Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4221112876', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1144/m58-2022-2', 'title': 'Weathering processes and forms', 'display_name': 'Weathering processes and forms', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-03-08', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4221112876', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1144/m58-2022-2'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1144/m58-2022-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S72428099', 'display_name': 'Geological Society London Memoirs', 'issn_l': '0435-4052', 'issn': ['0435-4052', '2041-4722'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311785', 'host_organization_name': 'Zoological Society of London', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311785'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Zoological Society of London'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109009638', 'display_name': 'Stephen Trudgill', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I241749', 'display_name': 'University of Cambridge', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013meh722', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephen T. Trudgill', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 1BY, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 1BY, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I241749']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044731736', 'display_name': 'Andrew Goudie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-8207'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew S. Goudie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070678336', 'display_name': 'Heather Viles', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-1295'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I40120149', 'display_name': 'University of Oxford', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/052gg0110', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heather A. Viles', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I40120149']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.676, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 9, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.549429, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '58', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '173', 'last_page': '189'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11643', 'display_name': 'Building materials and conservation', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1904', 'display_name': 'Earth-Surface Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10995', 'display_name': 'Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena', 'score': 0.9914, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2304', 'display_name': 'Environmental Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-production-function', 'display_name': 'Soil production function', 'score': 0.81798434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/frost-weathering', 'display_name': 'Frost weathering', 'score': 0.7046566}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40724407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177', 'display_name': 'Weathering', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.98552525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153389437', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554952', 'display_name': 'Soil production function', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.81798434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56541541', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488728', 'display_name': 'Frost weathering', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7046566}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123157820', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026', 'display_name': 'Erosion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54822665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1965285', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008', 'display_name': 'Earth science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5427028}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5038006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.36974812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31680876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17409809', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30542314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114793014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109', 