59], 'gauges': [61, 108, 219], 'are': [62, 199], 'partly': [63, 69], 'located': [64], 'open': [67], 'water,': [68], 'coast': [72], 'close': [73], 'mudflats.': [75], 'altimetry': [77, 131], 'extracted': [79], 'virtual': [81], 'with': [83, 105, 206], 'distances': [84], '2': [86, 171], '24': [88], 'km': [89], 'gauges.': [92, 175], 'processing': [94], 'optimized': [96], 'region': [99], 'adjusted': [101], 'comparison': [104], 'instantaneous': [106], 'readings.': [109], 'An': [110], 'empirical': [111], 'correction': [112], 'developed': [114], 'account': [116], 'mean': [118, 188], 'height': [119], 'gradients': [120], 'slight': [122], 'differences': [123], 'tidal': [126], 'dynamics': [127], 'between': [128, 136], 'which': [132], 'improves': [133], 'agreement': [135], 'two': [138], 'data': [139], 'sets': [140], 'by': [141, 222], '15-75%.': [142], 'altimeters': [147], 'depending': [149], 'on': [150, 166, 186, 202], 'location': [151], 'mission': [153, 181, 207], 'shown': [156], 'be': [158], 'least': [160], '1.8': [161], '3.7': [163], 'cm': [164, 172], 'based': [165, 201], 'an': [167], 'assumed': [168], 'accuracy': [177], 'strongly': [184], 'dependent': [185, 208], 'surface': [190], 'heights': [191], 'near': [192], 'stations.': [194, 234], 'most': [196], 'consistent': [197], 'obtained': [200], 'CLS2011': [204], 'model': [205], 'accuracies': [209], '1.3': [211], '3.4': [213], 'cm.': [214], 'Hence,': [215], 'operated': [220], 'operationally': [221], 'WSV': [223], 'might': [224], 'complement': [225], 'activities': [230], 'dedicated': [232], 'CalVal': [233]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4226408657', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T01:37:25.457592', 'created_date': '2022-05-05'}