Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W4213036952', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac142', 'title': 'Spacer2PAM: A computational framework to guide experimental determination of functional CRISPR-Cas system PAM sequences', 'display_name': 'Spacer2PAM: A computational framework to guide experimental determination of functional CRISPR-Cas system PAM sequences', 'publication_year': 2022, 'publication_date': '2022-02-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4213036952', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac142', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35258601'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac142', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/50/6/3523/43246274/gkac142.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S134668137', 'display_name': 'Nucleic Acids Research', 'issn_l': '0305-1048', 'issn': ['0305-1048', '1362-4954', '1362-4962'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/50/6/3523/43246274/gkac142.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041300861', 'display_name': 'Grant A. Rybnicky', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0198-4596'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111979921', 'display_name': 'Northwestern University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000e0be47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Grant A Rybnicky', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008032115', 'display_name': 'Nicholas Fackler', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-7617'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nicholas A Fackler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['LanzaTech Inc , Skokie , IL 60077, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'LanzaTech Inc , Skokie , IL 60077, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088165113', 'display_name': 'Ashty S. Karim', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-7715'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111979921', 'display_name': 'Northwestern University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000e0be47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ashty S Karim', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068299826', 'display_name': 'Michael Köpke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-1415'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Köpke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['LanzaTech Inc , Skokie , IL 60077, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'LanzaTech Inc , Skokie , IL 60077, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059800162', 'display_name': 'Michael C. Jewett', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-6211'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I111979921', 'display_name': 'Northwestern University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/000e0be47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael C Jewett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208, USA', 'Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL 60611, USA', 'Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL 60611, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL 60611, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL 60611, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5059800162'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I111979921'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3630, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3630, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 3630, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3630, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 1.67, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 13, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999981, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '50', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '3523', 'last_page': '3534'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10878', 'display_name': 'CRISPR and Genetic Engineering', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10878', 'display_name': 'CRISPR and Genetic Engineering', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10521', 'display_name': 'RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms', 'score': 0.9597, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12134', 'display_name': 'Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences', 'score': 0.9573, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1109', 'display_name': 'Insect Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/trans-activating-crrna', 'display_name': 'Trans-activating crRNA', 'score': 0.657477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crispr-interference', 'display_name': 'CRISPR interference', 'score': 0.46345136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-biology', 'display_name': 'Synthetic Biology', 'score': 0.43044707}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98108389', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412563', 'display_name': 'CRISPR', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9793824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C70721500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005', 'display_name': 'Computational biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7938556}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7876313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84356384', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833575', 'display_name': 'Trans-activating crRNA', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.657477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51785407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627568', 'display_name': 'Effector', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6298208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154055011', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28208918', 'display_name': 'CRISPR interference', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.46345136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144501496', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533489', 'display_name': 'Genome editing', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44583088}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191908910', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838', 'display_name': 'Synthetic biology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43044707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34417647}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18821916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95444343', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141', 'display_name': 'Cell biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09975469}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D064113', 'descriptor_name': 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019295', 'descriptor_name': 'Computational Biology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D064113', 'descriptor_name': 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003013', 'descriptor_name': 'Clostridium', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003013', 'descriptor_name': 'Clostridium', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019295', 'descriptor_name': 'Computational Biology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015723', 'descriptor_name': 'Gene Library', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D059372', 'descriptor_name': 'Nucleotide Motifs', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac142', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/50/6/3523/43246274/gkac142.