'display_name': 'Geomorphology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25752228}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184269829', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282070', 'display_name': 'Pedogenesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.16670707}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1144/m58-2022-2', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S72428099', 'display_name': 'Geological Society London Memoirs', 'issn_l': '0435-4052', 'issn': ['0435-4052', '2041-4722'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311785', 'host_organization_name': 'Zoological Society of London', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311785'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Zoological Society of London'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.56, 'display_name': 'Life on land'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 265, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1489048225', 'https://openalex.org/W1497263415', 'https://openalex.org/W153752601', 'https://openalex.org/W1568624135', 'https://openalex.org/W165337321', 'https://openalex.org/W177330557', 'https://openalex.org/W1802021537', 'https://openalex.org/W1911821986', 'https://openalex.org/W1946670306', 'https://openalex.org/W1964939019', 'https://openalex.org/W1966360142', 'https://openalex.org/W1968815940', 'https://openalex.org/W1969207771', 'https://openalex.org/W1969594875', 'https://openalex.org/W1969887952', 'https://openalex.org/W1971768527', 'https://openalex.org/W1971788572', 'https://openalex.org/W1971984059', 'https://openalex.org/W1973639840', 'https://openalex.org/W1974680827', 'https://openalex.org/W1975717988', 'https://openalex.org/W1976002167', 'https://openalex.org/W1976113827', 'https://openalex.org/W1979032065', 'https://openalex.org/W1980461406', 'https://openalex.org/W1981613955', 'https://openalex.org/W1981995094', 'https://openalex.org/W1983176316', 'https://openalex.org/W1984360448', 'https://openalex.org/W1987312117', 'https://openalex.org/W1988136221', 'https://openalex.org/W1988233947', 'https://openalex.org/W1989180897', 'https://openalex.org/W1989494635', 'https://openalex.org/W1989972918', 'https://openalex.org/W1990751163', 'https://openalex.org/W1992450864', 'https://openalex.org/W1992808095', 'https://openalex.org/W1993265721', 'https://openalex.org/W1993975181', 'https://openalex.org/W1994453510', 'https://openalex.org/W1995293718', 'https://openalex.org/W1996490114', 'https://openalex.org/W1997770417', 'https://openalex.org/W1999924690', 'https://openalex.org/W2001926306', 'https://openalex.org/W2002938264', 'https://openalex.org/W2005427074', 'https://openalex.org/W2005586297', 'https://openalex.org/W2006664731', 'https://openalex.org/W2007181472', 'https://openalex.org/W2008458761', 'https://openalex.org/W2008587428', 'https://openalex.org/W2009113483', 'https://openalex.org/W2010674159', 'https://openalex.org/W2010757786', 'https://openalex.org/W2011201346', 'https://openalex.org/W2011840890', 'https://openalex.org/W2012421316', 'https://openalex.org/W2012740004', 'https://openalex.org/W2014068417', 'https://openalex.org/W2015089377', 'https://openalex.org/W2015427023', 'https://openalex.org/W2016783032', 'https://openalex.org/W2017256747', 'https://openalex.org/W2018263634', 'https://openalex.org/W2018500573', 'https://openalex.org/W2019268674', 'https://openalex.org/W2019449868', 'https://openalex.org/W2019629786', 'https://openalex.org/W2019839279', 'https://openalex.org/W2020088810', 'https://openalex.org/W2020435189', 'https://openalex.org/W2021117213', 'https://openalex.org/W2022283979', 'https://openalex.org/W2022684270', 'https://openalex.org/W2023172671', 'https://openalex.org/W2023412249', 'https://openalex.org/W2024418658', 'https://openalex.org/W2024803334', 'https://openalex.org/W2025696977', 'https://openalex.org/W2026362831', 'https://openalex.org/W2026534689', 'https://openalex.org/W2030039595', 'https://openalex.org/W2030390771', 'https://openalex.org/W2030555288', 'https://openalex.org/W2030894983', 'https://openalex.org/W2031701911', 