Title: Toxicologic pathology of the reproductive system
Abstract: Massive industrial developments, excessive and imprudent use of pesticides, and chemicals in various uses on humans and animals have severely polluted our environment. The adverse effects of chemical pollutants including drugs and pathogens on the reproductive systems are the major causes of infertility in humans. Reproductive toxicity can result in fetal organ deformities in pregnant women and can have a detrimental impact on male fertility. Histopathological examination of reproductive organs in repeated-dose toxicity studies in rodents and nonrodents is the only assessment of male and female reproductive organs performed prior to the first administration of a novel pharmaceutical to humans. An overview of potential mechanisms, toxicity endpoints evaluation, and histopathological lesions of reproductive tracts in laboratory animals along with toxicokinetics are given in this chapter. The regulatory and nonregulatory studies that need to be carried out during drug development are described. Some examples of toxicants affecting the reproductive systems are also provided. Current concepts that underlie mechanisms of teratogenesis with thalidomide as an example is discussed. In summary, meticulous use of different methods of pathology can generate sufficient information to evaluate male and female reproductive systems during repeated-dose toxicity studies and help to develop safer drugs, agrochemicals, and cosmetics for human use.
Publication Year: 2022
Publication Date: 2022-01-01
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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Cited By Count: 1
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