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S134668137', 'display_name': 'Nucleic Acids Research', 'issn_l': '0305-1048', 'issn': ['0305-1048', '1362-4954', '1362-4962'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2298961', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1904392', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1853842', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402487', 'display_name': 'OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I139351228', 'host_organization_name': 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139351228'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Office of Scientific and Technical Information'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8990532', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35258601', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac142', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-pdf/50/6/3523/43246274/gkac142.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S134668137', 'display_name': 'Nucleic Acids Research', 'issn_l': '0305-1048', 'issn': ['0305-1048', '1362-4954', '1362-4962'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.54, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306079', 'funder_display_name': 'David and Lucile Packard Foundation', 'award_id': '2011-37152'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306084', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Department of Energy', 'award_id': 'DE-AC02-05CH11231'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306084', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Department of Energy', 'award_id': 'DE-SC0018249'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 55, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1970515032', 'https://openalex.org/W1978094899', 'https://openalex.org/W1981185465', 'https://openalex.org/W2022498786', 'https://openalex.org/W2045435533', 'https://openalex.org/W2055043387', 'https://openalex.org/W2062521268', 'https://openalex.org/W2070614858', 'https://openalex.org/W2100856041', 'https://openalex.org/W2109565914', 'https://openalex.org/W2122482725', 'https://openalex.org/W2128112204', 'https://openalex.org/W2132417094', 'https://openalex.org/W2148245360', 'https://openalex.org/W2165869860', 'https://openalex.org/W2168348213', 'https://openalex.org/W2199695484', 'https://openalex.org/W2268557312', 'https://openalex.org/W2327182906', 'https://openalex.org/W2345791363', 'https://openalex.org/W2511569157', 'https://openalex.org/W2538295181', 'https://openalex.org/W2558268315', 'https://openalex.org/W2579861241', 'https://openalex.org/W2586637020', 'https://openalex.org/W2590764628', 'https://openalex.org/W2693098264', 'https://openalex.org/W2737196618', 'https://openalex.org/W2757193127', 'https://openalex.org/W2792896247', 'https://openalex.org/W2793009196', 'https://openalex.org/W2793240171', 'https://openalex.org/W2803245377', 'https://openalex.org/W2894806694', 'https://openalex.org/W2898448050', 'https://openalex.org/W2922897452', 'https://openalex.org/W2926688165', 'https://openalex.org/W2949986034', 'https://openalex.org/W2951608195', 'https://openalex.org/W2954125119', 'https://openalex.org/W2963672545', 'https://openalex.org/W2982128914', 'https://openalex.org/W2989701788', 'https://openalex.org/W3011736930', 'https://openalex.org/W3034867886', 'https://openalex.org/W3044716001', 'https://openalex.org/W3098730154', 'https://openalex.org/W3119026436', 'https://openalex.org/W3133068703', 'https://openalex.org/W3137906344', 'https://openalex.org/W3156886307', 'https://openalex.org/W4206892629', 'https://openalex.org/W4213138979', 'https://openalex.org/W4244026361', 'https://openalex.org/W4292230674'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4323308326', 'https://openalex.org/W3209892036', 'https://openalex.org/W3206796187', 'https://openalex.org/W3195673132', 'https://openalex.org/W2794341205', 'https://openalex.org/W2403810095', 'https://openalex.org/W2209121586', 'https://openalex.org/W2115192209', 'https://openalex.org/W1988244832', 'https://openalex.org/W1531424361'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'RNA-guided': [0], 'nucleases': [1], 'from': [2, 167, 178], 'CRISPR-Cas': [3, 13, 31, 35, 62, 105, 176, 191], 'systems': [4, 14, 192], 'expand': [5], 'opportunities': [6], 'for': [7, 103, 154, 172, 193], 'precise,': [8], 'targeted': [9, 135], 'genome': [10], 'modification.': [11], 'Endogenous': [12], 'in': [15, 71, 118, 129, 142], 'many': [16], 'prokaryotes': [17], 'are': [18, 74], 'attractive': [19], 'to': [20, 93, 122, 133, 140, 144], 'circumvent': [21], 'expression,': [22], 'functionality,': [23], 'and': [24, 70, 95, 158, 196], 'unintended': [25], 'activity': [26], 'hurdles': [27], 'posed': [28], 'by': [29, 49, 150], 'heterologous': [30], 'effectors.': [32], 'However,': [33], 'each': [34], 'system': [36, 106, 177], 'recognizes': [37], 'a': [38, 119, 124, 130], 'unique': [39], 'set': [40], 'of': [41, 52, 60, 99, 189], 'protospacer': [42], 'adjacent': [43], 'motifs': [44], '(PAMs),': [45], 'which': [46], 'requires': [47], 'identification': [48], 'extensive': [50], 'screening': [51], 'randomized': [53], 'DNA': [54], 'libraries.': [55], 'This': [56], 'challenge': [57], 'hinders': [58], 'development': [59], 'endogenous': [61, 190], 'systems,': [63], 'especially': [64], 'those': [65], 'based': [66], 'on': [67], 'multi-protein': [68], 'effectors': [69], 'organisms': [72, 157], 'that': [73, 164, 183], 'slow-growing': [75], 'or': [76, 128], 'have': [77], 'transformation': [78], 'idiosyncrasies.': [79], 'To': [80], 'address': [81], 'this': [82], 'challenge,': [83], 'we': [84], 'present': [85], 'Spacer2PAM,': [86], 'an': [87], 'easy-to-use,': [88], 'easy-to-interpret': [89], 'R': [90], 'package': [91], 'built': [92], 'predict': [94], 'guide': [96], 'experimental': [97], 'determination': [98], 'functional': [100], 'PAM': [101, 126, 136, 152, 162, 170], 'sequences': [102, 153, 163], 'any': [104], 'given': [107], 'its': [108], 'corresponding': [109], 'CRISPR': [110], 'array': [111], 'as': [112], 'input.': [113], 'Spacer2PAM': [114, 149, 184], 'can': [115], 'be': [116], 'used': [117], "'Quick'": [120], 'method': [121, 132], 'generate': [123], 'single': [125], 'prediction': [127], "'Comprehensive'": [131], 'inform': [134], 'libraries': [137], 'small': [138], 'enough': [139], 'screen': [141], 'difficult': [143], 'transform': [145], 'organisms.': [146], 'We': [147, 181], 'demonstrate': [148], 'predicting': [151], 'industrially': [155], 'relevant': [156], 'experimentally': [159], 'identifying': [160], 'seven': [161], 'mediate': [165], 'interference': [166], 'the': [168, 173, 187], 'Spacer2PAM-informed': [169], 'library': [171], 'type': [174], 'I-B': [175], 'Clostridium': [179], 'autoethanogenum.': [180], 'anticipate': [182], 'will': [185], 'facilitate': [186], 'use': [188], 'industrial': [194], 'biotechnology': [195], 'synthetic': [197], 'biology.': [198]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4213036952', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T12:47:44.285977', 'created_date': '2022-02-24'}