'https://openalex.org/W2032303365', 'https://openalex.org/W2033163348', 'https://openalex.org/W2033612353', 'https://openalex.org/W2034679408', 'https://openalex.org/W2035849767', 'https://openalex.org/W2036712183', 'https://openalex.org/W2036822738', 'https://openalex.org/W2037973873', 'https://openalex.org/W2038358080', 'https://openalex.org/W2039273682', 'https://openalex.org/W2040013302', 'https://openalex.org/W2043032684', 'https://openalex.org/W2044933256', 'https://openalex.org/W2045690832', 'https://openalex.org/W2046928823', 'https://openalex.org/W2047756853', 'https://openalex.org/W2049787338', 'https://openalex.org/W2049848899', 'https://openalex.org/W2050281441', 'https://openalex.org/W2051086752', 'https://openalex.org/W2052967611', 'https://openalex.org/W2054211817', 'https://openalex.org/W2056380135', 'https://openalex.org/W2056978376', 'https://openalex.org/W2058004534', 'https://openalex.org/W2058095616', 'https://openalex.org/W2058554157', 'https://openalex.org/W2058957657', 'https://openalex.org/W2059328846', 'https://openalex.org/W2060401879', 'https://openalex.org/W2060946318', 'https://openalex.org/W2061944668', 'https://openalex.org/W2062412347', 'https://openalex.org/W2062788286', 'https://openalex.org/W2065448583', 'https://openalex.org/W2066283439', 'https://openalex.org/W2066319942', 'https://openalex.org/W2068010585', 'https://openalex.org/W2068070912', 'https://openalex.org/W2068205597', 'https://openalex.org/W2069136468', 'https://openalex.org/W2069532061', 'https://openalex.org/W2069614419', 'https://openalex.org/W2070828669', 'https://openalex.org/W2070876065', 'https://openalex.org/W2071631926', 'https://openalex.org/W2071863799', 'https://openalex.org/W2076399974', 'https://openalex.org/W2078742194', 'https://openalex.org/W2079050315', 'https://openalex.org/W2079897038', 'https://openalex.org/W2080512951', 'https://openalex.org/W2081693492', 'https://openalex.org/W2082823380', 'https://openalex.org/W2084045287', 'https://openalex.org/W2084444622', 'https://openalex.org/W2084849445', 'https://openalex.org/W2084887402', 'https://openalex.org/W2085663617', 'https://openalex.org/W2086724865', 'https://openalex.org/W2088092896', 'https://openalex.org/W2091586936', 'https://openalex.org/W2093304541', 'https://openalex.org/W2093807254', 'https://openalex.org/W2094242191', 'https://openalex.org/W2094522950', 'https://openalex.org/W2094544588', 'https://openalex.org/W2096450994', 'https://openalex.org/W2097045610', 'https://openalex.org/W2100612095', 'https://openalex.org/W2101466506', 'https://openalex.org/W2105110762', 'https://openalex.org/W2106516137', 'https://openalex.org/W2107127140', 'https://openalex.org/W2107603800', 'https://openalex.org/W2110521176', 'https://openalex.org/W2113375461', 'https://openalex.org/W2115074393', 'https://openalex.org/W2117516452', 'https://openalex.org/W2120601523', 'https://openalex.org/W2121371177', 'https://openalex.org/W2125121012', 'https://openalex.org/W2126267111', 'https://openalex.org/W2127540506', 'https://openalex.org/W2127774239', 'https://openalex.org/W2134516443', 'https://openalex.org/W2139447596', 'https://openalex.org/W2143334534', 'https://openalex.org/W2143561769', 'https://openalex.org/W2145032830', 'https://openalex.org/W2148298251', 'https://openalex.org/W2149313225', 'https://openalex.org/W2150231600', 'https://openalex.org/W2150592858', 'https://openalex.org/W2151958843', 'https://openalex.org/W2153792004', 'https://openalex.org/W2159067885', 'https://openalex.org/W2161937644', 'https://openalex.org/W2162931939', 'https://openalex.org/W2166566178', 'https://openalex.org/W2246902135', 'https://openalex.org/W2282552644', 'https://openalex.org/W2313036513', 'https://openalex.org/W2313519491', 'https://openalex.org/W2313817192', 'https://openalex.org/W2318542384', 'https://openalex.org/W2318832635', 'https://openalex.org/W2318918544', 'https://openalex.org/W2320348719', 'https://openalex.org/W2320691887', 'https://openalex.org/W2321044304', 'https://openalex.org/W2321106763', 'https://openalex.org/W2322120385', 'https://openalex.org/W2323541927', 'https://openalex.org/W2324569198', 'https://openalex.org/W2325364080', 'https://openalex.org/W2333164450', 'https://openalex.org/W2429375882', 'https://openalex.org/W2467641494', 'https://openalex.org/W2480070908', 'https://openalex.org/W249213272', 'https://openalex.org/W249366135', 'https://openalex.org/W2500634497', 'https://openalex.org/W2613856638', 'https://openalex.org/W2615513805', 'https://openalex.org/W2736537593', 'https://openalex.org/W2754636860', 'https://openalex.org/W2795820570', 'https://openalex.org/W2796792212', 'https://openalex.org/W2895116926', 'https://openalex.org/W2895692264', 'https://openalex.org/W2899587837', 'https://openalex.org/W2920972778', 'https://openalex.org/W293037248', 'https://openalex.org/W2964519653', 'https://openalex.org/W3008668838', 'https://openalex.org/W3081976909', 'https://openalex.org/W3156336927', 'https://openalex.org/W3159204507', 'https://openalex.org/W3169893161', 'https://openalex.org/W3174263433', 'https://openalex.org/W3188732555', 'https://openalex.org/W3192864498', 'https://openalex.org/W3194608640', 'https://openalex.org/W3202391504', 'https://openalex.org/W3207786847', 'https://openalex.org/W332631162', 'https://openalex.org/W39109789', 'https://openalex.org/W40925381', 'https://openalex.org/W4213074676', 'https://openalex.org/W4214785920', 'https://openalex.org/W4214819432', 'https://openalex.org/W4224216736', 'https://openalex.org/W4229552266', 'https://openalex.org/W4229982499', 'https://openalex.org/W4232819532', 'https://openalex.org/W4247511408', 'https://openalex.org/W4248283961', 'https://openalex.org/W4249483712', 'https://openalex.org/W4251256937', 'https://openalex.org/W4255317132', 'https://openalex.org/W4289255756', 'https://openalex.org/W4300616668', 'https://openalex.org/W4300840576', 'https://openalex.org/W4376453142', 'https://openalex.org/W4386132843', 'https://openalex.org/W571171184', 'https://openalex.org/W579920392', 'https://openalex.org/W599354073', 'https://openalex.org/W604931881', 'https://openalex.org/W605431090', 'https://openalex.org/W628827045', 'https://openalex.org/W633657072', 'https://openalex.org/W653179227', 'https://openalex.org/W658017015', 'https://openalex.org/W658443036', 'https://openalex.org/W8159763'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4249969393', 'https://openalex.org/W4221112876', 'https://openalex.org/W3143775264', 'https://openalex.org/W3112131230', 'https://openalex.org/W2964846259', 'https://openalex.org/W288470695', 'https://openalex.org/W2516325779', 'https://openalex.org/W1992407024', 'https://openalex.org/W1608050761', 'https://openalex.org/W160802636'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'This': [1, 50], 'chapter': [2], 'considers': [3], 'the': [4, 41, 61, 71, 77, 85, 93, 104, 147], 'various': [5, 133], 'processes': [6, 14, 38], 'of': [7, 35, 44, 56, 58, 73, 79, 106, 122, 128, 135, 146], 'rock': [8], 'weathering,': [9, 24, 130], 'starting': [10], 'with': [11, 82, 143], 'physical': [12], 'weathering': [13, 27, 37, 59, 107, 138, 155], '(frost,': [15], 'wetting': [16], 'and': [17, 20, 25, 39, 60, 76, 92, 97, 113], 'drying,': [18], 'heating': [19], 'cooling': [21], 'or': [22], 'insolation': [23], 'salt': [26], '(haloclasty)).': [28], 'It': [29], 'then': [30], 'turns': [31], 'to': [32, 40, 67], 'a': [33, 54, 120, 126], 'consideration': [34], 'chemical': [36, 129], 'remarkable': [42], 'increase': [43], 'interest': [45], 'in': [46, 103, 149], 'biological': [47], '(organic)': [48], 'processes.': [49, 156], 'is': [51, 115, 118], 'followed': [52], 'by': [53], 'discussion': [55, 121], 'rates': [57], 'techniques': [62], 'that': [63], 'have': [64, 152], 'been': [65], 'developed': [66], 'study': [68, 105], 'them,': [69], 'including': [70], 'analysis': [72], 'sediment': [74], 'loads': [75], 'measurement': [78], 'surface': [80], 'changes': [81], 'instruments': [83], 'like': [84], 'micro-erosion': [86], 'meter.': [87], 'The': [88], 'global': [89], 'carbon': [90], 'cycle': [91], 'links': [94], 'between': [95], 'geomorphology': [96], 'soils': [98], 'are': [99, 140], 'also': [100, 119], 'considered.': [101], 'Progress': [102], 'forms': [108], 'such': [109, 131], 'as': [110, 125, 132], 'alveoli,': [111], 'pits': [112], 'tafoni': [114], 'described.': [116], 'There': [117], 'materials': [123], 'deposited': [124], 'consequence': [127], 'types': [134], 'duricrust.': [136], 'Finally,': [137], 'hazards': [139], 'addressed': [141], 'together': [142], 'an': [144], 'assessment': [145], 'ways': [148], 'which': [150], 'humans': [151], 'accelerated': [153], 'some': [154]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4221112876', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T05:48:59.419779', 'created_date': '2022-04-03'}